Studying the Effect of Polyester Fiber Blend Ratio and Pilling Cycle on Blended Knit Fabrics

Pilling is a severe concern for blended fabrics. The aesthetic look and smoothness are the buyers’ prime requirements. The main focus of the study was to see the pilling behavior from various percentages of polyester fiber blend ratio as well as the different pilling cycles on blended fabrics. The cotton, polyester, and elastane prepared the study fabrics. These fabrics are (90% Cotton/5% Polyester/5% Elastane, 90% Cotton/6% Polyester/4% Elastane, 90% Cotton/7% Polyester/3% Elastane, 90% Cotton/8% Polyester/2% Elastane, and 90% Cotton/9% Polyester/1% Elastane, 85% Cotton/10% Polyester/5% Elastane, 85% Cotton/11% Polyester/4% Elastane, 85% Cotton/12% Polyester/3% Elastane, 85% Cotton/13% Polyester/2% Elastane, and 85% Cotton/ 14% Polyester/1% Elastane, 80% Cotton/15% Polyester/5% Elastane, 80% Cotton/16% Polyester/4% Elastane, 80% Cotton/17% Polyester/3% Elastane, 80% Cotton/18% Polyester/2% Elastane, and 80% Cotton/19% Polyester/1% Elastane). The selected polyester blend ratios were 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18% and 19% respectively. The study used the Martindale pilling tester with 2000, 5000, and 7000 cycles, respectively. The evaluation followed the ISO 12945-2:2000. The study findings are that the polyester fiber blend ratio did not influence the pilling grade on blended fabrics for pilling cycles 2000, and the pilling grade remained constant at 4 - 5. The pilling grade started to deteriorate in pilling cycle 5000 for the fabrics 85%C/10%P/5%E, 85%C/11%P/4%E, 85%C/12%P/3%E, 85%C/ 13%P/2%E, 85%C/14%P/1%E showed the pilling grade 4, and the fabrics made from 80%C/15%P/5%E, 80%C/16%P/4%E, 80%C/17%P/3%E, 80%C/ 18%P/2%E, 80%C/19%P/1%E showed the pilling grade 4, 3, 3, 3, and 3 respectively. For the pilling cycles 7000, the pilling grade further deteriorated for the fabrics 80%C/15%P/5%E, 80%C/16%P/4%E, 80%C/17%P/3%E, 80%C/ 18%P/2%E, 80%C/19%P/1%E showed the pilling grade 3, 3, 2, 2, and 2 respectively. The study finds the dominance of polyester fiber throughout the experiment. The author hopes this study’s outcome will help new researchers, advanced researchers, and the textile industry’s sustainable development research and development team.

Predicting Bursting Strength Behavior of Weft Knitted Fabrics Using Various Percentages of Cotton, Polyester, and Spandex Fibers

The bursting strength is an essential quality parameter of knit fabric. The fabric structure, weight, types of fibers, and fiber blend proportion influence the bursting strength parameter. The tenacity of polyester fiber is better than cotton and spandex. The study focused on predicting knit fabric bursting strength test value using different fibers (cotton, polyester, and spandex) with varying percentages of the blend ratio. This study used fifteen categories of blended fabrics. The Pearson Correlation and the hypothetical ANOVA regression analysis were conducted to do the statistical significance test. The experimental result reveals that the bursting strength test result increased with the increased percentage of polyester and suggested a suitable regression equation. The dominance of the polyester fiber was observed throughout the experiment, i.e., the higher the polyester blend proportion, the higher the bursting strength value. The inclusion of polyester in blends can reduce the cost of fabric. The developed prediction model or equation can help the fabric manufacturer make appropriate decisions regarding getting the expected bursting strength. The researcher hopes that the findings from this study will motivate new researchers, advanced researchers, and the textile manufacturing industry.

Recovery of Polyester/Cotton Blended Fabrics by Alkali Dissolution

A new type of alkali-soluble polyester/cotton blended yarns was used to knit a compact knitted fabric on a circular weft knitting machine,treated with 5 g/L NaOH solution for 60 min at a temperature of 100℃,and the polyester was completely dissolved.The dissolved polyester could be polymerized again by a polycondensation reaction.After the cotton fibers were opened and combed,the length and mechanical properties of the cotton fibers were tested.The physical and mechanical properties of the separated cotton fibers were good.The chemical structure and crystallinity were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis.It could be seen that the chemical structure of cotton fibers was almost unchanged after treatment,and the crystallinity decreased slightly.It provides some reference for the separation and recycling of waste polyester/cotton fabrics.

