Decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE209) is poorly absorbed by mammals,and little information is available on the toxicokinetics of BDE209 and its metabolites in fish.In the present study,rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) wer...Decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE209) is poorly absorbed by mammals,and little information is available on the toxicokinetics of BDE209 and its metabolites in fish.In the present study,rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) were administered to 100 ng/g and 500 ng/g body wet weight of BDE209 via a single intraperitoneal injection and parent BDE209 and its metabolites were sequentially monitored for 28 days.The results showed that toxicokinetic profiles of BDE209 could be described by the one-compartment model.In the higher dose group(500 ng/g wet weight),the calculated half-life(t1/2) and elimination rate(ke) were 17.7 d and 0.039/d in the liver,and 100.3 d and 0.007/d in the muscle,respectively.Three major methoxylated brominated diphenyl ethers(MeO-BDEs) were detected with 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromo-5-methoxydiphenyl ether(5-MeO-BDE47) being detected in all tissue samples.There was no significant temporal change of 5-MeO-BDE47 concentration in the muscle,whereas an exponential increase was observed in the liver.Therefore,the metabolism rate of BDE209 depended on the administered dose.BDE209 was hardly accumulated in the muscle of rainbow trout,while the liver was a primary metabolic organ.MeO-BDEs were formed via metabolism of BDE209,which probably played a significant role in fish toxicology as a potential indicator.展开更多
Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD),tetrabromobisphenol-A(TBBPA)and two potential replacements decabromodiphenylethane(DBDPE)and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane(B...Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD),tetrabromobisphenol-A(TBBPA)and two potential replacements decabromodiphenylethane(DBDPE)and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane(BTBPE)were measured in dust samples collected from 14 homes across Birmingham(UK).Concentrations were compared with those from the same city in previous studies to ascertain any temporal changes and to assess the effects of legislative restrictions.The average PHBCDDs concentration(46,000 ng/g;median=280 ng/g)included the highest dust concentration recorded globally(570,000 ng/g).This is despite the listing of HBCDD under the Stockholm Convention in 2013,demonstrating that decreases in indoor contamination will likely be slow as existing sources are gradually discarded.In contrast,concentrations of BDE-47(mean=5.7 ng/g;median=0.93 ng/g)and BDE-99(mean=11 ng/g;median=2.9 ng/g)were significantly lower than in all previous(p<0.01)studies in the same city since 2006,suggesting restrictions on the Penta-BDE formulation have been effective.The average BDE-209 concentration(4800 ng/g;median=1600 ng/g)is lower than the peak average concentration,which was observed in 2007(280,000 ng/g),however this is not a significant decline,probably due to the later imposition of Deca-BDE restrictions compared to those on Penta-BDE.Decreases in PBDE concentrations have coincided with a significant(p<0.01)increase in DBDPE concentrations(average=1500 ng/g;median=660 ng/g)since 2014,suggesting its use as a replacement flame retardant for Deca-BDE.While no significant change was detected for BTBPE(average 11 ng/g;median=0.84 ng/g in this study);concentrations of TBBPA(average=34 ng/g;median=35 ng/g)were significantly lower(p<0.05)than in 2007(average 62 ng/g).The decreases observed in PBDE concentrations,demonstrates that legislation has been effective in reducing the commercial use of PBDEs,however this has coincided with increases of alternative flame retardants such as DBDPE.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB421605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20737003 & 20877089)
文摘Decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE209) is poorly absorbed by mammals,and little information is available on the toxicokinetics of BDE209 and its metabolites in fish.In the present study,rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) were administered to 100 ng/g and 500 ng/g body wet weight of BDE209 via a single intraperitoneal injection and parent BDE209 and its metabolites were sequentially monitored for 28 days.The results showed that toxicokinetic profiles of BDE209 could be described by the one-compartment model.In the higher dose group(500 ng/g wet weight),the calculated half-life(t1/2) and elimination rate(ke) were 17.7 d and 0.039/d in the liver,and 100.3 d and 0.007/d in the muscle,respectively.Three major methoxylated brominated diphenyl ethers(MeO-BDEs) were detected with 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromo-5-methoxydiphenyl ether(5-MeO-BDE47) being detected in all tissue samples.There was no significant temporal change of 5-MeO-BDE47 concentration in the muscle,whereas an exponential increase was observed in the liver.Therefore,the metabolism rate of BDE209 depended on the administered dose.BDE209 was hardly accumulated in the muscle of rainbow trout,while the liver was a primary metabolic organ.MeO-BDEs were formed via metabolism of BDE209,which probably played a significant role in fish toxicology as a potential indicator.
基金Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(RGJ-Ph.D.Program)scholarship of Thailand Research Fund(PHD/0129/2559)to carry out this work.
文摘Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD),tetrabromobisphenol-A(TBBPA)and two potential replacements decabromodiphenylethane(DBDPE)and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane(BTBPE)were measured in dust samples collected from 14 homes across Birmingham(UK).Concentrations were compared with those from the same city in previous studies to ascertain any temporal changes and to assess the effects of legislative restrictions.The average PHBCDDs concentration(46,000 ng/g;median=280 ng/g)included the highest dust concentration recorded globally(570,000 ng/g).This is despite the listing of HBCDD under the Stockholm Convention in 2013,demonstrating that decreases in indoor contamination will likely be slow as existing sources are gradually discarded.In contrast,concentrations of BDE-47(mean=5.7 ng/g;median=0.93 ng/g)and BDE-99(mean=11 ng/g;median=2.9 ng/g)were significantly lower than in all previous(p<0.01)studies in the same city since 2006,suggesting restrictions on the Penta-BDE formulation have been effective.The average BDE-209 concentration(4800 ng/g;median=1600 ng/g)is lower than the peak average concentration,which was observed in 2007(280,000 ng/g),however this is not a significant decline,probably due to the later imposition of Deca-BDE restrictions compared to those on Penta-BDE.Decreases in PBDE concentrations have coincided with a significant(p<0.01)increase in DBDPE concentrations(average=1500 ng/g;median=660 ng/g)since 2014,suggesting its use as a replacement flame retardant for Deca-BDE.While no significant change was detected for BTBPE(average 11 ng/g;median=0.84 ng/g in this study);concentrations of TBBPA(average=34 ng/g;median=35 ng/g)were significantly lower(p<0.05)than in 2007(average 62 ng/g).The decreases observed in PBDE concentrations,demonstrates that legislation has been effective in reducing the commercial use of PBDEs,however this has coincided with increases of alternative flame retardants such as DBDPE.
