A high performance preoxidized poly(acrylonitrile)(O-PAN)nanofiber membrane with excellent solvent resistance,thermal stability and flexibility was fabricated by the preoxidation of electrospun PAN nanofiber membrane....A high performance preoxidized poly(acrylonitrile)(O-PAN)nanofiber membrane with excellent solvent resistance,thermal stability and flexibility was fabricated by the preoxidation of electrospun PAN nanofiber membrane.The performance of resultant O-PAN nanofiber membrane was optimized by altering the PAN concentration and preoxidation temperature.The results showed that the O-PAN nanofiber membrane which made from PAN concentration of 14%(mass)and preoxidation temperature of 250.0℃ have a more optimal comprehensive performance.In the long-term separation test of SiO2 particle(1 μm)in DMAc suspension,the permeate flux of O-PAN nanofiber membrane stabilized at 227.91 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)(25℃,0.05 MPa)while the SiO2 rejection above 99.6%,which showed excellent solvent resistance and separation performance.In order to further explore the application of the O-PAN nanofiber membrane,the OPAN nanofiber membrane was treated with fluoride and used in oil/water separation process.The O-PAN nanofiber membrane after hydrophobic treatment showed excellent hydrophobicity and good oil/water separation performance with the permeate flux about 969.59 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)while the separation efficiency above 96.1%.The O-PAN nanofiber membrane exhibited a potential application prospect in harsh environment separation.展开更多
With the advent of plastics and the wide range of fillers that are available have made modifications as precise as the tailored resins themselves. To modify the properties of polymer either by using fillers or by prep...With the advent of plastics and the wide range of fillers that are available have made modifications as precise as the tailored resins themselves. To modify the properties of polymer either by using fillers or by preparation of polymer blends gives rise to new materials with tailored properties. More complex, three-component systems, obtained by the addition of polymeric modifier to polymer filled composites may be of interest. Use of Fly ash cenospheres is very attractive because it is inexpensive and its use can reduce the environmental pollution to a significant extent. In the present study, Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA)-Fly ash cenospheres composites were prepared using extrusion followed by Injection molding. The effect of matrix modification with Methyl methacrylate– acrylonitrile -butadiene–styrene (MABS) on the performance of PMMA- Fly ash cenospheres compositions was also, studied. It was found that with the addition of Fly ash cenospheres particulate as filler in PMMA showed marginal reduction in Tensile Strength, % Elongation and Impact strength and improvement in Flexural Strength, Heat Deflection Temperature and Vicat Softening Point. Compared with PMMA-cenospheres composites, the notched Impact Strength of the PMMA/MABS/cenospheres composites showed marginal enhancement in values at higher loading of cenospheres. The optimum performances in mechanical and thermal properties were obtained when the ratio of MABS to cenospheres was 1:2.展开更多
Polymeric β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) supported by crosslinked poly(acrylamide-co-vinylamine) was synthesized as anartificial analog of hydrolytic enzyme and its catalysis of the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate (p-NPA...Polymeric β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) supported by crosslinked poly(acrylamide-co-vinylamine) was synthesized as anartificial analog of hydrolytic enzyme and its catalysis of the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate (p-NPA) was theninvestigated. The result showed that the polymer-supported β-CD could accelerate the hydrolytic reaction of p-NPA morequickly than β-CD itself and crosslinked poly(acrylamide-co-vinylamine) alone. The acceleration rate of the polymer-supported β-CD was about 10 times as fast as that of free β-CD in 0.01 mol/L phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 32%DMSO at 37±0.1℃ when the molar amount of β-CD units in the polymer was equal to that of free β-CD in the experiments.The enhanced acceleration of thc polymer-supported β-CD should be ascribed to the cooperative contribution of theinclusion effect of β-CD ring and the nucleophilic effect of amino groups on the polymeric support.展开更多
