Effects of coagulation bath temperature on structure and performance of poly(vinyl butyral) hollow fiber membranes via thermally induced phase separation

Poly （vinyl butyral） （PVB） hollow fiber membranes were fabricated via thermally induced phase separation （TIPS）. The effects of coagulation bath temperature （CBT） on the structure and performance of membranes were investigated in detail. The morphologies of the membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, the performances of water permeability, rejection, breaking strength and elongation were measured, respectively. The results indicate that all the membranes have the asymmetric morphology and the thickness of the skin layer decreases and the pore size of the outer layer increases with the increase of CBT. The permeability of membranes prepared at air gap 1.0 cm and take-up speed 0.253 m/s increases from 1.047×10-7 to 5.909×10-7 m3/（m2·s-kPa） with the CBT increasing from 20 ℃ to 40℃, and sharply increases to 35.226×10 7 m3/（m2.s.kPa）once the CBT arrives at 50 ℃. While the carbonic ink rejections have no significant decrease, totally exceed 98%, but that of acid-maleic acid copolymer greatly decreases with the increase of CBT. Both the breaking strength and elongation decrease with the increase of CBT.

Electrokinetic phenomena of poly(vinyl butyral) hollow fiber membranes in different electrolyte solutions

The streaming potential of poly（vinyl butyral） （PVB） hollow fiber membrane was studied in different electrolyte solutions （including NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2）, the effects of ionic strength, ion valence and pH value on the streaming potential （SP） of the membrane were investigated. The zeta potentials and surface charge densities of the membrane were estimated on the basis of Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation and Gouy-Chapmann theory. The results show that the PVB membrane has a weak negative charge due to the specific adsorption of ions. Moreover, the streaming potential, the zeta potential and the surface charge density of the membrane depend strongly on the salt concentration and the type and valence of ions. The iso-electric point （IEP） of the PVB membrane is arotmd 3.0 in the monovalent media （NaC1 and KC1） and 3.5 in divalent electrolytes （CaCl2 and MgCl2）. A few retentions were obtained for PVB membrane in low concentration solutions. This result verifies that the negative charged membrane surface can reject inorganic solutes by means of electrostatic repulsion effect even though the size of membrane pores is much larger than the size of salts.

Removal of manganese from waste water by complexation-ultrafiltration using copolymer of maleic acid and acrylic acid

Copolymer of maleic acid and acrylic acid （PMA-100）, combining with polyvinyl butyral （PVB） ultrafiltration membrane was used for the removal of Mn（II） from waste water by complexation-ultrafiltration. The carboxylic group content of PMA-100 and the rate of complexation reaction were measured. Effects of the mass ratio of PMA-100 to Mn（II） （n）, pH, background electrolyte, etc on the rejection rate （R） and permeate flux （J） were investigated. The results show that carboxylic group content of PMA-100 is 9.5 mmol/g. The complexation of Mn（II） with PMA-100 is rapid and completed within 5 min at pH 6.0. Both R and J increase with pH increasing in the range of 2.5-7.0, and R increases with the increase of n at pH 6.0 while J is little affected. The background electrolyte leads to the decrease of R, and CaCl2 has much greater effect on R than NaCl at the same ionic strength.

Effects of F127 on Properties of PVB/F127 Blend Hollow Fiber Membrane via Thermally Induced Phase Separation

Hydrophilic poly(vinyl butyral)(PVB) /Pluronic F127(F127) blend hollow fiber membranes were prepared via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS) ,and the effects of blend composition on the performance of hydrophilic PVB/F127 blend hollow fiber membrane were investigated.The addition of F127 to PVB/polyethylene glycol(PEG) system decreases the cloud point temperature,while the cloud point temperature increases slightly with the addition of F127 to 20%(by mass) PVB/F127/PEG200 system when the concentration of F127 is not higher than 5%(by mass) .Light scattering results show that the initial inter-phase periodic distance formed from the phase separation of 20%(by mass) PVB/F127/PEG200 system decreases with the addition of F127,so does the growth rate during cooling process.The blend hollow fiber membrane prepared at air-gap 5mm,of which the water permeability increases and the rejection changes little with the increase of F127 concentration.For the membrane prepared at zero air-gap,both water permeability and rejection of the PVB/F127 blend membrane are greater than those of PVB membrane,while the tensile strength changes little.Elementary analysis shows that most F127 in the polymer solution can firmly exist in the polymer matrix,increasing the hydrophilicity of the blend membrane prepared at air-gap of 5mm.

