Density Functional Theory Study of Marine Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Anaerobic Degradation

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)are a kind of serious pollutants in the ocean.Biodegradation is considered as an economical and safe way for PBDEs removal and reductive debromination dominates the initial pathway of anaerobic degradation.On the basis of experimental study,Octa-BDE 197,Hepta-BDE 183,Hexa-BDE 153,Penta-BDE 99 and Tetra-BDE 47 were selected as the initial degradation objects,and their debromination degradation were studied using density functional theory.The structures were optimized by Gaussian 09 program.Furthermore,the molecular orbitals and charge distribution were analyzed.All C-Br bond dissociation energies at different positions including ortho,meta and para bromine atoms were calculated and the sequence of debromination was obtained.There is a close relationship between molecular structure,charge,molecular orbital and C-Br bond.All PBDEs exhibited similar debromination pathways with preferential removal of meta and para bromines.

Research on Thermodynamic Properties of Polybrominated Diphenylamine by Neural Network

Based on the location of bromine substituents and conjugation matrix, a new substituent po- sition index ~X not only was defined, but also molecular shape indexes Km and electronega- tivity distance vectors Mm of diphenylamine and 209 kinds of polybrominated diphenylamine （PBDPA） molecules were calculated. Then the quantitative structure-property relationships （QSPR） among the thermodynamic properties of 210 organic pollutants and 0X, K3, M29, M36 were founded by Leaps-and-Bounds regression. Using the four structural parameters as input neurons of the artificial neural network, three satisfactory QSPR models with network structures of 4：21：1, 4：24：1, and 4：24：1 respectively, were achieved by the back-propagation algorithm. The total correlation coefficients R were 0.9999, 0.9997, and 0.9995 respectively and the standard errors S were 1.036, 1.469, and 1.510 respectively. The relative mean deviation between the predicted value and the experimental value of Sθ, AfHe and △fGθ- were 0.11%, 0.34% and 0.24% respectively, which indicated that the QSPR models had good stability and superior predictive ability. The results showed that there were good nonlinear correlations between the thermodynamic properties of PBDPAs and the four structural pa- rameters. Thus, it was concluded that the ANN models established by the new substituent position index were fully applicable to predict properties of PBDPAs.

Ecotoxicological effects of mixed pollutants resulted from e-wastes recycling and bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Chinese loach(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)

To understand potential ecotoxicological effects of electrical and electronic equipment waste （e-waste） recycling and polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） bioaccumulation in loaches, a semi-field experiment using Chinese loach （Misgurnus anguiUicaudatus） as experimental fish was performed. Larval loaches were kept in net-cage for three months in an e-wastes recycling site and a reference site in Southeastern China. There was significant difference of the survival rate between the loaches from the e-wastes recycling site （27%, 19/70） and from reference site （70%, 49/70）. Histopathological responses were also found in all the livers examined in loaches from the e-wastes recycling site. These results showed that mixed pollutants resulted from e-wastes recycling led to ecotoxicological effects on loaches. The bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs）, the main pollutants in e-waste, in loaches was also studied, the mean concentration of total PBDEs in sediment was 6726.17 ng/g wet weight and in water samples was 4.08 ng/L （dissolved phase）. BDE 209 was the dominant congener in sediment and with relatively high concentration in water. Relatively low concentration of BDE 209 （less than 0.01% of total PBDEs） and high concentration of BDE47 （up to 39.34% of total PBDEs） were detected in loaches.

Occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish and shellfish downstream from electronic-waste recycling plants

We measured 39 polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） in the muscle tissue of three species of fish （Sciaenops ocellatus,Sparus macrocephalus,and Lateolabrax japonicus） and four species of shellfish （Tegillarca granosa,Cyclina sinensis,Sinonovacula constricta,and Ostrea cucullata） that were collected downstream of electronic-waste recycling plants in Taizhou,China.A total of 24 PBDE congeners （PBDE 24） in the samples were detected.The PBDE 24 （total PBDE） ranged from 545.4 to 1688.7 ng/kg ww （wet weight）.The mean PBDE 24 concentration was 1382.6 ng/kg ww in fish and 858.1 ng/kg ww in shellfish.The lower brominated congeners were detected at relatively high concentrations in all species.The penta-products,produced from e-waste,were found at relatively low levels.A principal component analysis suggested a significant correlation among di-,tri-,tetra-,and hepta-BDEs for the three species of fish.Similarly,we found a significant correlation between mono-and tri-BDEs in the shellfish.Our results suggested that the processes of PBDE metabolism and elimination were similar in both fish and shellfish.In addition,the primary source of PBDEs appeared to be from the debromination of high brominated PBDEs.

