Synthesis and characterization of quaternized poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone)for anion-exchange membrane

Chloromethylated poly（phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone） （CMPPESK） was prepared from poly（phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone） （PPESK） using chloromethyl octyl ethers （CMOE） with lower toxicity as chloromethylated regent. CMPPESK was soluble in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone （NMP）, N,N-dimethylacetamide （DMAc） and chloroform. Quaternized poly（phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone） （QAPPESK） was prepared from CMPPESK by quaternization. QAPPESK had excellent solvent resistance, which was only partly soluble in sulfuric acid （98%） and swollen in N,N-dimethylformamide （DMF）. The vanadium redox flow battery （V-RFB） using QAPPESK anion-exchange membrane had better performance with 88.3% of overall energy efficiency.

UV-induced Self-initiated Graft Polymerization of Acrylamide onto Poly(ether ether ketone)

Photo-grafting of hydrophilic monomer was used to enhance the hydrophilicity of poly（ether ether ketone） （PEEK） with the aim of extending its applications to biological fields. PEEK sheets were surface modified by grafting of acrylamide（AAm） with ultraviolet（UV） irradiation in the presence or absence of benzophenone（BP）. The effects of BP, irradiation time and monomer concentration on the surface wettability of PEEK were investigated. Characteriza tion of modified PEEK using scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy-disperse spectrometer（EDS） and water contact angle measurements shows that AAm was successfully grafted on PEEK surface both in presence and absence of BP. With the increase in irradiation time and monomer concentration, contact angles decrease to as low as 30°, demonstrating a significant improvement of surface hydrophilicity. In agreement with the decrease in contact angle, under identical conditions, the nitrogen concentration increases, suggesting the increase in grafting degree of the grafting polymerization. This investigation demonstrates a self-initiation of PEEK due to its BP-like structure in the backbone of the polymer. Though the graft polymerization proceeds more readily in the presence of BP, the self-initiated graft polymerization is clearly observed.

Synthesis and characterization of novel poly(aryl ether sulfone ketone)s containing phthalazinone and biphenyl moieties

A novel series of poly（aryl ether sulfone ketone）s （PPESKs） containing phthalazinone and biphenyl moieties were prepared by two-step nucleophilic polycondensation reaction. The ^-Mw values of these copolymers were between 38,330 and 67,900. The glass transition temperatures （Tg） and 5% decomposition temperatures were ranged in 253-269 ℃ and 488-500 ℃, respectively, The structures of these copolymers were confirmed by FT-IR and ^1H NMR. Moreover, all the resultant copolymers were amorphous determined by wide angle X-ray diffraction （WAXD）.

Immobilization of Bovine Serum Albumin on Poly(ether ether ketone) for Surface Biocompatibility Improvement

UV-induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid（AA） on poly（ether ether ketone）（PEEK） films was carried out to introduce ―COOH for the subsequent immobilization of bovine serum albumin（BSA）.BSA was introduced on PEEK surface based on the condensation reaction between ―NH 2 and ―COOH.The modified surface（PEEK-BSA） was characterized by energy-disperse spectrometry（EDS）,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）,water contact angle measurement and UV spectrum analysis.The contact angle was found to decrease from 104° for the virgin PEEK films to 63° for the BSA-immobilized PEEK films,demonstrating a significant improvement of surface hydrophilicity.Moreover,the appearance of nitrogen on PEEK film confirmed by XPS and EDS indicates the immobilization of BSA on PEEK surface.

Synthesis of Poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) Containing Sodium Sulfonate Groups via Direct Polymerization

Dihydro-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)(2H)phthalazin-1-one(DHPZ) was sulfonated in con- centrated sulfuric acid. Poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) containing pendant sodium sulfonate group was synthesized from sulfonated and pure 1,2-dihydro-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)(2H)phthalazin- 1-one, and 4,4-difluorodiphenylketone. The sulfonated monomer and sulfonated polymer were characterized with FT-IR and 1H-NMR.