IntroductionOver the past few decades, molecular imprinting has been described as a technology for preparing ＂molecular doors＂ which can be matched to ＂template keys＂. It has been found to be a simple and effectiv...IntroductionOver the past few decades, molecular imprinting has been described as a technology for preparing ＂molecular doors＂ which can be matched to ＂template keys＂. It has been found to be a simple and effective approach to introduce specific recognition sites into synthetic polymers, namely, to create molecular imprinting polymers Remarkable features such as stability, ease of preparation and low cost, have made molecular imprinting polymers particularly attractive in chemical sensors, catalysis, drug delivery, and dedicated separations. Practical applications of molecular imprinting polymers require accessible sites, fast mass transfer, and quick binding. However, present techniques used to prepare molecular imprinting polymers most often result in materials exhibiting a high affinity and selectivity but a low capacity and poor site accessibility for the target molecules. It is also very difficult to remove the imprinted molecules located in these molecular imprinting polymers because the highly cross-linked structures do not allow the templates to move freely. To some extent, combining molecular imprinting technology with membrane separation and surface imprinting can overcome the shortcomings, such as mass transfer limitations and non-quantitative recovery of the template molecules seen for imprinted materials fabricated by conventional bulk methods. In that ease, it appears to us that molecular imprinting polymers with high surface area to volume ratios are particularly desirable for largescale applications. Eleetrospun nano and ultrafine fibrous membranes are the most suitable materials due to advantages such as： （1） large specific surfaces, providing relatively high imprinting sites per unit mass; （2） fine porous structures, resulting in the accessibility of imprinting sites and low diffusion resistance necessary for high efficiency; and （3） easy recoverability from practical operation or applicability for continuous usages. Therefore, in this work, we prepared a unique kind of imprinted material--molecularly imprinted fibrous membranes of poly （ acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid） fabricated by means of an electrospinning process.展开更多
PANCHI （poly（acrylonitrile）/chitosan） composite membranes were prepared. The chitosan layer was deposited on the surface as well as on the pore walls of the base membrane. This resulted in the reduction of the por...PANCHI （poly（acrylonitrile）/chitosan） composite membranes were prepared. The chitosan layer was deposited on the surface as well as on the pore walls of the base membrane. This resulted in the reduction of the pore size of the membrane and in an increase of their hydrophilicity. The pore structure of poly（acrylonitrile） and PANCHI membranes were determined by SEM analyses It was found that the membrane coated with 1.0% chitosan shows the maximum reduced pore size. The amounts of the functional groups and the degree of hydrophilicity of PANCHI composite membranes were determined. Urease was covalently immobilized onto all kinds of PANCHI membranes using glutaraldehyde. Both the amount of bound protein and relative activity of immobilized urease were measured. The highest activity （92.96%） was measured for urease bound to PANCHI （1%） membranes. The basic characteristics of optimum conditions （pH and temperature）, heat inactivation and storage stability of immobilized urease were determined. Immobilization improved the thermal, pH and storage stability of the enzyme. The obtained results show that the poly（acrylonitrile）/chitosan composite materials are suitable for urease immobilization.展开更多
Lipase from Candida rugosa was covalently immobilized on the surface of an uhrafihration hollow fiber membrane fabricated from poly （ acrylonitrile-co-maleic acid） （ PANCMA ） in which the carboxyl groups were acti...Lipase from Candida rugosa was covalently immobilized on the surface of an uhrafihration hollow fiber membrane fabricated from poly （ acrylonitrile-co-maleic acid） （ PANCMA ） in which the carboxyl groups were activated with 1-ethyl-3-（ dimethylaminopropyl ） carbodiimide hydrochloride （ EDC ） and dicyclohexyl carbodiimide （ DCC ）/ N-hydroxyl succinimide（NHS）, respectively. The properties of the immobilized lipase were assayed and compared with those of the free enzyme. The maximum activities were observed in a relatively broader pH value range at high temperatures for the immobilized lipase compared to the free one. It was also found that the thermal and pH stabilities of lipase were improved upon immobilization and at 50 ℃ the thermal inactivation rate constant values are 2. 1 × 10^ -2 for the free lipase, 3.2 × 10^-3 for the immobilized lipase on the EDC-activated PANCMA membrane and 3.5 × 10^-3 for the immobilized lipase on the DCC/NHS-activated PANCMA membrane, respectively.展开更多
