Effect of Nanostructures Addition and Enhancement of Poly (Vinylidene Difluoride) (PVDF) Energy Harvesting

With concerns in energy crisis and global warming, researchers are actively investigating alternative energy renewable solutions. Among the various methods, piezoelectric transduction stands out due to its impressive electromechanical coupling factor and coefficient. As a result, piezoelectric energy harvesting has garnered significant attention from the scientific community. In this study, we explored methods to enhance the piezoelectric properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) through two distinct approaches. The first approach involved applying external high voltages at various stages during the mixture reaction. The goal was to determine whether this voltage application could alter or enhance PVDF’s piezoelectric conformation by improving the alignment of polarized dipoles. In the second part of our study, we investigated the effects of incorporating various nanostructures (including Iron Oxide, Magnesium Oxide, and Zinc Oxide) into PVDF. To analyze changes in PVDF’s crystalline structure, we utilized Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. Additionally, we measured the electric polarization of samples using a Precision LC Meter and examined the morphology of nanofibers through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

Crystallization Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites

Poly（vinylidene fluoride）（PVDF）/multi-walled carbon nanotube（MWCNT） nanocomposites were prepared by means of ultrasonic dispersion method. X-ray diffraction（XRD） results indicate that incorporating MWCNTs into PVDF caused the formation of β phase. A thermal annealing at 130 ℃ confirmed that the β phase was stable in the nanocomposites. Differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） results indicate that the melting temperature slightly increased while the heat of fusion markedly decreased with increasing MWCNT content. The tensile strength and modulus of PVDF were improved by loading the MWCNTs. The scanning electron microscopy（SEM） observations showed that MWCNTs were uniformly dispersed in the PVDF matrix and an interfacial adhesion between MWCNT and PVDF was achieved, which was responsible for the enhancement in the tensile strength and modulus of PVDE.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Clay Nanocomposites by Melt Compounding

The crystalline structures, morphologies, and mechanical properties of poly（vinylidene fluoride）/clay nanocomposites were studied using X-ray diffraction（XRD）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, polarized optical microscopy（POM）, and tensile tests. The results of XRD and TEM show that organoclays are dispersed in the poly（vinylidene fluoride）（PVDF） matrix. A clay-induced crystal transformation from α-phase to β-phase of PVFD was confirmed by XRD and FTIR. Clay layers restricted the growth of spherulite. The tensile tests indicate that the tensile modulus and yield strength as well as the elongation at break decrease when clay is loaded.

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE) IN MOLTEN STATE

The theological behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)samples of different molecular weights was investigated by means of high pressure capillary rheometer and rotational rheometer.Information on the rheological properties of such materials above melt temperatures is of interest as this can lead to an improved understanding of polymer behavior in processing and fabrication technologies.Shift factors derived from time-temperature superposition showed good fit to the Arrhenius equation with a flow activa...

Fabrication of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane via thermally induced phase separation using ionic liquid as green diluent

Ionic liquid(IL),1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([BMIM]PF6)as a new and environmentally friendly diluent was introduced to prepare poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)membranes via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS).Phase diagram of PVDF/[BMIM]PF6 was measured.The effects of polymer concentration and quenching temperature on the morphologies,properties,and performances of the PVDF membranes were investigated.When the polymer concentration was 15 wt%,the pure water flux of the fabricated membrane was up to nearly 2000 L·m-2·h-1,along with adequate mechanical strength.With the increasing of PVDF concentration and quenching temperature,mean pore size and water permeability of the membrane decreased.SEM results showed that PVDF membranes manufactured by ionic liquid(BMIm PF6)presented spherulite structure.And the PVDF membranes were represented asβphase by XRD and FTIR characterization.It provides a new way to prepare PVDF membranes with piezoelectric properties.

A FACILE APPROACH FOR THE SURFACE MODIFICATION OF POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE) MEMBRANE VIA SURFACE-INITIATED ATOM TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION

A novel approach for the surface modification of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)membrane was successfully realized through alkaline treatment,UV-induced bromine addition,and followed by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP)of methyl methacrylate(MMA).Chemical changes on the PVDF membrane before and after modification were analyzed with attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR/FT-IR)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Primary kinetic study revealed...

Molecular Modulation of Structure and Ferroelectric Performance of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)Free Standing Films from Aspects of Molecular Weight and Crystallization Temperature

Ferroelectric polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)has received great research interest because of its special electroactive properties which are strongly dependent on the crystalline structures and in turn processing conditions.The effect of molecular weight and crystallization temperature on the micro-structure and macro-properties of PVDF films casted from dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)solvent is investigated.The results demonstrated that a low molecular weight(180 kg/mol)and a low evaporation temperature(50℃)favored the formation of polarγ-phase,while a high molecular weight(1000 kg/mol)and a high evaporation temperature(125℃)made PVDF crystallize intoα-phase.Compared with films casted at 50℃,films casted at 125℃exhibited higher dielectric loss at a low electric field and less loss conductivity at a high electric field,which was due to their low degrees of crystallinity and fine evaporation of the solvent,respectively.PVDF with a molecular weight of 180 kg/mol casted at 125℃exhibited the highest remnant polarization(0.062 C/m^(2))among all of the solution-processed films,being a result of high chain mobility resulted from the low molecular weight.

Highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells with strong hydrophobic barrier via introducing poly(vinylidene fluoride)additive

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have become the promising next-generation photovoltaic devices due to their excellent photoelectric performances,and the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)have experienced unprecedented rapid increase in recent years.However,to realize the practical application of PSCs,high performance and long-term stability are required and the preparation of high-quality perovskite film is the key.Herein,we adopt a simple and effective method to prepare high-quality perovskite films by introducing the poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)polymer additive with abundant hydrophobic F.As the growth template,the PVDF promotes the growth of perovskite crystal,improves the crystallinity and film morphology,thus reducing defect density and inhibiting carrier recombination.The results show that the photovoltaic performances of the perovskite device with PVDF are meaningfully improved,and a high PCE of 21.42%is achieved with an improvement of 10.87%,More importantly,the PVDF-based perovskites display greatly enhanced humidity and heat stability due to the protection of strong hydrophobic barrier from F and PVDF long chain.Aging at 45%±5%relative humidity(RH)for 2400 h and 850 C for300 h,respectively,the unsealed PVDF devices can maintain over 90%of the initial PCE.It indicates that suitable polymer additives can improve the film quality to acquire high-performance and stable PSCs and lay a foundation to design new perovskite light absorption layer with different polymers for the further development of PSCs.

Fabrication of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) /Polysulfone Flat Blend Membranes via Thermally Induced Phase Separation Process for Water Treatment

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) /polysulfone(PVDF/PSF) flat blend membrane was prepared via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS) technique.The membrane formation mechanism and membrane structure were investigated and the effects of PSF/PVDF weight ratio on morphology,crystallinity,porosity,and mechanical properties of the membrane were discussed.The relationship between membrane structure and performances,such as pure water flux and the rejection of carbonic black,was also discussed.It was found that solid-liquid(S-L) phase separation occurred for the PVDF/PSF/diluent system.The addition of PSF influences structure and crystallinity of the membrane,which in turn influences mechanical properties and performances of the membrane.The results reveal that it is possible to obtain network structure via S-L phase separation by blending the polymer,which has a partial compatibility with PVDF.

Determining the degree of grafting for poly(vinylidene fluoride) graft-copolymers using fluorine elemental analysis

Acrylic acid (AAc) and styrene (St) were grafted onto poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) powder or membrane samples by pre-irradiation graft copolymerization.The grafted chains were proved by FT-IR spectroscopy analysis.The degree of grafting (DG) of the grafted PVDF was determined by fluorine elemental analysis (FEA) method,and was compared with the DGs determined by weighing method,acid-base back titration method and quantitative FT-IR method.The results show that the FEA method is accurate,convenient and universal,especially for the grafted polymer powders.

Synergistic coupling among Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5),polycarbonate and N,Ndimethylformamide enhances the electrochemical performance of PVDF-HFP-based solid electrolyte

Polymer solid electrolytes(SPEs)based on the[solvate-Li+]complex structure have promising prospects in lithium metal batteries(LMBs)due to their unique ion transport mechanism.However,the solvation structure may compromise the mechanical performance and safety,hindering practical application of SPEs.In this work,a composite solid electrolyte(CSE)is designed through the organic-inorganic syner-gistic interaction among N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF),polycarbonate(PC),and Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5) in poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP).Flame-retardant Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5) nanowires provide non-flammability to the prepared CSEs,and the addition of PC improves the dispersion of Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5) nanowires.Simultaneously,the organic-inorganic synergistic action of PC plasticizer and Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5) nanowires pro-motes the dissociation degree of LiTFSI and reduces the crystallinity of PVDF-HFP,enabling rapid Li ion transport.Additionally,Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations confirm the coordination between Mg atoms in Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5) and N atoms in DMF,which exhibits Lewis base-like behavior attacking adjacent C-F and C-H bonds in PVDF-HFP while inducing dehydrofluorination of PVDF-HFP.Based on the syner-gistic coupling of Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5),PC,and DMF in the PVDF-HFP matrix,the prepared CSE exhibits superior ion conductivity(9.78×10^(-4) s cm^(-1)).The assembled Li symmetric cells cycle stably for 3900 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm^(-2) without short circuit.The LFP||Li cells assembled with PDL-Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5)/PC CSEs show excellent rate capability and cycling performance,with a capacity retention of 83.3%after 1000 cycles at 0.5 C.This work provides a novel approach for the practical application of organic-inorganic Synergistic CSEs in LMBs.