Morphology and Thermal Properties of Core-Shell PVA/PLA Ultrafine Fibers Produced by Coaxial Electrospinning

Coaxial electrospinning process was used to produce biodegradable membranes made of coreshell fibers of a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) shell and a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) core. Scanning electron microscopy analyses of these structures showed that the PLA shell can present certain porosity depending on the process condition. FTIR-ATR and contact angle measurements also suggested imprisonment of the PVA core within the PLA shell. This type of structure was also confirmed by means of transmissions electron microscopy. The morphology of these fibers was dependent on the flow rate of both core and shell solutions, and homogeneous and smooth surface was only attained when the flow rate of the external PLA solution was 4 times the flow rate of the internal PVA solution. The increase in the PLA solution flow rate increases the diameter of the core-shell fiber which reaches up to 1.7 μm. Nevertheless, fibers with smaller average diameter could also be produced (200 nm). These core-shell fibers presented improved hydrophilicity as compared with monolithic PLA fibers.

辐照改性聚乙烯醇缩甲醛精密过滤材料的制备与性能分析

聚乙烯醇缩甲醛过滤材料具有气孔细微、过滤精度高、通量大、无纤维脱落等特点,在精密过滤领域具有广阔的应用空间。本研究以聚乙烯醇PVA-1799和甲醛为主要原料,季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯为改性剂,利用γ射线辐照技术制备了改性聚乙烯醇缩甲醛(Poly(vinyl formal),PVF)过滤材料,对材料的泡孔结构、力学性能、尺寸稳定性、吸水率、耐水性能及耐油性能进行了测试与表征。结果表明,材料的孔径小于300μm,拉伸断裂强度达到3.01 MPa,撕裂强度达到13.23 MPa;以辐射技术所制备的泡沫材料尺寸稳定性良好,具有更佳的力学性能和耐油耐水性能。采用辐照技术能够简化PVF过滤材料生产工艺,减少无机酸和甲醛用量,减轻环境污染。

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混超细纤维的制备及紫外光交联研究

用静电纺丝法制备壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇的共混超细纤维,采用扫描电镜考察了纺丝液浓度、共混物配比、喷丝口内径对纤维形貌的影响.此外,为减少壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇纤维膜的溶胀变形,在上述体系中加入可光交联的单体二缩三乙二醇双甲基丙烯酸酯(TEGDMA)、引发剂2-羟基-2-甲基-1苯基丙酮(1173),对电纺纤维进行紫外光交联.结果表明,当壳聚糖与聚乙烯醇质量比为8:2的共混体系中加入占混合溶液质量分数4%的TEGDMA、0.12%的1173作为交联剂时,所得的无纺布纤维直径比较均一,平均约为200 nm,经光交联处理后其耐水性能得到提高.

三聚氰胺改性聚乙烯醇缩甲醛泡沫材料的制备与热性能

采用三聚氰胺对聚乙烯醇进行化学改性,制备了聚乙烯醇缩甲醛泡沫材料(PVFM)。探讨了材料的制备并研究了三聚氰胺用量对材料性能的影响。采用红外光谱、热失重分析法和差示扫描量热法对材料进行了测试表征。当三聚氰胺含量相对于聚乙烯醇为7.5%时,材料的拉伸强度为1.96 MPa,比未改性材料提高两倍多;初始热分解温度为322.5℃,比改性前提高了81.6℃。上述结果表明,三聚氰胺的加入明显改善了PVFM的拉伸强度和耐热性。

电纺聚乙烯醇超细纤维膜的性能研究

由电纺制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)超细纤维膜,以扫描电镜观察纤维的微观形貌,用X射线衍射研究超细纤维膜的结晶行为,并测定了PVA超细纤维膜的力学性能和吸水性.结果表明,PVA超细纤维的平均直径为(184±26)nm,超细纤维中PVA的结晶度和晶体有序程度较浇铸膜低.超细纤维膜的拉伸强度、模量和断裂伸长率均较浇铸膜差,吸水率在300%以上,高于浇铸膜.