Poly (acrylonitrile-co-vinyl acetate)/polypyrrole composite particles with uniform size and morphology have been synthesized using one-step polymerization that involves swelling and coating of polypyrrole (PPy) into P...Poly (acrylonitrile-co-vinyl acetate)/polypyrrole composite particles with uniform size and morphology have been synthesized using one-step polymerization that involves swelling and coating of polypyrrole (PPy) into P (AN-co-VAc) latex nanoparticles. As an initial stage, free radical copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) and vinyl acetate (VAc) was synthesized by emulsion polymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) and dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid salt (DBSA) as a surfactant. P (AN-co-VAc)/PPy composites were obtained first time by in situ addition of the pyrrole into the reaction medium. The electrospun P (AN-co-VAc)/PPy nanofibers were obtained from the nanoparticles with better properties and the effect of PPy on the morphology of nanofibers was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). High degree of homogeneity and molecular order induced by molecular dispersion of polypyrrole on copolymer matrix without phase separation improve the transport properties and stability of polypyrrole, which are critical for high-performance organic electronics.展开更多
A copolymer of poly（acrylonitrile-co-styrene） （SAN） was synthesized via an emulsion polymerization method. Novel polymer electrolyte membranes cast from the blends of poly（vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropyl...A copolymer of poly（acrylonitrile-co-styrene） （SAN） was synthesized via an emulsion polymerization method. Novel polymer electrolyte membranes cast from the blends of poly（vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene） （PVDF- HFP）, SAN and fumed silica （SIO2） are microporous and can be used in polymer lithium-ion batteries. The membrane shows excellent characteristics such as high ionic conductivity and good mechanical strength when the mass ratio between SAN and PVDF-HFP and SiO2 is 3.5/31.5/5. The ionic conductivity of the membrane soaked in a liquid electrolyte of 1 mol/L LiPF6/EC/DMC/DEC is 4.9 × 10^-3 S cm^-1 at 25℃. The membrane is electrochemical stable up to 5.5 V versus Li^＋/Li in the liquid electrolyte. The influences of SiO2 content on the porosity and mechanical strength of the membranes were studied. Polymer lithium-ion batteries based on the membranes were assembled and their performances were also studied.展开更多
Shape-stabilized poly（acrylonitrile-co-ethylene glycol） （PANEG） copolymer with comb-like structure was prepared via simple free-radical solution polymerization, where acrylic acid poly（ethylene glycol） methyl et...Shape-stabilized poly（acrylonitrile-co-ethylene glycol） （PANEG） copolymer with comb-like structure was prepared via simple free-radical solution polymerization, where acrylic acid poly（ethylene glycol） methyl ether ester （MPEGA） and acrylonitrile （AN） were employed as monomers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H and 13C NMR）, wide-angle X-ray diffraction （WXAD） were used to characterize the chemical structure of resultant PANEG. In addition, the influences of MPEGA contents on energy storage performance, thermal reliability and thermal stability of PANEG materials were evaluated based on differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, polarizing optical microscopy （POM）, thermal infrared imager and thermogravimetry analyzer （TG）. The comb-like PANEG demonstrated a favorable temperature regulation performance and thermal reliability. With the increase of MPEGA contents, the enthalpy of PANEG increased, and when the content of MPEGA was 80 wt%, the phase change enthalpy of synthesized PANEG-80 reached to 106.70 J/g with a stable heat storage performance after 100 thermal cycling. Thermal infrared images and cooling curves revealed that synthetic PANEG could sustain a temperature in ranges of 22-31 ℃ for continuous 25 min, presenting excellent temperature regulation performance. Also, comb-like PANEG could be uniformly dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO）, indicating that PANEG phase change fibers with potential applications in fields of intelligent thermoregulating textile and heat energy management could be obtained via one-step wet spinning.展开更多
Hard poly（vinyl chloride） （PVC）/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene （ABS） blends were prepared using injection- molding and influence of crosshead speed on mechanical properties was examined. Based on morphology par...Hard poly（vinyl chloride） （PVC）/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene （ABS） blends were prepared using injection- molding and influence of crosshead speed on mechanical properties was examined. Based on morphology parameters obtained from transmission electron microscopy photography and the material parameters from true stress-strain curves of neat PVC and ABS, yield stresses of the blends at different crosshead speeds were simulated employing a two-dimensional nine-particle model based on the finite element analysis （FEA）. The FEA results were compared with the experimental yielding stress and the good agreement validated the simulation approach. The FEA approach allowed establishing a yielding criterion related to local yielding of the interstitial matrix between ABS particles.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Plans of Tianjin(18PTSYJC00170)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(YESS20160168)The Analytical&Testing Center of Tiangong University was appreciated.
