Self-metathesis of 1-butene to ethene and hexene over molybdenum-based heterogeneous catalysts

A novel route involving self‐metathesis of1‐butene under mild conditions that gave high yields ofethene and hexene was proposed.The results of thermodynamic analysis revealed that the Gibbsenergy of the target Metathesis I reaction(1‐butene?ethene+3‐hexene)was much higher thanthat of the main side Metathesis II(1‐butene+2‐butene?propene+2‐pentene).Suppression of1‐butene double‐bond isomerization was the key step to increase the selectivity for the target olefinin the reaction network.The relationship between the catalytic performance and support nature was investigated in detail.On basis of H2‐TPR,UV‐Vis spectra and HRTEM results,an alumina(Al2O3)support with large surface area was beneficial for the dispersion of molybdenum(Mo)species.Both suitable acidity and sufficient Mo dispersion were important to selectively promote the self‐metathesis reaction of1‐butene.On the optimal6Mo/Al2O3catalyst,1‐butene conversion reached47%and ethene selectivity was as high as42%on the premise of good catalytic stability(80°C,1.0MPa,3h?1).?2018,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Published by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

Preparation of phosphorus-modified PITQ-13 catalysts and their performance in 1-butene catalytic cracking

A series of phosphorus-modified PITQ-13 catalysts was prepared by wet impregnation of NH4H2PO4 solution into an HITQ-13 parent. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, N2 adsorption, MAS NMR and NH3-TPD. Their catalytic performance in 1-butene catalytic cracking was evaluated in a fixed fluidized bed reactor. The results showed that the crystallinity, surface area and pore volume of P-modified PITQ-13 catalysts decreased with the increasing amounts of P. The number of weak acid sites increased, whereas that of strong acidity decreased. The selectivity to propylene in 1-butene cracking reactions increased because of the decrease in strong acidity. The yield of propylene achieved 41.6% over PITQ-13-2 catalyst with a P content of 1.0 wt%, which was 5.1% greater than that achieved over HITQ-13 catalyst.

1-丁烯/丙烯共聚物的合成及结晶行为

使用最新开发的负载型Ziegler-Natta催化剂合成1-丁烯/丙烯共聚物,催化剂活性可达9 kg/(g·h)以上。采用13C NMR,IR,XRD,DSC等方法对所得共聚物的组成、链结构和结晶行为进行表征。实验结果表明,1-丁烯/丙烯共聚物中连续排列的丙烯单元结构含量少,IR谱图和XRD谱图中未出现聚丙烯晶体对应的特征峰,表明丙烯很好地参与了共聚反应;^(13)C NMR谱图分析计算结果表明,共聚物中丙烯含量为3.3%~18.9%(x)。在实验条件范围内,共聚单体丙烯的引入可加速共聚物由晶型Ⅱ向晶型Ⅰ转变,当丙烯含量不低于7.8%(x)时,晶型Ⅱ在48 h内基本转变为晶型Ⅰ(占比不低于96.2%);当丙烯含量不低于12.6%(x)时,晶型Ⅱ在24 h内基本转变为晶型Ⅰ(占比不低于96.1%)。

1-Butene isomerization and metathesis over Mo/mordenite-alumina: Factors influencing product distribution and induction period

Effects of space velocity, reaction temperature and support acidity on product distribution and induction period in 1-butene isomerization and metathesis over Mo/mordenite-alumina were investigated. As revealed by the catalytic performance results, induction period and objective product were closely related to the reaction conditions. Lower space velocity led to longer induction period and higher propene yield. The optimal reaction temperature for propene production is around 150 ~C and it shifted to 100 ~C for ethene production. 1-Butene auto-metathesis predominated in the reaction network if the support with lower degree of sodium exchanged. And propene gradually became the dominant product upon increasing the support sodium exchange degree. 6Mo/H100Na0M-30A1 catalyst with a support of full sodium exchange degree exhibited the highest propene yield.

Production of propene from 1-butene metathesis reaction on tungsten based heterogeneous catalysts

A new propene production route from 1-butene metathesis has been developed on heterogeneous 10WO3/Al2O3-HY catalysts with different HY contents. It is found that the catalysts play bi-functionally first for the isomerization of 1-butene to 2-butene and then for the cross-metathesis between 1-butene and 2-butene to propene and 2-pentene. The combination of HY zeolite and Al2O3 is prerequisite for the production of propene. The propene yield keeps increasing with the HY content in the range of 10-70 wt%, where 10WO3/Al2O3-70HY exhibits the highest propene yield. The MS-H2-TPR and MS-O2-TPO characterizations indicate that the increase of HY content in the catalysts weakens the interaction between W species and supports, whereas enhance the probability of coking on the metal species and acid sites.