改性木粉/PVC复合材料的性能研究

讨论了利用接枝的方法改性木粉 ,提高其与PVC树脂的界面粘合性 ,利用XPS验证接枝结果 ;测试了复合材料的拉伸、弯曲、冲击性能 ;比较了硅烷偶联剂处理、碱浸泡与硅烷偶联剂双重处理、接枝改性三种木粉处理的优劣。

聚乙烯醇缩甲醛泡沫塑料的研究进展

概述了聚乙烯醇缩甲醛(PVFM)泡沫塑料的发展现状、性能、制备方法,并详细讨论了聚乙烯醇种类、水的用量、甲醛的用量、酸的用量等工艺条件对PVFM泡沫塑料性能的影响。同时,还介绍了PVFM泡沫塑料的发泡成型方法,包括发泡剂起泡法、机械打泡法和成孔剂发泡法。最后,指出PVFM泡沫塑料目前主要应用领域为清洁和美容材料、过滤和消声材料、功能医用材料、环保和生物载体材料以及可降解复合天然高分子材料。

PVC/改性剑麻纤维木塑复合材料的紫外加速老化性能研究

采用KH-550偶联剂对剑麻纤维进行改性处理,然后与聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂、光稳定剂以及其他助剂通过塑炼、模压成型制备PVC基木塑复合材料板材,然后对其进行紫外加速老化试验。光稳定剂为自制的3种二苯甲酮类聚合型光稳定剂P(HABP-co-MTMP-co-OA)、P(HABP-co-MTMP-co-mPEGA)、P(HABP-co-MTMP-co-OA-comPEGA)与目前常用的紫外线吸收剂UV-0、UV-531。测试了老化前后的拉伸强度保持率、表面接触角、热萃取损失率变化情况对PVC/改性剑麻纤维复合材料的紫外光老化性能的影响。结果表明,添加高分子光稳定剂的PVC/改性剑麻纤维复合材料具有优于添加UV-0、UV-531紫外光吸收剂的综合耐紫外光老化性能,尤其是P(HABP-co-MTMP-co-OA-co-mPEGA)光稳定剂对木塑复合材料的紫外光老化效果最好;3种高分子光稳定剂的添加使PVC/改性剑麻纤维复合材料的表面纤维裸露程度以及微小裂纹明显少于未添加光稳定剂的PVC/改性剑麻纤维复合材料。

多孔聚乙烯醇缩甲醛凝胶力学行为对含水量变化的敏感性

通过成孔剂法制备具有连通孔结构的聚乙烯醇缩甲醛凝胶(PVFM) ,研究其在吸水膨胀脱水收缩过程中力学行为对含水量变化的响应性.实验表明多孔PVFM具有很快的吸水 脱水速度,吸水80s内就可达到最大的平衡膨胀应力,干燥4h内其膨胀应力可降低95 % ;同时还发现多孔PVFM在脱水干燥过程中出现明显的体积回弹和膨胀应力回复现象,而且压缩模量在一定范围内随含水量的减少反而降低,分析表明这些与PVFM的多孔结构、弹性网络的状态有密切关系.

皮胶原蛋白/PVA复合纤维的研制-提高初生纤维中蛋白质含量的研究

将皮胶原蛋白与PVA共混,添加交联剂和消泡剂配制纺丝原液,利用正交试验设计得到最佳的纺丝原液配方及反应条件,即反应温度为75℃,pH值3·5,PVA和胶原蛋白的物料比为6∶4,交联剂AlCl3添加量质量分数为3·0%,消泡剂磷酸三丁酯添加量质量分数1·0%。为了进一步提高初生纤维中蛋白质的存留率,通过改变凝固浴饱和硫酸钠溶液的温度和pH值,考察它们对初生纤维中蛋白质存留率的影响,结果表明:当在45℃下,凝固浴的pH值调到5·0时,得到初生纤维中蛋白质存留率最高,约为97·96%。