文摘A high performance preoxidized poly(acrylonitrile)(O-PAN)nanofiber membrane with excellent solvent resistance,thermal stability and flexibility was fabricated by the preoxidation of electrospun PAN nanofiber membrane.The performance of resultant O-PAN nanofiber membrane was optimized by altering the PAN concentration and preoxidation temperature.The results showed that the O-PAN nanofiber membrane which made from PAN concentration of 14%(mass)and preoxidation temperature of 250.0℃ have a more optimal comprehensive performance.In the long-term separation test of SiO2 particle(1 μm)in DMAc suspension,the permeate flux of O-PAN nanofiber membrane stabilized at 227.91 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)(25℃,0.05 MPa)while the SiO2 rejection above 99.6%,which showed excellent solvent resistance and separation performance.In order to further explore the application of the O-PAN nanofiber membrane,the OPAN nanofiber membrane was treated with fluoride and used in oil/water separation process.The O-PAN nanofiber membrane after hydrophobic treatment showed excellent hydrophobicity and good oil/water separation performance with the permeate flux about 969.59 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)while the separation efficiency above 96.1%.The O-PAN nanofiber membrane exhibited a potential application prospect in harsh environment separation.
文摘With the advent of plastics and the wide range of fillers that are available have made modifications as precise as the tailored resins themselves. To modify the properties of polymer either by using fillers or by preparation of polymer blends gives rise to new materials with tailored properties. More complex, three-component systems, obtained by the addition of polymeric modifier to polymer filled composites may be of interest. Use of Fly ash cenospheres is very attractive because it is inexpensive and its use can reduce the environmental pollution to a significant extent. In the present study, Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA)-Fly ash cenospheres composites were prepared using extrusion followed by Injection molding. The effect of matrix modification with Methyl methacrylate– acrylonitrile -butadiene–styrene (MABS) on the performance of PMMA- Fly ash cenospheres compositions was also, studied. It was found that with the addition of Fly ash cenospheres particulate as filler in PMMA showed marginal reduction in Tensile Strength, % Elongation and Impact strength and improvement in Flexural Strength, Heat Deflection Temperature and Vicat Softening Point. Compared with PMMA-cenospheres composites, the notched Impact Strength of the PMMA/MABS/cenospheres composites showed marginal enhancement in values at higher loading of cenospheres. The optimum performances in mechanical and thermal properties were obtained when the ratio of MABS to cenospheres was 1:2.
文摘Polymeric β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) supported by crosslinked poly(acrylamide-co-vinylamine) was synthesized as anartificial analog of hydrolytic enzyme and its catalysis of the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate (p-NPA) was theninvestigated. The result showed that the polymer-supported β-CD could accelerate the hydrolytic reaction of p-NPA morequickly than β-CD itself and crosslinked poly(acrylamide-co-vinylamine) alone. The acceleration rate of the polymer-supported β-CD was about 10 times as fast as that of free β-CD in 0.01 mol/L phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 32%DMSO at 37±0.1℃ when the molar amount of β-CD units in the polymer was equal to that of free β-CD in the experiments.The enhanced acceleration of thc polymer-supported β-CD should be ascribed to the cooperative contribution of theinclusion effect of β-CD ring and the nucleophilic effect of amino groups on the polymeric support.