Identification of the metabolites of polybrominated diphenyl ether 99 and its related cytochrome P450s

Objective：To investigate the metabolites of polybrominated diphenyl ether 99（BDE-99）and its related cytochrome P450s in an in vitro system.Methods：Rat primary hepatocytes were isolated and treated with BDE-99 for 24-72 h.Metabolites were then extracted from the hepatocytes and media,and detected by GC/MS.Several mRNAs of metabolic enzymes were also extracted from the same cells and the gene expression levels were determined using quantitative real-time PCR.In addition,selected recombinant cytochrome P450s（CYPs） were expressed in a bacurovirus/sf9 system,and these were further used to explore the metabolism of BDE-99 in vitro.The parent depletion approach was used for screening the ability of CYPs to eliminate BDE-99.Results： A reductively debrominated metabolite,BDE-47,and three oxidative metabolites,2,4,5-tribromophenol,5-OH-BDE-47,and 5＇-OH-BDE-99,were identified from the BDE-99-treated rat hepatocytes,whereas no MeO metabolite was detected in the system.RT-PCR analysis showed that CYP 3A23/3A1,1A2,and 2B1/2 were induced by BDE-99.Furthermore,using the heterological expressed CYP proteins in in vitro BDE-99 metabolism experiments we found that CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 showed the highest metabolic efficiency for BDE-99,with the metabolic clearance rates of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 being 30.3%and 27.7%,respectively.CYP1A1 and CYP2A6 displayed relatively low clearance rates,while CYP2E1 seemed not to be associated with the BDE-99 metabolism.Conclusions：In our in vitro rat primary hepatocyte metabolism system,four metabolites of BDE-99 were identified,and CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 were demonstrated to be involved in the BDE-99 metabolism.

Studies of Thermodynamic Properties and Relative Stability of Polybrominated Xanthones by Density Functional Theory

The thermodynamic properties of xanthone（XTH） and 135 polybrominated xanthones（PBXTHs） in the standard state have been calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G＊ level using Gaussian 03 program.The isodesmic reactions were designed to calculate the standard enthalpy of formation（△fHθ） and standard free energy of formation（△fGθ） of PBXTH congeners.The relations of these thermodynamic parameters with the number and position of Br atom substitution（NPBS） were discussed,and it was found that there exist high correlation between thermodynamic parameters（entropy（Sθ）,△fHθ and △fGθ） and NPBS.According to the relative magnitude of their △fGθ,the relative stability order of PBXTH congeners was theoretically proposed.The relative rate constants of formation reactions of PBXTH congeners were calculated,Moreover,the values of molar heat capacity at constant pressure（Cp,m） from 200 to 1000 K for PBXTH congeners were also calculated,and the temperature dependence relation of them was obtained,suggesting very good relationships between Cp,m and temperature（T,T^1 and T^2） for almost all PBXTH congeners.

Predicting the Relative Retention Time (RRT) of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs)

Using the molecular electronegativity distance vector descriptors derived directly from the molecular topological structures, the relative retention time （RRT） of polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） were predicted. A four-variable regression model （M30） with the correlation coefficient of 0.9816 and the root mean square errors of 0.061 was developed using a training set including 30 PBDEs. The correlation coefficient of 0.9841 and the root mean square errors of 0.054 between the values of RRT predicted by M30 and the RRT observed for 16 external PBDEs show a good predictive potential of M30. The descriptors included in the M30 represent four interactions between four pairs of atom types, i.e., atom -C= and -C=, -C= and 〉C=, 〉C= and 〉C=, -C= and -Br.

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Surface Sediment from Songhua River Basin,Northeast of China

Sixty sediment samples were collected from the main Songhua River in three years. Twelve polybrominated diphenyl ether( PBDE) congeners( BDE17,28,47,66,99,100,153,154,138,183,and BDE-209) were detected to state the pollution situation. The results showed that the total concentration of total PBDEs ranges from 0. 424 to 23. 0 ng / g dry weight,with the mean of 3. 02 ng / g,and the total PBDEs concentration is at relative low level compared with those worldwide. The congener profile showed that BDE-209 is the dominant congener that accounts for more than 80. 1% of total PBDEs in sediments,followed by BDE-47 and BDE-99. These profiles are consistent with a high consumption of Deca-BDEs for the brominated flame retardant market in China. The results of spatial and seasonal observations indicated that local sources,temperature variation, and hydrologic conditions are significant factors on PBDEs concentrations. Hazard quotients suggested that PBDEs pose no potential risk to benthic organisms in detected area at present.