水性聚氨酯/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维的制备及结构研究

将水性聚氨酯(WPUR)与聚乙烯醇(PVAL)按照不同质量比制备质量分数为8%的纺丝溶液,通过静电纺丝制备WPUR/PVAL复合纳米纤维。运用扫描电子显微镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪对WPUR与PVAL质量比不同的纺丝溶液制备的复合纳米纤维的微观形貌和结构进行分析。实验结果表明,PVAL的含量对复合纳米纤维的形成和形貌起着决定性的作用,随着溶液中PVAL含量的增加,纺丝过程中纺丝液逐渐从不连续复合纳米纤维转变为连续均匀的复合纳米纤维,纤维直径逐渐增大,当纺丝液中WPUR与PVAL的质量比为30∶70时,得到的复合纳米纤维形貌最佳,其平均直径为330.8 nm,具有最小标准差,为22 nm,同时随着纺丝溶液中PVAL含量的增加,所得复合纳米纤维的结晶性能增强。

静电纺丝制备PVA/PAA/GO三元复合纤维材料

采用静电纺丝技术成功制备聚乙烯醇（ PVA）/聚丙烯酸（ PAA）/氧化石墨烯（ GO）三元复合纤维材料,分别采用扫描电子显微镜（ SEM）、傅立叶转换红外光谱（ FT-IR）等技术对复合纤维材料的形貌及组分进行了表征. 同时详细研究了制备过程中组分浓度、针头尺寸与加入量的最优条件. 结果表明,PVA的浓度在8%~9%范围内能够单独纺丝形成均匀的纤维结构,加入PAA/GO混合溶液后,控制适当粘度即可电纺成丝且热处理后形成的纤维由水溶性转变为非水溶. 本研究工作为静电纺丝复合纤维材料的设计与制备提供了有益的探索.

纤维表面处理对PVC/木纤维复合材料性能的影响

比较了两种方法处理木纤维对聚氯乙烯 (PVC) /木纤维复合材料性能的影响。结果表明 ,将木纤维先用一定浓度的NaOH溶液浸泡再用硅烷偶联剂处理时 ,木纤维在PVC基体中分散更均匀 ,与PVC界面的粘合性提高 ;复合材料的力学性能如拉伸强度、冲击强度。

宽频雷达吸波材料研究

采用常规粉体吸收剂和导电纤维作为复合吸收剂，掺混于改性聚氯乙烯基体中，制备出宽频雷达吸波材料。用弓形法测试、研究了这种复合吸波材料在2-18GHz范围内的反射率特性。通过合理组合制得的复合吸波材料的总厚度为2．8mm时，在6-18GHz范围内实现反射率小于-10dB。

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混纤维的结构与性能

采用溶液纺丝法制得壳聚糖 /聚乙烯醇共混纤维 .用 FT- IR、XRD、SEM表征了其结构并测试了其力学性能 .结果表明 ,壳聚糖与聚乙烯醇在共混纤维中具有良好的相容性 ;共混纤维的抗张强度随壳聚糖脱乙酰度的增大得到改善 ;聚乙烯醇对共混纤维的力学性能和保水性能有明显影响 .壳聚糖脱乙酰度为 90 .2 %时 ,共混纤维的抗张强度在聚乙烯醇含量为 2 0 % (wt)最大 ,其干、湿态抗张强度分别达到 1.82 c N/d和 0 .81c N/d,比纯态壳聚糖纤维的干、湿态抗张强度分别提高 2 1.3%和 14.1% ;共混纤维的保水值均高于 170 % ,大于纯态壳聚糖纤维的保水值 (12 0 % )

拉伸条件对高强PVA纤维结构和性能的影响

将聚乙烯醇(PVA)加入到二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和水(质量比94:6)的混合溶剂中,以甲醇为凝固剂,采用干湿法凝胶纺丝,经热拉伸和热定型后,制得高强度PVA纤维。探讨了拉伸工艺对高强PVA纤维结构和性能的影响。结果表明:对于负拉伸为40%,初拉伸2倍,220℃热拉伸9.9倍,热定型2 min的PVA纤维,纤维的结晶结构比较完善,断裂强度为17.8 cN/dtex,初始模量为310.7 cN/dtex;PVA纤维在光学显微镜下观察到的横纹反映出结晶聚集体的光学现象,横纹较多时,纤维的断裂强度和初始模量较高。