Finishing Effect on Warmth Property of Cotton/Kapok Blended Knitted Fabric

Nowadays,more and more natural or functional fibers are being investigated due to their utilization in thermal underwear.Kapok fiber is one of the natural cellulosic fibers whose source is the kapok plant. It has hollow body and sealed tail,which exhibits desirable features required for functional textiles of this nature. In this study,cotton / kapok( 80 /20 by mass) blended yarn with two types of yarn size 18. 5 and 14. 8 tex,respectively are knitted into plain stitches. The fabrics are undergone with an optimal preparation plan according to orthogonal design. Then,after dyeing and softening,fabric properties including thermal and water-vapour resistances, wicking property, pilling behaviour, and surface morphology,are tested and scrutinized for their candidacy for thermal underwear. The results showed that cotton / kapok blended fabrics have good thermal resistance which is significantly higher than those of cotton / modal blended fabrics,and the same water vapour resistance compared with cotton / modal blended fabrics which are normally used as underwear. Cotton / modal blended knitted fabrics has better pilling grade than cotton / kapok blended fabrics. Meanwhile, the cotton / kapok blends fabrics have good wicking property. Collectively,it was concluded that cotton / kapok blended fabric was appropriate for thermal underwear. However,the main limitation of these fabrics is their pilling properties.

Development of Longer-Lasting Insect Repellence Cellulosic Based Curtain Fabrics

Long lasting insect repellent curtain fabrics were developed and characterized. Different types of fabrics which are generally used in manufacture of curtain fabrics were functionalized with monochlorotriazenyl β-cyclodextrin (MCT-β-CD) then treated with different concentration from permethrin to impart the fabric insect repellent properties. These fabrics were 100% cotton, cotton/viscose, cotton/linen, polyester/cotton, polyester/linen and polyester/viscose blend fabrics. The treated curtain fabrics were evaluated for insect repellent retention capacity against mosquitoes. The repellent efficacy comprises the determination of percent mosquitoes repelled, knockdown and killed (mortality) resulting from exposed mosquitoes to the treated fabric. Results obtained shows that, the insect repellent retention capacity of curtain fabrics functionalized with R-β-CD then treated with permethrin depends on the amount of β-CD moieties on the curtain fabrics, type of fabric and permethrin concentration. Higher action is obtained when the fabric was functionalized with 100 g/L, MCT-β-CD in alkaline medium followed by treatment with 15 g/L permethrin. The results show also that, curtain fabric made of cotton/linen shows highest mosquitoes repellent retention capacity and highest resistance against washing compared with 100% cotton or cotton/viscose or polyester based curtain fabrics. The insect repellent treatment of curtain fabrics did not adversely affect the tensile strength or drapability index of curtain

中国废旧军服面料回收利用的研究现状及发展前景

为促进废旧军服面料的高值化回收利用,总结了国内07式军服的种类及其面料特征,系统分析了目前开纤纺纱法、再生聚酯切片法、涤棉分离技术等废旧军服面料的回收利用方法,并对废旧军服面料回收再利用的发展前景进行展望。分析表明:目前废旧军服面料的回收利用主要聚焦于简单再利用或回收涤纶组分制备高值再生聚酯切片,较少关注军服面料中其余组分的高值回收利用。针对废旧军服面料中含量相对较高的涤棉混纺面料,采用有效的涤棉分离技术高效分离涤纶和棉纤维,并以此作为原料分别制备再生聚酯切片和再生溶解浆,进一步以再生棉浆粕为原料制备再生纤维素产品将非常有前景。因而,开发高效的涤棉分离、废旧涤纶和棉纤维的高值化利用技术是实现废旧军服面料综合利用的重要发展方向。