文摘IntroductionOver the past few decades, molecular imprinting has been described as a technology for preparing ＂molecular doors＂ which can be matched to ＂template keys＂. It has been found to be a simple and effective approach to introduce specific recognition sites into synthetic polymers, namely, to create molecular imprinting polymers Remarkable features such as stability, ease of preparation and low cost, have made molecular imprinting polymers particularly attractive in chemical sensors, catalysis, drug delivery, and dedicated separations. Practical applications of molecular imprinting polymers require accessible sites, fast mass transfer, and quick binding. However, present techniques used to prepare molecular imprinting polymers most often result in materials exhibiting a high affinity and selectivity but a low capacity and poor site accessibility for the target molecules. It is also very difficult to remove the imprinted molecules located in these molecular imprinting polymers because the highly cross-linked structures do not allow the templates to move freely. To some extent, combining molecular imprinting technology with membrane separation and surface imprinting can overcome the shortcomings, such as mass transfer limitations and non-quantitative recovery of the template molecules seen for imprinted materials fabricated by conventional bulk methods. In that ease, it appears to us that molecular imprinting polymers with high surface area to volume ratios are particularly desirable for largescale applications. Eleetrospun nano and ultrafine fibrous membranes are the most suitable materials due to advantages such as： （1） large specific surfaces, providing relatively high imprinting sites per unit mass; （2） fine porous structures, resulting in the accessibility of imprinting sites and low diffusion resistance necessary for high efficiency; and （3） easy recoverability from practical operation or applicability for continuous usages. Therefore, in this work, we prepared a unique kind of imprinted material--molecularly imprinted fibrous membranes of poly （ acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid） fabricated by means of an electrospinning process.
文摘PANCHI （poly（acrylonitrile）/chitosan） composite membranes were prepared. The chitosan layer was deposited on the surface as well as on the pore walls of the base membrane. This resulted in the reduction of the pore size of the membrane and in an increase of their hydrophilicity. The pore structure of poly（acrylonitrile） and PANCHI membranes were determined by SEM analyses It was found that the membrane coated with 1.0% chitosan shows the maximum reduced pore size. The amounts of the functional groups and the degree of hydrophilicity of PANCHI composite membranes were determined. Urease was covalently immobilized onto all kinds of PANCHI membranes using glutaraldehyde. Both the amount of bound protein and relative activity of immobilized urease were measured. The highest activity （92.96%） was measured for urease bound to PANCHI （1%） membranes. The basic characteristics of optimum conditions （pH and temperature）, heat inactivation and storage stability of immobilized urease were determined. Immobilization improved the thermal, pH and storage stability of the enzyme. The obtained results show that the poly（acrylonitrile）/chitosan composite materials are suitable for urease immobilization.
文摘Lipase from Candida rugosa was covalently immobilized on the surface of an uhrafihration hollow fiber membrane fabricated from poly （ acrylonitrile-co-maleic acid） （ PANCMA ） in which the carboxyl groups were activated with 1-ethyl-3-（ dimethylaminopropyl ） carbodiimide hydrochloride （ EDC ） and dicyclohexyl carbodiimide （ DCC ）/ N-hydroxyl succinimide（NHS）, respectively. The properties of the immobilized lipase were assayed and compared with those of the free enzyme. The maximum activities were observed in a relatively broader pH value range at high temperatures for the immobilized lipase compared to the free one. It was also found that the thermal and pH stabilities of lipase were improved upon immobilization and at 50 ℃ the thermal inactivation rate constant values are 2. 1 × 10^ -2 for the free lipase, 3.2 × 10^-3 for the immobilized lipase on the EDC-activated PANCMA membrane and 3.5 × 10^-3 for the immobilized lipase on the DCC/NHS-activated PANCMA membrane, respectively.