Synthesis and Thermal Crosslinking Behavior of Poly(aryl ether ketone)s Containing 1,4-Naphthalene Moieties

A new monomer, 1,4-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl) naphthalene(compound 2) was synthesized via a two-step reaction. 1,4-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid chloride(compound 1) was prepared by using the acyl chlorization reaction of 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid with thionyl chloride. The Friedel-Crafts acylation of compound 1 with fluorobenzene afforded compound 2 in a 80% yield. The polycondensation of compound 2 with various bisphenols in tetramethylene sulfone(TMS) in the presence of excess potassium carbonate as a condensation reagent was carried out at 210 ℃ to quantitatively afford the corresponding poly(aryl ether ketone)s(compounds 3_8) containing 1,4-naphthalene moieties. Thermal analyses showed that the polymers have T g values ranging from 496 to 500 K and are thermally stable in air with initial mass loss above 500 ℃. These novel polymers exhibited an excellent solubility in organic solvents including NMP, DMAc, and chloroform, etc. In addition, the glass transition temperatures of these polymers increased and the polymers became insoluble in chloroform after treated at 260 ℃, indicating the occurrence of a thermal crosslinking reaction.

Characterization and tribological investigation of self-assembled trimethoxysilyl-functionalized poly(phthalazinone ether ketone)thin films on glass substrates

Trimethoxysilyl-functionalized PPEK（PKGS） films had been designed to serve as wear resistant coatings for silicon surfaces. These surface films were formed by a dip-coating technique applied to self-assembled monolayers（SAMs）.The formation and wetting behavior of PKGS films were characterized by means of contact angle measurement.The friction coefficient of the film prepared is very low（about 0.1）,and the anti-wear behavior is good,with a lack of failure after sliding over 1800 s.

Proton-Exchange Sulfonated Poly （ether ether ketone） （SPEEK）/SiOx-S Composite Membranes in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

A sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)(SPEEK) membrane with a fairly high degree of sulfonation(DS) can swell excessively and even dissolve at high temperature.To solve these problems,insolvable functionalized silica powder with sulfonic acid groups(SiOx-S) was added into the SPEEK matrix(DS = 55.1%) to prepare SPEEK/SiOx-S composite membranes.The decrease in both the swelling degree and the methanol permeability of the membranes was a dose-dependent result of addition of the SiOx-S powder.Pure SPEEK membrane swelled 52.6% at 80°C,whereas the SPEEK/SiOx-S(15%,by mass) membrane swelled only 27.3% at the same temperature.From room temperature to 80℃,all SPEEK/SPEEK/SiOx-S composite membranes had methanol permeability of about o ne order of magnitude lower than that of Nafion?115.Compared with pure SPEEK membranes,the addition of the SiOx-S powder not only leads to higher proton conductivity,but also increases the dimensional stability at higher temperatures,and greater proton conductivity can be achieved at higher temperature.The SPEEK/SiOx-S(20%,by mass) membrane could withstand temperature up to 145°C,at which in 100% relative humidity(RH) its proton conductivity exceeded slightly that of Nafion?115 membrane and reached 0.17 S·cm-1,while pure SPEEK membrane dissolved at 90°C.The SPEEK/SiOx-S composite membranes are promising for use in direct methanol fuel cells because of their good dimensional stability,high proton conductivity,and low methanol permeability.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY(ARYL ETHER KETONE)CONTAINING BIPHENYLPHTHALAZINONE MOIETY

A new poly(aryl ether ketone) containing biphenylphthalazinone moiety was prepared by the reaction of 4-(4-hydroxybiphenyl) phthalazine-1-one with 4, 4'-difluorobenzophenone. The monomer and the polymer were characterized by FT-IR and H-1-NMR. Some properties of this polymer were described.