Effects of Stretching Ratio and Temperature on Phase Transition of Melt-spun Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Fibers

The effects of stretching ratio and stretching temperature on pbase transition of melt-spun poly （ vinylidene fluoride ） fibers were investigated and analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy, wide angle X- ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy. The β phase exists in the as-spun fiber. The β phase content increases as the stretching ratio increases. When the stretching temperature is lower than 100 ℃ , enhancing temperature is good for the transition of phase a to ft. By contrast, when the stretching temperature is higher than 100 ℃ , enhancing temperature is unfavourable for the transition of phase a to β. Increasing the draw temperature increases the α-phase content.

Rotational Isomeric State Model of Poly(vinylidene chloride) Based Upon ab Initio Electronic Structure Calculations

The rotational isomeric state（RIS） model was constructed for poly（vinylidene chloride）（PVDC） based on quantum chemistry calculations. The statistical weighted parameters were obtained from RIS representations and ab initio energies of conformers for model molecules 2,2,4,4-tetrachloropentane（TCP） and 2,2,4,4,6, 6-hexachloroheptane（HCH）. By employing the RIS method, the characteristic ratio C∞ was calculated for PVDC. The calculated characteristic ratio for PVDC is in good agreement with experiment result. Additionally, we studied the influence of the statistical weighted parameters on C∞ by calculating δC∞/δlnw. According to the values of δC∞/δlnw, the effects of second-order Cl-CH2 pentane type interaction and C1--C1 long range interaction on C∞ were found to be important. In contrast, first-order interaction is unimportant.

The Effects of Radiationon Crystal Transformationsof Poly（vinylidenefluoride）

his paper covers the effects of γ-radiation on crystal transformations of Poly-(vinylidene fluoride)before and after drawing as well as during annealing process.The results show that the drawing results in a drastic increase in both crystallinityalong the meridian direction and β-form crystal content for the irradiated samples.When the drawn samples were irradiated under appropriate dose and then annealedat 140℃ , transformation from β-form to a-form was subjected to an inhibition.The transformation mechanisms between the two types of crystals are discussed onthe basis of results of WAXD and DSC.

High permeability poly(vinylidene fluoride)ultrafiltration membrane doped with polydopamine modified TiO_(2) nanoparticles

In order to improve the water permeability of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)ultrafiltration(UF)membranes with low molecular weight cut-off(MWCO),polydopamine(PDA)was employed in the membrane preparation process.Owing to itsmerits of material-independent adhesion,PDAwas coated on inorganic particles or added in coagulation bath to tailor the final membrane structure and property.The introduction of PDA broke through the permeability/selectivity trade-off of the PVDF membrane.By adding the PDA coated titaniumdioxide(PDA/TiO2)nanoparticles,water flux increased by 287% while MWCO kept similar with the pristine PVDF membrane.Thermodynamics and Kinetics of the PVDF/additives/non-solvent were analyzed and shown that nanoparticles reduced the thermodynamic stability and increased the phase separation speed,and the speed can be adjusted using different nanoparticles.Additionally,X-ray diffraction(XRD)test indicated that PVDF crystalline form changed fromαphase to β phase after adding different nanoparticles.Permeability/selectivity trade-offwas broken through by DA addition in coagulation bath.Compared with the original PVDF membrane,when the DA concentration of the coagulation bath was 2.0 g·L^−1,water flux increased by 312%,and MWCO of the PVDF membrane ranged in 10,000 to 20,000 Da as well as contact angle decreased from 81.4°to 45°.

Preparation and characterization of the antifouling porous membranes from poly(vinylidene fluoride)-graft-poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) powders

Porous membranes were prepared using the phase inversion method from poly(vinylidene fluoride)-graftpoly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)(PVDF-g-PVP) powders, which were synthesized via γ-ray induced graft polymerization(pre-irradiation). Chemical compositions, thermal behavior, morphology and hydrophilicity of the membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, element analysis, thermalgravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements, respectively. Permeation experiments were conducted to evaluate the water flux,and the dynamic BSA fouling resistance performances were investigated, too. All the experimental results indicate that the PVDF-g-PVP membranes demonstrate better separation performances over the pristine PVDF membrane.