双模板剂调控SAPO-34对1-丁烯催化裂解的影响

利用水热合成法,通过调控模板剂吗啡啉和四乙基氢氧化铵物质的量比[n(MOR)∶n(TEAOH)]合成出不同SAPO-34分子筛。采用XRD、SEM、NH_(3)-TPD等测试方法对合成样品进行表征,并考察其在1-丁烯催化裂解制丙烯反应中的催化性能。结果表明,双模板剂相比单模板剂制得的SAPO-34分子筛具有不同的酸性和颗粒尺寸,适宜的[n(MOR)∶n(TEAOH)]可以协同SAPO-34分子筛有更弱的酸强度和B酸酸位,从而抑制裂解过程中氢转移反应的发生。当n(MOR)∶n(TEAOH)=2.0∶0.5时可以最大程度的提升丙烯产率和选择性,在1-丁烯催化裂解制丙烯中具有最高的丙烯产率和丙烯选择性,分别为37.03%和45.78%,可以有效应用于1-丁烯催化裂解反应。

MCM-36 zeolites tailored with acidic ionic liquid to regulate adsorption properties of isobutane and 1-butene

Adsorption properties of an adsorbent or a catalyst towards adsorbates are crucial in the process of adsorption separation or catalytic reaction. Surface morphology and structure of adsorbents have a significant impact on the adsorption properties. In this study, a novel acidic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-(triethoxysilylpropyl)imidazolium hydrogen sulfate(i.e., [BTPIm][HSO_4]), was synthesized and subsequently grafted onto the MCM-36 zeolite for the regulation of its adsorption properties towards isobutane and 1-butene. The resultant [BTPIm][HSO_4]-immobilized MCM-36(i.e., MCM-36-IL) was characterized by FT-IR, XPS, XRD, SEM, TG/DTG and N_2 adsorption–desorption measurement. It was found that the specific surface area, micropore volume and mesopore volume of the MCM-36 support underwent a reduction upon the immobilization of ionic liquid,while the surface density of acid increased from 0.0014 to 0.0035 mmol·m^(-2). The adsorption capacity of isobutane and 1-butene on the MCM-36-IL was determined by a static volumetric method. Results demonstrated that the interaction between isobutane and MCM-36-IL was enhanced and the interaction between 1-butene and MCM-36-IL was reduced. As a result, a tunable adsorption ratio of isobutane/1-butene on MCM-36 was achieved.With the increase in surface density of acid and the tunable adsorption ratio of isobutane and 1-butene on the functionalized MCM-36, the acidic ionic liquid-immobilized zeolites are beneficial to obtain an improved reaction yield and a prolonged catalyst life in the reactions catalyzed by solid acid.

DFT Studies on the Isomerization of Butene Double Bond Catalyzed by 1-Butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium in Ionic Liquid

The geometries of reactant, product and transition state of the title reaction have been optimized by using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and B3LYP/6- 311++G(d,p) levels. The variations of the bond parameters in the course of reaction were analyzed. The zero point energy corrections were performed by vibrational analysis. The equilibrium states and the transition state were verified according to the number of virtue frequency of geometry. The intrinsic reaction coordinates (IRC) were calculated from the transition state. The calculated results show that the double bond rearrangement of butene catalyzed by 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium cation is a one-step reaction. The forward energy barrier of isomerization from 1-butene to 2- butene is about 193 kJ·mol-1 and the reverse energy barrier about 209 kJ·mol-1 at the B3LYP/6- 31G(d,p) level, which means that the reaction is easy to proceed at or above room temperature.

Analysis of Operating Variables in the Catalytic Purification of Butene-1 in a Trickle Bed

A mathematical model for analyzing and simulating selective hydrogenation of butyne-1 and 1,3-bu-tadiene in industrial trickle bed reactors operated to obtain high purity butene-1 is presented in this work.Fromthe analysis of typical operating conditions,only the relevant phenomena are finally retained in the model formu-lation.The model is then employed to analyze the effect of operating variables and catalyst selectivity in processperformance.In particular,the search for the minimum hydrogen flow rate necessary to fulfil butene-1 purityspecifications is undertaken.