Proton-exchange Sulfonated Poly（ether ether ketone）/Sulfonated Phenolphthalein Poly（ether sulfone） Blend Membranes in DMFCs

sulfonated (醚醚酉同类)(SPEEK ) poly，有 sulfonation (DS ) 的相当高的度的膜过分地胀大并且甚至溶解在高温度。解决这些问题， sulfonated 酚酞 poly (醚 sulfone )(SPES-C， DS53.7%) 与 SPEEK 矩阵被混合(DS55.1% ， 61.7%) 准备 SPEEK/SPES-C 混合膜。在胀大的度和膜的甲醇渗透的减少是剂量依赖者。纯 SPEEK (DS61.7%) 膜在 70 ° 在水里完全溶解； C SPEEK (DS61.7%)/SPES-C 的胀大的度(40% ，由质量) 膜在 80 ° 是 29.7% ； C。从房间温度到 80 °； C，所有 SPEEK (DS55.1%)/SPES-C 混合膜的甲醇渗透比 Nafion® 的低大约一个数量级； 115。在更高的温度， SPES-C 聚合物的增加增加维的稳定性和更大的质子电导率能被完成。SPEEK (DS=55.1%)/SPES-C (40% ，由质量) 膜能承受温度直到 150 °； C。SPEEK (DS55.1%)/SPES-C 的质子电导率(30% ，由质量) 膜接近 0.16 S·；匹配 Nafion® 的厘米 −1, ； 115 在 140 °； C 和 100% RH，当纯 SPEEK (DS55.1%) 膜溶解在 90 ° 时； C。因为他们的好维的稳定性，高质子传导性，和低甲醇渗透， SPEEK/SPES-C 混合膜为在直接甲醇燃料房间的使用是有希望的。

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY(ARYL ETHER KETONE)FROM 4-(3-PHENYL-4-HYDROXYPHENYL)PHTHALAZINONE

A novel soluble poly(aryl ether ketone) was prepared by the reaction of 4-(3-phenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)phthalazinone with 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone. The polymer was characterized by DSC, TGA and X-ray diffraction.

Synthesis and Characterization of Reactive Poly(Aryl Ether Ketone Ketone) Containing Cyclohexene Ring

A novel heterocyclic poly (aryl ether ketone ketone) (PPEKK) containing cyclohexenering was prepared from 1-methyl-cyclohex-1-ene-4, 5 -diyl-bis(4-chlorophenyl methanone) and 4 (4-hydroxyphenyl)(2H) phthalazin-1-one. The polymer was characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, DSC,TG and X-ray analysis.

The Synthesis and Characterization of High Molecular Weight Poly(phenylene sulfide/ether)

Poly（phenylene sulfide/ether） （PPSE） was synthesized from 4,4＇-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfide and 4,4＇-dichlorodiphenyl sulfide in solution by nucleophilic substitution reaction. The resulting polymer was characterized by viscosity measurement, elemental analysis, FT-IR, ^1H NMR, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. The results showed that the viscosities of the resulting polymer were above 0.68 dL/g, and the linear chain structure of product was confirmed. PPSE had the same reflex indices as poly（p-phenylene sulfide）, an orthorhombic crystalline with unit cell a=0.853, b=0.562, c=1.026nm. The melting temperature, glass transition temperature and initial decomposition temperature were found to be 228℃, 85℃ and 325℃, respectively. The product was soluble in common organic solvents such as NMP, N, N＇-dimethylformamide, N, N＇-dimethylacetamide and 1,2-dichloroethane.