壳聚糖基膨胀阻燃涤纶/棉混纺织物的制备及其性能

为得到阻燃且满足实际应用需求的涤纶/棉混纺织物(T/C),选用亚磷酸化壳聚糖(PCS)和γ-哌嗪基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷(GP-108)制备阻燃整理剂(PCS/GP),通过一步浸渍法对涤纶/棉混纺织物进行整理,并研究其微观表面形貌、热稳定性能、阻燃性能、拉伸性能以及白度等。结果表明:PCS/GP成功在涤纶/棉混纺织物表面沉积成膜,包裹住涤纶/棉纤维;T/C-PCS/GP呈现典型的涤纶/棉混纺织物二步热降解过程,在700℃时保留有28.5%的残炭量,说明PCS/GP提高了阻燃涤纶/棉混纺织物在高温区的热稳定性能;T/C-PCS/GP的LOI值提升至26.5%,实现了垂直燃烧测试中的离火自熄,残炭扫描电镜照片表明,PCS/GP的沉积改善了涤纶/棉混纺织物燃烧时存在的“支架”效应;T/C-PCS/GP的热释放速率峰值和火灾蔓延指数较T/C分别降低了20%和40%,表明其火灾危险性大幅度降低;锥形量热测试后的残炭电镜照片表明,T/C-PCS/GP能够保留完整的织物编织结构,残炭表面存在明显的膨胀炭层,与垂直燃烧测试结果相符;热重红外测试结果表明,T/C-PCS/GP分解提前,主要影响棉组分热降解并促进其成炭,而高温区的红外谱图表明,在致密炭层的保护下,T/C-PCS/GP的热降解得到抑制。T/C-PCS/GP与T/C-PCS相比,断裂强力提升17%,其断裂强力与T/C的断裂强力相差不大;同时,GP-108的使用改善了T/C-PCS的黄变问题,提升了T/C-PCS/GP的白度。然而,阻燃样品耐久性较差,需要后续改进。

磷-氮-硅协同阻燃/抗菌涤棉织物的制备与性能

为实现涤棉织物的阻燃/抗菌协同整理,以3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)和9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)为反应物,分别合成了八氨丙基八硅倍半氧烷和2-氯乙基DOPO,通过轧烘焙方法将其整理到涤棉织物上,并对其进行氯化处理。结果表明:阻燃/抗菌整理涤棉织物的阻燃等级达到B1级;整理后未氯化的织物在30 min接触时间内对金黄葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的对数减少值分别达到2.56 log和2.06 log,而经氯化处理后其能够在1 min的接触时间内杀灭接种的细菌,表现出迅速且优异的抗菌性能。

BCI棉/再生涤混纺针织织物染整工艺

采用活性染料/分散染料对BCI棉/再生涤混纺针织织物进行染色,比较不同染色工艺的得色效果、耐汗渍色牢度、耐皂洗色牢度、耐摩擦色牢度以及耐光色牢度等指标,筛选BCI棉/再生涤混纺针织织物的大生产工艺,从而减少实际大生产时染色带来废水对环境造成的污染,以优化染色质量与成本。实验结果表明:选择方案4#进行印染加工更加节约用水成本、时间成本、用电成本。染色织物耐干摩擦色牢度可达4~5级,耐湿摩擦色牢度可达3~4级,耐皂洗色牢度可达4~5级,耐汗渍色牢度达到4~5级,具有生产可行性。

智能导湿涤棉织物的制备及温敏湿热管理行为

以N,N-二甲基(甲基丙烯酰氧乙基)氨基丙磺酸内盐为单体,采用紫外光照射法制备具有高临界溶解温度(UCST)的聚合物PDMAPS,再将其喷涂至疏水改性涤棉织物表面,得到温敏导湿涤棉织物。研究了PDMAPS的结构和温敏性,并系统评价温敏导湿涤棉织物的微观结构、温敏亲/疏水性转变及温敏透湿性。结果表明:PDMAPS具有可逆的温敏亲/疏水性转变功能,在20℃时(UCST),喷涂PDMAPS一侧转为亲水性,而未喷涂PDMAPS一侧仍为疏水性,从而构建润湿性梯度,透湿量可提升至5497.5 g/(m^(2)·24 h),显示出优异的温度自适应湿热管理功能。

精梳工艺路线对涤棉混纺面料风格影响

为了探讨不同精梳加工路线对涤棉混纺面料风格的影响,将涤纶与棉纤维分别精梳后按照65/35进行混纺制成涤棉混纺精梳纱,同时将普梳涤纶与精梳后的棉纤维进行混纺制成涤棉混纺半精梳纱。将涤棉混纺精梳纱和涤棉混纺半精梳纱利用相同的织造及染整工艺分别制成涤棉混纺精梳面料和涤棉混纺半精梳面料,利用KES织物风格仪测试两种面料的拉伸、剪切、弯曲、压缩、表面等风格特征。结果表明:与涤棉混纺半精梳面料相比,涤棉混纺精梳面料的各风格特征均有改善,其中变化最显著指标:抗弯刚度减小20%,弯曲滞后距减小17%,压缩比功减小22%,摩擦因数波动减小18%。认为:涤棉混纺精梳面料比涤棉混纺半精梳面料具有更好的柔软性、光滑性、回弹性。