Concentrations of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Maternal Blood,Placental Size,and Risk for Fetal Growth Restriction:A Nested Case-control Study

Objective To explore the effects of prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)on placental size and birth outcomes.Methods Based on the perspective Wenzhou Birth Cohort,this nested case-control study included 101 fetal growth restriction(FGR)and 101 healthy newborns.Maternal serum samples were collected during the third trimester and measured for PBDEs by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.The basic information of mother-newborn pairs was collected from questionnaires,whereas the placental size and birth outcomes of newborns were obtained from hospital records.Results A total of 19 brominated diphenyle ether(BDE)congeners were detected in maternal serum samples.Higher concentrations of BDE-207,-208,-209,and∑19PBDEs were detected in FGR cases than in controls.Increased BDE-207,-208,-209,and∑19PBDEs levels in maternal serum were related to decreased placental length,breadth,surface area,birth weight,birth length,gestational age,and Quetelet index of newborns.After adjusting for confounders,BDE-207 and∑19PBDE concentrations in maternal serum were significantly associated with an increased risk of FGR.Conclusion A negative association was found between PBDE levels in maternal serum and placental size and birth outcomes.Prenatal PBDE exposure may be associated with elevated risk of the incidence of FGR birth.

Thermodynamic Properties for Polybrominated Dibenzothiophenes by Density Functional Theory

The thermodynamic properties of 135 polybrominated dibenzothiophenes （PBDTs） in the gaseous state at 298.15 K and 1.013×10^5 Pa, are calculated using the density functional theory （the B3LYP/6-311G^＊＊） with Gaussian 03. Based on these data, the isodesmic reacflons are designed to calculate the standard enthalpy of formation （△fH^θ） and the standard Gibbs energy of formation （△fG^θ） of PBDTs. The relations of these thermodynamic parameters with the number and positionof bromine subsfituents （NPBS） are discussed, and it is found that there exist good correlations between othermody namic parameters （including heat capacity at constant volume, entropy, enthaipy, free energy, △fH^θ, △fG^θ） and NPBS. Thoe relative stability order of PBDT congeners is proposed theoretically based on the relative magnitude of their △fG^θ. In addition, the values of molar heat capacities at constant pressure （Cp,m） for PBDT c ongelaers are calculated.

Bioaccumulative Characteristics of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Channel Catfish and Fish Feeds from China

PBDEs are widely used brominated flame retardant, which are increasingly reported in the environment. Concentrations of thirteen PBDEs in a large number of channel catfish and fish feeds collected from Hubei province of China were investigated in this study. A fast isotopic dilution GC-MS method was firstly developed to simultaneously determine thirteen PBDEs in channel catfish and fish feeds in this study, and especially for the first time PBDEs in fish feeds. Pressurized liquid extraction and multi-layer silica gel column chromatography cleanup were used, some important steps and crucial parameters were modified and intensified compared with other literatures, and GC and MS conditions were optimized. The limits of quantitation values of 0.25 - 5 μg·kg-1 wet weight in channel catfish were calculated for PBDEs;so did 1 - 20 μg·kg-1 wet weight in fish feeds. In addition, good repeatability and accuracy of the whole method were achieved. The established methods were therefore suitable for the simultaneous determinations of thirteen PBDEs in these samples at trace contamination levels. Using the established methods, PBDEs emerged in 10 of 180 channel catfish and 13 of 115 fish feeds, and the dominant PBDEs homologues were PBDE-28, PBDE-47, PBDE-100, PBDE-99, PBDE-154, PBDE-153 and PBDE-183. The detection rates of seven PBDEs congeners were in turn respectively 1.74%, 7.83%, 4.35%, 5.22%, 3.48%, 2.61% and 2.61% in fish feeds, and detection rates of seven PBDEs congeners were in turn respectively 1.11%, 3.89%, 2.22%, 1.67%, 1.11%, 1.11% and 1.11% in channel catfish. There was significant correlation in PBDEs between matching channel catfish and fish feeds (R2 = 0.742, P < 0.001, n = 30), suggesting that fish feeds contaminated with PBDEs possibly resulted in PBDEs residual in channel catfish through biological transfer.