静电纺丝聚偏氟乙烯压电仿生骨膜的生物相容性评价

背景:课题组前期研究发现,静电纺丝聚偏氟乙烯仿生骨膜具有良好的细胞相容性,但其生物相容性尚不清楚。目的:评价掺Zn2+、Mg2+聚偏氟乙烯仿生骨膜的生物相容性。方法:取前期研究采用静电纺丝技术制备的聚偏氟乙烯、掺1%Zn2+聚偏氟乙烯、掺1%Mg2+聚偏氟乙烯、掺1%Zn2++1%Mg2+聚偏氟乙烯仿生骨膜,制备各组仿生骨膜浸提液,选择SD大鼠为实验对象,进行溶血实验、短期全身毒性实验、热源实验,选择豚鼠为实验对象,进行皮肤致敏实验,检测4组仿生骨膜的生物相容性。结果与结论:①溶血实验结果显示,掺1%Zn2+聚偏氟乙烯、掺1%Mg2+聚偏氟乙烯、掺1%Zn2++1%Mg2+聚偏氟乙烯仿生骨膜及聚偏氟乙烯浸提液的溶血率分别为(0.130±0.013)%,(0.149±0.020)%,(0.466±0.018)%,(0.037±0.018)%,符合生物材料血液相容性性标准;②短期全身毒性实验结果显示,4组仿生骨膜浸提液灌胃干预后未引起SD大鼠体质量减轻、摄食量变化及呼吸困难等毒性体征,对大鼠的主要脏器无毒性作用;③热源实验结果显示,掺1%Zn2+聚偏氟乙烯、掺1%Mg2+聚偏氟乙烯、掺1%Zn2++1%Mg2+聚偏氟乙烯及聚偏氟乙烯仿生骨膜浸提液干预后,SD大鼠体温升高值分别为(0.133±0.058),(0.100±0.010),(0.300±0.010),(0.300±0.017)℃,均小于0.6℃,体温升高度数总和均小于1.4℃;④皮肤致敏实验结果显示,4组仿生骨膜浸提液干预后豚鼠皮下未见红斑与水肿。结果表明:聚偏氟乙烯与掺Zn2+、Mg2+聚偏氟乙烯仿生骨膜具有良好的生物相容性。

聚偏氟乙烯及其共聚物涂覆聚烯烃隔膜的研究进展

隔膜是锂离子电池(LIB)的重要组成部分,对电池的容量、循环、耐久性以及安全性能等特性有较大影响。聚烯烃微孔膜具有良好的机械强度、化学和电化学稳定性高、低成本、高孔隙率和适当的热关断性能,,被广泛用作LIB隔膜。但聚烯烃微孔膜存在高温热收缩和电解液润湿性差等问题,降低了电池的安全性和电化学性能。聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)及其共聚物具有优异的电化学稳定性、化学稳定性、加工性能、介电性能等,通过在聚烯烃隔膜上涂覆PVDF及其共聚物,可显著改善隔膜的热稳定性和润湿性能。本文综述了PVDF及其共聚物涂覆聚烯烃隔膜的研究进展,并对PVDF及其共聚物涂覆聚烯烃隔膜的发展方向进行了展望。

高含量β相PVDF薄膜的制备技术及相形成机理研究进展

压电材料广泛应用于滤波器、微位移器、驱动器和传感器等电子器件中,在卫星广播、电子设备、生物以及航空航天等高新技术领域也有着重要的地位。压电材料主要分为单晶体压电材料、多晶体压电材料、高分子压电材料和聚合物-压电陶瓷复合材料。其中高分子压电材料如PVDF具有良好的柔韧性、优异的热电和铁电性能,从而受到学者的广泛关注。本文对溶液浇铸、静电纺丝和拉伸这三种制备高含量β相PVDF的工艺方法进行了总结,指出了工艺种类和工艺参数对β相生成的影响,探讨了不同加工工艺下相转变的机理,并对高含量β相PVDF薄膜制备技术、相形成机理及PVDF薄膜的应用发展趋势进行了展望。

BN粒子改性PVDF电纺纤维膜插层增强碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层间韧性

针对纤维增强复合材料层压板的分层失效问题,本文提出了一种氮化硼(BN)粒子改性聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)电纺纤维膜以插层方式增强碳纤维/环氧树脂(CF/EP)复合材料层间断裂韧性的方法。通过超声处理将BN均匀分散于PVDF溶液中,利用静电纺丝方法制备了BN改性PVDF纤维膜(BN&PVDF),作为插层材料被引入碳纤维的层间,采用手工铺设-真空热压法制备BN&PVDF增强CF/EP复合材料层压板(BN&PVDF-CF/EP)。重点研究了BN粒子含量对改性PVDF电纺纤维膜增强CF/EP层间断裂韧性的影响及相关增韧机理。研究结果显示:当BN含量为3.2wt%时,BN&PVDF电纺纤维膜的增韧效果最好,相对于CF/EP,BN&PVDF-CF/EP的Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性提高了129.6%,Ⅱ型层间断裂韧性提高了160.6%;BN粒子引入后,提高了PVDF的拉伸强度和模量;SEM分析显示,BN粒子被部分镶嵌于PVDF纤维上,提高了PVDF纤维表面的粗糙度,增强了PVDF纤维与基体的界面相互作用,引起了更加复杂的增韧形式并提高了PVDF纤维的增韧效果。