丁烯-1装置运行分析及工艺优化

为实现清晰分离MTBE合成装置醚后碳四资源,减少资源浪费,新建丁烯-1装置。丁烯-1装置开工以来,存在丁烯-1产品质量低、收率低的问题。通过对丁烯-1装置运行情况进行分析,从调整丁烯-1装置反应加氢量和反应温度、选择塔灵敏板位置、调整塔灵敏板温度方面入手,给出了相应的工艺优化对策,从而满足下游装置需求,实现丁烯-1产品自给自足,降低生产成本。

丙烯/1-丁烯共聚合的工业化实践

一般的无规共聚聚丙烯通过共单体的引入破坏聚丙烯分子链的规整性,降低球晶尺寸实现聚合物的透明化,同时提高产品抗冲击性能。然而,当选用乙烯为共单体时,较低的刚性以及较高含量的正己烷抽提物使其无法满足卫生要求较高的食品和医疗用品领域。当选用1-丁烯作为共聚单体时,可有效克服乙烯作为共聚单体时的不足。通过对聚丙烯装置进行技术改造以及生产工艺控制和优化,开发出丙烯/1-丁烯共聚技术及其聚丙烯新产品,应用于食品包装、医疗卫生等领域。

ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF RADIUS OF GYRATION OF CHAINS IN THE MELT IN THE CRYSTALIZATION OF POLY(1-BUTENE)

Crystallization in polymer systems actually is a process that transfers the entangled melts into a semi-crystalline layered structure. Whether or not a chain disentangles may result in different crystallization mechanism. When compared to the crystal thickness (d(c)), the volume occupied by the chain in the melts i.e., the radius of gyration (R-g), plays a very important role in polymer crystallization. When d(c) less than or equal to R-g, crystallization does not necessitate a chain disentangling. The entanglements are just shifted into the amorphous regions. However, as d(c)>R-g, i.e., as the crystal thickness gets larger than the radius of gyration of the chain in the melt, it becomes necessary for a chain to disentangle. Then a change of crystallization mechanism occurs. Such change has been experimentally observed in the crystallization of poly(I-butene). A change in the crystal morphologies from spherulite to quadrangle, is seen via PLM, as crystallization temperatures increase. Even more, such a change is molecular weight dependent, and shifts to lower temperature as molecular weight decreases. There exists a jump of crystal thickness and crystallinity associated with morphological change, as seen via SAXS. A change of crystallization kinetics and crystallinity is further evidenced via dilatometry. The unique feature of P1b crystallization has been discussed based on the radius of gyration of chain in the melt (R-g), and very good agreement is obtained.

Approximate Expressions to Evaluate the Performance in Butene-1 Purification Units

1 INTRODUCTIONSelective hydrogenatioll of small amounts of butynes and butadiene is industrially employedfor obtaining high purity butene-l used as co-monomer in the production of linear low-densitypolyethyene.For this purpose,the content of vinylacetylene.butyne-l and 1,3-butadiene presentin the process stream should be reduced to a few tens of ppm.

甲基叔丁基醚/丁烯-1装置工艺技术探讨

甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)是一种重要的化工原料,可以作为汽油添加剂提高汽油的辛烷值;而丁烯-1则是聚乙烯装置的共聚单体,也可以用来生产甲乙酮、戊醛、异葵醇等精细化产品,具有广泛的功能和用途。随着MTBE/丁烯-1工艺技术的不断发展和装置规模的不断扩大,结合两套不同MTBE/丁烯-1装置的工艺技术特点,在反应催化剂的经济性、综合能耗的优异性以及化工生产的清洁性等方面进行了深入的对比和总结,分析了MTBE/丁烯-1工艺技术的不同所具有的不同优势以及潜在的发展空间,为同行业,同装置的设计和运行工作者提供了参考思路和方向。

Dehydrogenation of n-Butane to Butenes and 1,3-Butadiene over PtAg/Al₂O₃Catalysts in the Presence of H₂

The Al2O3-supported PtAg catalysts were prepared and evaluated for the dehydrogenation of n-butane at 550°C in the presence of H2. The PtAg/Al2O3 catalyst prepared by an impregnation method using the Cl- removing Pt/Al2O3 and AgNO3 showed a higher activity and selectivity to butenes and 1,3-butadiene compared to the Pt/Al2O3 catalyst, but a large amount of coke (about 30 wt% versus the catalyst weight) was formed during the dehydrogenation. The free Ag metal on the prepared catalyst dramatically promoted the coke formation, because the dehydrogenation of 1-butene over the Ag/Al2O3 catalyst produced a large amount of coke. The Cl- addition to the Cl- free Pt/Al2O3 catalyst decreased the coke formation by the reaction of the free Ag particles and Cl to form AgCl which was inactive for the coke formation. The highest initial conversion (50.3%) was obtained with the selectivity to butenes and 1,3-butadiene (butenes = 80.2% and 1,3-butadiene = 5.9%) when the PtAg/Al2O3 catalyst modified with Cl- was used.