大气压气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定血清中多溴二苯醚和新型溴代阻燃剂

建立了大气压气相色谱-串联质谱(APGC-MS/MS)同时测定人体血清8种多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)和9种新型溴代阻燃剂(NBFRs)的方法。0.3 g血清样品经HLB柱固相萃取和30%酸性硅胶柱净化处理后,用DB-5HT毛细管柱(15 m×0.25 mm×0.10μm)分离,APGC-MS/MS检测分析。PBDEs和NBFRs的检测分别采用同位素稀释法和内标法。采用血清标准参考物质SRM 1958和基质加标进行方法验证,与SRM 1958给出的参考质量分数值范围对比,多溴二苯醚各化合物浓度的测定值均在参考质量分数值的范围内,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为6.1%~18%。NBFRs的基质加标回收率为81.7%~126%,RSD为6.2%~18%。该方法灵敏度和准确度高、方法性能稳定,满足人体血清中溴代阻燃剂检测的要求。

2型糖尿病发生与多溴联苯醚暴露的关系及其预测模型构建和评价

目的分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)发生与多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)暴露的关系,通过机器学习方法构建T2DM发生的预测模型并进行评价。方法在NHANES数据库筛选出1425例研究对象,其中非T2DM患者1132例、T2DM患者293例。比较非T2DM患者与T2DM患者的临床资料,取有统计学差异的临床资料进一步进行boruta特征筛选,以明确T2DM发生与PBDEs的关系及其影响因素。将筛选出的T2DM发生影响因素输入R软件,并使用R软件creatDataPartition函数将数据按照80%训练集及20%验证集随机划分。使用逻辑回归、极致梯度提升(XGBoost)、轻量梯度提升、自适应增强、K近邻、朴素贝叶斯及支持向量机等7种算法构建机器学习模型,将训练集输入模型进行训练,将验证集输入模型使用十折交叉验证对进行模型进行内部验证。结合ROC曲线以及曲线下面积(AUC)对模型进行评价,选择新疆医科大学一附院内分泌科就诊的成人T2DM患者71例及健康体检者100例对效能最好的预测模型进行外部验证。使用SHAP工具分析高效能预测模型的可解释性,判断模型在决策过程中各个特征的重要性。结果T2DM患者BMI、腰围、受教育程度、有糖尿病家族史比例、血清高密度脂蛋白及血清BDE-28、BDE-47、BDE-99、BDE-183、BDE-209浓度均高于非T2DM患者(P均<0.05),Boruta特征筛选出腰围、BMI、糖尿病家族史及血清BDE-47、BDE-99、BDE-28、BDE-209、BDE-183作为T2DM发生的影响因素纳入机器学习算法建立T2DM发生的预测模型。在训练集及验证集的内部验证中,XGBoost模型AUC值均最高,且准确度、Kappa值、灵敏度及特异度均位于前列,故选择XGBoost模型作为高效能预测模型。外部验证结果显示,XGBoost模型的准确度为0.702、灵敏度为0.549、特异度为0.787、AUC(95%CI)为0.674(0.575~0.773)。SHAP工具对XGBoost模型的预测情况进行解释性分析结果显示,腰围、血清BDE-47为最重要的预测特征,同时血清BDE-99、BDE-209及BMI、糖尿病家族史在模型中具有较高的重要性,而血清BDE-28、BDE-183在模型中重要性相对较低。结论血清BDE-47、BDE-99、BDE-28、BDE-209、BDE-183为T2DM发生的独立影响因素,基于血清PBDEs及腰围、BMI、糖尿病家族史建立的XGBoost模型对T2DM发生的预测效能较高,在T2DM发生的预测方面具有一定价值。