Synthesis and Properties of Poly(aryl ether ketone) Copolymers Containing 2,7-Naphthalene Moieties

Poly（ aryl ether ketone） copolymers containing 2,7-naphthylene and hydroquinone（HQ） moieties with various compositions were prepared by the reaction of 4,4＇-difluorobenzophenone（DFB） 2,7-naphthylene and hydroquinone in the presence of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate （ 19： 1, mass ratio） in diphenyl sulfone （DPS）. The thermal analysis results of the copolymers show that the glass transition temperatures（Tgs） increase, while the melting temperatures（Tra） and tile 5.0% weight loss temperatures （ Td ） decrease with the increase of the 2,7-naphthalene moieties. For the copolymers synthesized at a molar fraction of 2,7-naphthalene in the difluoro monomers being over 0.30, no peaks corresponding to the cold crystallization temperature and the melting temperature could be detected, indicating that these copolymers are almost amorphous. The crystal structures of the copolymers with a molar fraction of 2,7-naphthalene being less than 0. 30 are rhombic.

STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF PHOSPHROUS-CONTAINING POLY(ARYLETHER KETONE)WITH BISPHENOL-A MOIETY

A phosphrous-containing poly（aryl ether ketone） was synthesized derived from bisphenol-A and bis[4-（4- fluorobenzoyl）phenyl] phenyl phosphine oxide （FPPPO） by nucleophilic substitution reaction. The structure of the polymer was characterized by FT-IR, ^1H-NMR and ^31p-NMR. The thermal property of the PAEK was measured by DSC and TGA. The glass transition temperature （Tg） of the polymer was 205℃, and the 5% weight loss temperature under nitrogen was 475℃. Good solubility of the polymer in organic solvents, such as N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide and chloroalkanes was observed, flexible film was obtained from the polymer＇s CH2Cl2 solution. The limiting oxygen index （LOI） of the PAEK was 40, which indicated that organic phosphorus moiety can offer good flame retardant property to the polymer.

Review:Recent Progress on Poly(ether ether ketone) and Its Composites for Biomedical, Machinery, Energy and Aerospace Applications

Poly(ether ether ketone)(PEEK)has drown researchers’wide attention because of the exceptional performances such as mechanical properties,thermal stability,chemical resistance,and biocompatibility.These properties endow it with broad potential use in biomedical,engineering,and aerospace applications.In addition,multifunctional fillers have been intensively incorporated into PEEK matrix,as it is conducive to the enhanced properties,and has the desired properties in concrete applications.This review introduced the basic content and synthesis pathway of PEEKs and their composites,focusing on the various applications,including biomedical,machinery,energy storage,and aerospace applications.Considerable efforts have been devoted to explore the concrete modified method to obtain the desired performances of PEEK based materials.At the end,existing problems and development directions for the PEEK based materials were analyzed and predicted.

Poly(ether ether ketone ketone) based imidazolium as anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells

An imidazolium functionalized poly(ether ether ketone ketone)(PEEKK-DIm OH)anion exchange membrane(AEM)readily soluble in certain low-boiling-point solvents(isopropanol)is prepared.The solubility results are consistent with the results of molecular dynamics simulations.By varying the chloromethylation reaction temperature or concentrated sulfuric acid concentration of PEEKK,the degrees of chloromethylation of PEEKK are changed from 54% to 92%,the corresponding PEEKK-DIm OH AEMs with the ion exchange capacities(IECs)of 1.14–1.65 mmol·g^(-1).The PEEKK-DIm OH 92% AEM shows high hydroxide conductivity(31 m S·cm^(-1)),suitable water uptake(94%)and acceptable swelling ratio(39%)at 60°C.In addition,the PEEKK-DIm OH AEMs possess good thermal and alkaline stability.The maximum power density(46.16 mW·cm^(-2))of fuel cell prepared with PEEKK-DIm OH 92%AEM as exchange membrane and ionomer is much higher than that with commercial AHA membranes.All the above results indicate that the PEEKK used in this study is a promising AEM matrix material for alkaline fuel cells.

Dynamic Rheological Characterization of A Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Poly (aryl ether ketone)

The rheometries ARES rheometer was applied to determining the rheological behavior of a thermotropic liquid crystalline poly (aryl ether ketone). The viscosity of the material decreases with increasing temperature. reaching a minimum in the nematic state, then slightly increases with further raising the temperature in the biphase.