3-甲基-3-丁烯-1-醇的合成

3-甲基-3-丁烯-1-醇通常采用多聚甲醛充分解聚完成后与异丁烯在有机碱催化下进行Prins反应得到。传统方法使用甲醇作为溶剂时,容易和甲醛缩合降低收率;而使用叔丁醇作为溶剂,回收时易凝固导致管道堵塞。采用甲缩醛作为溶剂不仅解决了上述问题,还在此基础上研究管式反应合成3-甲基-3-丁烯-1-醇,并对解聚条件和Prins缩合条件进行优化,得到最佳的反应条件。大幅减少了反应时间,反应效率提高。

Crystallization and Crystalline Structure of Syndiotactic Polypropylene and Syndiotactic-Poly(1-Butene) Blend

The crystallization and crystalline structure of syndiotactic-polypropylene (sPP) and syndiotactic-poly(1-butene) (sPB) blend containing 10 (Bl-10), 25 (Bl-25), 50 (Bl-50), 75 (Bl-75), and 90 (Bl-90) wt% of sPB, have been investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FT-IR, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analyses. The melt-crystallization behavior of the blend samples was studied by DSC on the cooling process at constant rates. Bl-50, Bl-75, and Bl-90 showed lower crystallization temperatures than the neat sPP. sPP in Bl-75 showed the lowest crystallization rate among the blend samples. Bl-90 showed a two-phase molten state, and sPP in Bl-90 crystallized via two-stepprocess. Time evolution of FT-IR spectroscopy at room temperature detected conformational transformation of the sPP polymer chain in the blend samples of Bl-50 and Bl-75. The absorption peaks intensity in the FT-IR spectra derived from the helical conformations in the crystalline phase decreased, and the planar zigzag conformations in the amorphous and mesophase phases decreased over the crystallization time. The time evolution of the WAXD profile of Bl-90 indicated that sPP in the blend accelerated the crystallization of sPB. The crystallized Bl-10, Bl-25, and Bl-50 samples showed diffraction peaks in WAXD profiles and melting endothermic peak in DSC profiles derived from only the sPP crystal. The crystallinity and melting temperature of sPP in the crystallized Bl-10, Bl-25, and Bl-50 samples were almost independent of the sPB content. Both the crystalline structure of sPP and sPB were detected in Bl-75 and Bl-90. Bl-75 showed the lowest crystallinity and melting temperature of sPP among the blend samples.

Apparent Kinetics of 1-Decene Polymerization Catalyzed Using the Ionic Liquid[Bmim]_(x)[C_(2)H_(5)NH_(3)]_(1-x)[Al_(2)Cl_(7)]

Poly-α-olefin(PAO)synthetic oil,a regular long-chain alkane produced from the catalytic polymerization ofα-olefin,is a high-quality lubricating base oil with huge market potential.In this study,PAO synthesis based on the catalytic polymerization of 1-decene using the ionic liquid(IL)[Bmim]_(x)[C_(2)H_(5)NH_(3)]_(1-x)[Al_(2)Cl_(7)]as the catalyst was studied.Compared with the conventional catalyst[Bmim][Al_(2)Cl_(7)],the obtained PAO product incorporates more trimers and tetramers of 1-decene and contains few double-bond end groups,demonstrating a better catalytic system for PAO-10 production.The apparent polymerization kinetics of 1-decene in this catalytic system were studied based on the 1-decene concentration,catalyst concentration,and reaction temperature.An apparent kinetic equation for PAO formation was determined,providing a promising strategy for PAO production using 1-decene polymerization.

促进聚丁烯-1晶型转变方法研究进展

高等规聚丁烯-1(i PB-1)材料具有优异的耐环境应力开裂性、耐热蠕变性和低温韧性,被誉为“塑料中的软黄金”。但在加工过程中,i PB-1熔体冷却不能直接形成具有优异力学性能的晶型Ⅰ结构,而是优先形成亚稳态的晶型Ⅱ结构,然后缓慢转变为稳定的晶型Ⅰ结构,这大大延长了工业生产周期,增加了生产成本。国内外学者就促进i PB-1晶型转变进行了大量研究和探索。文章梳理了iPB-1晶型转变机理、促进iPB-1晶型转变的方法,并对PB-1的发展前景进行了展望。

1,4-丁二醇选择性催化脱水制备3-丁烯-1-醇的工艺技术

探讨了1,4-丁二醇选择性催化脱水制备3-丁烯-1-醇的工艺技术。探讨了焙烧温度、金属氧化物掺杂,以及气液比、反应温度对反应工艺的影响,并分析了催化剂的性能表征。结果显示:在CaO-ZrO_(2)类催化剂中掺杂SnO_(2)和Bi_(2)O_(3),可提升1,4-丁二醇转化率及3-丁烯-1-醇收率;反应温度与焙烧温度相同时,CaO-ZrO_(2)-SnO_(2)催化剂的催化性能更好;在380℃的反应温度下,CaO-ZrO_(2)-SnO_(2)作催化剂,1,4-丁二醇转化率及3-丁烯-1-醇收率达到最佳。研究结果对利用1,4-丁二醇选择性脱水制备3-丁烯-1-醇的工艺开发具有参考价值。