华南地区典型食用鱼中4类卤代芳香化合物的污染特征和摄入风险

卤代芳香类化合物(HACs)具有环境普遍存在性、持久性、生物富集性和各种毒性,其污染和风险因此受到广泛关注。本研究对华南地区5种常见鱼肉中4类典型HACs进行了分析,结果表明,鱼肉中多氯代二苯并二噁英/呋喃(PCDD/Fs)、类二噁英多氯联苯(DL-PCBs)、多溴代二苯并二噁英/呋喃(PBDD/Fs)和总二噁英类(dioxins)毒性当量(TEQ)的平均值±标准偏差(范围)分别为(0.0680±0.3230)pg·g^(-1)(0~2.21 pg·g^(-1))、(0.118±0.124)pg·g^(-1)(0.000451~0.528 pg·g^(-1))、(0.139±0.164)pg·g^(-1)(0.00882~0.917 pg·g^(-1))和(0.325±0.366)pg·g^(-1)(0.0409~2.30 pg·g^(-1))(以单位湿质量计),均低于欧盟规定的鱼肉中dioxins的TEQ限值;5种鱼中桂花鱼的总TEQ和摄入风险最高,其次是鳗鱼和鲶鱼,鲈鱼最低,但种类间并无显著差异。鱼肉中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的浓度(0.347±0.297)ng·g^(-1)(0.0191~1.40 ng·g^(-1))(以单位湿质量计)与国内外相比中等偏低,种类变化顺序为三文鱼>鳗鱼>鲈鱼>桂花鱼>鲶鱼。鱼肉中的PCDD/Fs以高氯代PCDDs为主,可能源于污染饲料和五氯酚/五氯酚钠的使用;DL-PCBs以PCB-118和PCB-105为主,主要源于其商业品和金属冶炼过程;PBDEs的来源包括其商业品和高溴PBDEs脱溴降解;PBDD/Fs以高溴PBDFs为主,其污染与PBDEs密切相关。华南地区居民通过膳食鱼肉摄入4类HACs的致癌和非致癌风险值分别为6.56×10-6~2.87×10-5和0.0314~0.114,其中儿童风险值高于青少年和成人。PBDD/Fs对总TEQ和摄入风险的贡献(平均45.6%)远高于其他HACs,其生物体污染和风险值得持续关注。

Polybrominated biphenyl exposure and thyroid function tests in electronic waste dismantling and general population of Chinese adults

This study aimed to determine the concentration of 35 PBB(polybrominated biphenyls)congeners in the human serum of residents from an electronic waste(e-waste)dismantling area compared to a control area in China.Additionally,four thyroid hormones,namely FT3,FT4,TSH,and TRH,were also analyzed.The findings revealed that the total PBB concentrations(sum of the 35 PBB congeners)ranged from 47.1 to 1360 ng/g lipid in the e-waste area and 105–1980 ng/g lipid in the control area.BB-1 and BB-10 were the dominant congeners in both study areas,followed by BB-209.Compared to the e-waste dismantling area,the control area samples had a significantly higher concentration of less-brominated(Br1–3)PBBs,including the concentrations of less-brominated congeners such as BB-1,BB-4,BB-9,and BB-10,which were significantly higher than those in the e-waste dismantling area.Conversely,more-brominated hexabromobiphenyl congeners BB-153,BB-154 and BB-155 were found in samples from the e-waste dismantling area at significantly higher concentrations than in the control area.E-waste dismantling areas have released historically produced commercial PBB products,but equally not negligible is the exposure of the general population to newly produced PBB congeners.PBB concentrations in the e-waste dismantling area samples decreased with increasing age,while they increased with increasing age in the control area samples.Furthermore,stepwise multiple regression analysis showed a significant association between BB-103 concentrations and thyroid hormone levels.In addition,BB-103 has the potential to interfere with the binding of T3 and thyroid hormone receptors(TR).Given these findings,the research on human exposure of PBB and the relationships between the PBB and thyroid hormones should be studied further.

Colloid-facilitated release of polybrominated diphenyl ethers at an e-waste recycling site: evidence from undisturbed soil core leaching experiments

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a class of persistent organic pollutants, have been frequently detected in soil at e-waste recycling sites. However, the key factors controlling the transport of PBDEs from surface soil to the vadose zone and groundwater are unclear. Here, colloid-enhanced leaching of PBDEs from undisturbed soil cores collected at an e-waste recycling site in Tianjin, China, is reported. Spatially heterogeneous release of colloids and PBDEs was observed in all the tested soil cores under chemical and hydrodynamic perturbations, indicating the presence of preferential flow paths. Colloid concentration in the effluent significantly increased as ionic strength decreased (from 10 to 0.01 mmol/L), probably due to the stronger electrostatic repulsion between colloidal particles and the soil matrix at lower ionic strength. In contrast, colloid mobilization was not significantly affected by the changes in pH of the influent (from 4.0 to 10.0) and flow rate (from a Darcy velocity of 1.5 to 6.0 cm/h). The concentrations of 2,2′,3,3′,4,4′,5,5′,6,6′-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), the predominant PBDE congener at the site, detected in the leachate (ranging from 1.09 to 3.43 ng/L) were much lower than previously reported results from packed column leaching tests, and were positively correlated with colloid concentrations. This indicates that remobilization of colloids at e-waste recycling sites can promote the leaching and downward migration of PBDEs from surface soil. The findings highlight the potential risk of surface soil PBDE contamination to groundwater quality and call for further understanding of colloid-facilitated transport for predicting the fate of PBDEs at e-waste recycling sites.