文摘Poly (acrylonitrile-co-vinyl acetate)/polypyrrole composite particles with uniform size and morphology have been synthesized using one-step polymerization that involves swelling and coating of polypyrrole (PPy) into P (AN-co-VAc) latex nanoparticles. As an initial stage, free radical copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) and vinyl acetate (VAc) was synthesized by emulsion polymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) and dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid salt (DBSA) as a surfactant. P (AN-co-VAc)/PPy composites were obtained first time by in situ addition of the pyrrole into the reaction medium. The electrospun P (AN-co-VAc)/PPy nanofibers were obtained from the nanoparticles with better properties and the effect of PPy on the morphology of nanofibers was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). High degree of homogeneity and molecular order induced by molecular dispersion of polypyrrole on copolymer matrix without phase separation improve the transport properties and stability of polypyrrole, which are critical for high-performance organic electronics.
文摘A copolymer of poly（acrylonitrile-co-styrene） （SAN） was synthesized via an emulsion polymerization method. Novel polymer electrolyte membranes cast from the blends of poly（vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene） （PVDF- HFP）, SAN and fumed silica （SIO2） are microporous and can be used in polymer lithium-ion batteries. The membrane shows excellent characteristics such as high ionic conductivity and good mechanical strength when the mass ratio between SAN and PVDF-HFP and SiO2 is 3.5/31.5/5. The ionic conductivity of the membrane soaked in a liquid electrolyte of 1 mol/L LiPF6/EC/DMC/DEC is 4.9 × 10^-3 S cm^-1 at 25℃. The membrane is electrochemical stable up to 5.5 V versus Li^＋/Li in the liquid electrolyte. The influences of SiO2 content on the porosity and mechanical strength of the membranes were studied. Polymer lithium-ion batteries based on the membranes were assembled and their performances were also studied.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51603033,51603035)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT16R13)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(16JC1400700)
文摘Shape-stabilized poly（acrylonitrile-co-ethylene glycol） （PANEG） copolymer with comb-like structure was prepared via simple free-radical solution polymerization, where acrylic acid poly（ethylene glycol） methyl ether ester （MPEGA） and acrylonitrile （AN） were employed as monomers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H and 13C NMR）, wide-angle X-ray diffraction （WXAD） were used to characterize the chemical structure of resultant PANEG. In addition, the influences of MPEGA contents on energy storage performance, thermal reliability and thermal stability of PANEG materials were evaluated based on differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, polarizing optical microscopy （POM）, thermal infrared imager and thermogravimetry analyzer （TG）. The comb-like PANEG demonstrated a favorable temperature regulation performance and thermal reliability. With the increase of MPEGA contents, the enthalpy of PANEG increased, and when the content of MPEGA was 80 wt%, the phase change enthalpy of synthesized PANEG-80 reached to 106.70 J/g with a stable heat storage performance after 100 thermal cycling. Thermal infrared images and cooling curves revealed that synthetic PANEG could sustain a temperature in ranges of 22-31 ℃ for continuous 25 min, presenting excellent temperature regulation performance. Also, comb-like PANEG could be uniformly dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO）, indicating that PANEG phase change fibers with potential applications in fields of intelligent thermoregulating textile and heat energy management could be obtained via one-step wet spinning.
基金financially supported by Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program (No.2007BAE 10B04)
文摘Hard poly（vinyl chloride） （PVC）/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene （ABS） blends were prepared using injection- molding and influence of crosshead speed on mechanical properties was examined. Based on morphology parameters obtained from transmission electron microscopy photography and the material parameters from true stress-strain curves of neat PVC and ABS, yield stresses of the blends at different crosshead speeds were simulated employing a two-dimensional nine-particle model based on the finite element analysis （FEA）. The FEA results were compared with the experimental yielding stress and the good agreement validated the simulation approach. The FEA approach allowed establishing a yielding criterion related to local yielding of the interstitial matrix between ABS particles.