固相萃取-气相色谱质谱联用技术测定水中7种多溴联苯醚

鉴于多溴联苯醚的广泛使用和生物毒性,建立了水中7种多溴联苯醚的固相萃取-气相色谱质谱检测方法。水样经过手动固相萃取仪富集,以C18柱为萃取柱,调节水样pH为3.0~4.0,用30 mL正己烷/二氯甲烷(3:1)混合溶液为洗脱剂,分三次洗脱,用气质联用仪检测。7种多溴联苯醚在0.0~1.25μg/L范围内线性良好,标准曲线的相关系数均大于0.99。该方法检出限为0.16~0.52 ng/L,在低、中、高3个加标浓度水平下,不同水体中7种多溴联苯醚的加标回收率为88.2%~116.3%,相对标准偏差为1.3%~9.8%,满足分析要求。

食品中多溴二苯醚检测技术研究进展及标准化现状

多溴二苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)是一种持久性有机污染物,具有环境污染持久性、长距离传输性、生物富集性和强生物毒性。PBDEs同时也是国家“新污染物治理行动方案”中重点管控新型污染物,对人体健康危害主要表现在肝脏毒性、神经毒性、生殖发育毒性以及甲状腺等内分泌干扰毒性,严重危害人体健康和社会可持续发展。本文主要介绍PBDEs检测的主要前处理技术和分析方法的应用及优缺点,同时详细综述了畜禽肉、水产品、蔬菜、蛋类、谷物类、乳制品及饮用水等不同食品基质中PBDEs的检测技术研究现状,归纳国内外不同领域PBDEs标准化现状,提出食品中PBDEs检测存在的技术难点和未来发展方向,以期为食品领域中PBDEs安全监测技术推广和标准制定提供研究思路。

滨海湿地中多溴联苯醚的污染特征及生态风险评价研究进展

系统梳理了多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)在滨海湿地中的种类和浓度、沉积物中的分布特征、与沉积物理化因子的关系、生态风险评价等方面的研究进展,分析了滨海湿地沉积物和生物体内PBDEs的种类和浓度,总结了PBDEs在滨海湿地中的水平分布与垂向分布规律,阐述了滨海湿地沉积物理化因子对其分布影响,归纳了滨海湿地中PBDEs的生态风险评价方法。后期研究需进一步厘清滨海湿地沉积物和生物体内的PBDEs同系物及富集浓度等问题,加强滨海城市排污口附近区域的PBDEs归趋研究,解析滨海湿地沉积物理化因子(如铁、硫、氮等元素)与PBDEs的关系,探究PBDEs生态风险阈值与评价方法,为滨海湿地污染控制与评价提供技术支撑。

气相色谱串联质谱法测定水体中10种多溴联苯醚

建立了气相色谱串联质谱法快速测定水体中10种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)含量的分析方法。使用10%样品体积的二氯甲烷溶液进行液液萃取,重复2次,合并的萃取液经减压浓缩后使用二氯甲烷复溶;采用15 m的DB-5 HT色谱柱分离,在280℃进样口温度、1.8 mL/min氦气流速、320℃离子源与GC接口温度、离子监测模式等条件下进行测定。方法学验证结果表明,10种多溴联苯醚在0.5~150 ng/L质量浓度范围内决定系数R^(2)>0.9990,检出限在0.14~1.89 ng/L,回收率在84.06%~106.99%,精密度在0.96%~5.43%(n=6)。该方法操作简便快速、灵敏度高、稳定性好,适用于水中10种多溴联苯醚化合物含量的快速测定。实际样品测试结果显示,海水中未检出PBDEs,生活污水及养殖废水中PBDEs含量在0.13~0.35 ng/L。