涤棉双层针织物的轻度亲疏水整理研究

为提升涤棉双层针织物的亲肤感以及吸湿快干能力,选取双层针织物,内层为疏水层,由16.67 tex/144 f(150 D/144 f)十字截面涤纶长丝编织而成,外层为亲水层,由14.67 tex纯棉纱线编织而成,采用吸湿排汗整理剂TM对织物疏水面进行轻度亲水整理,并采用疏水整理剂Nuva N1802 liquid对织物亲水面进行轻度疏水整理。研究不同浓度的亲疏水整理剂对针织物吸湿快干性能的影响。测试透气率、透湿率、芯吸高度、干燥速率、动态水分传递等性能。结果表明:当涤纶表面采用0.1%亲水整理剂和棉层采用0.1%疏水整理剂,吸湿快干效果达到最优,透湿性和芯吸高度的提升增加了人体的亲肤感。

植酸/壳聚糖对涤纶/棉混纺织物的协同阻燃整理

针对涤纶/棉混纺织物的易燃问题,采用植酸(PA)和壳聚糖(CS)构成膨胀阻燃体系,通过浸渍烘焙法对涤纶/棉混纺织物进行阻燃整理,并对整理前后织物的化学结构、表面形貌、热稳定性、燃烧行为、力学性能及耐水洗性等进行探究。通过工艺调控与优化,获得最佳阻燃整理工艺:烘焙温度160℃,烘焙时间120 s,CS质量浓度30 g/L,PA质量浓度400 g/L。经过阻燃整理后,所得涤纶/棉混纺织物的极限氧指数值由17.8%上升到28.7%,达到难燃级别;热重结果表明,相较于原涤纶/棉混纺织物,阻燃涤纶/棉混纺织物的分解速率下降,高温热稳定性显著提高,在氮气气氛下,800℃时残炭率提高到25%以上;阻燃涤纶/棉混纺织物的最大热释放速率由原涤纶/棉混纺织物的145.86 kW/m^(2)下降到96.96 kW/m^(2),总热释放量由原涤纶/棉混纺织物的2.75 MJ/m^(2)下降到2.06 MJ/m^(2);PA和CS在织物表面构成膨胀阻燃涂层,显著提高了织物的阻燃性能。

废旧涤/棉混纺织物回收再利用研究进展

随着人们生活水平不断提升,服装更换周期缩短,废旧纺织品的处理问题日益凸显。文章针对目前废旧涤/棉混纺织物量大但回收利用率低的现状,主要介绍了此类织物回收再利用的常用方法,详细阐述了醇解法、离子液体法、水热法分离涤棉的研究进展,并对回收利用废旧涤棉纺织品的前景进行了展望。

基于涤棉混纺织物的荧光碳点对Cr(Ⅵ)和Hg(Ⅱ)的检测

该文以废弃涤棉混纺织物为碳源,分别在乙二醇和硫酸溶液中通过溶剂热法合成了两种荧光碳点,实现了对溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)和Hg(Ⅱ)的检测。通过透射电镜与红外光谱表征了碳点的形貌与组成,并基于紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱分析了碳点的电子跃迁形式及发光类型。在乙二醇体系中制得的碳点(ETCCDs)能够选择性检测Cr(Ⅵ),检出限为0.093 mg/L,其检测机理为荧光内滤效应;硫酸体系中制备的碳点(WTCCDs)能够选择性检测Hg(Ⅱ),检出限为0.018µmol/L,检测机理为能量转移。对实际水样中的Cr(Ⅵ)和Hg(Ⅱ)进行检测,验证了上述两种碳点的实用性。基于涤棉混纺织物制备的荧光碳点不仅实现了对两种重金属离子的检测,同时也为废旧纺织物的再生利用提供了借鉴意义。

涤棉针织物练染一浴工艺

针对涤棉针织物染整工艺流程长、耗水耗能高、生产效率低等问题,采用RY236对涤棉针织物进行练染一浴加工,分别讨论了双氧水用量、练染浴pH、保温时间及RY236用量对纯棉针织物前处理效果以及纯涤针织物染色性能的影响。优化后的练染一浴工艺:双氧水用量为8 g/L,pH为5.5,RY236用量为1 g/L,染色温度为130℃,保温30 min。与传统工艺相比,该工艺能够降低生产成本,提高生产效率。

废旧深蓝色棉/涤织物的脱色工艺与机制研究

以硫化蓝染色的废旧深蓝棉涤织物为原料,采用氢氧化钠和二氧化硫脲脱色体系对其进行脱色处理。以明度和脱色率为评价指标,通过单因素实验研究了脱色工艺,并探讨了脱色体系的作用机理。结果表明:在20 g/L氢氧化钠和5g/L二氧化硫脲、脱色温度为90℃、脱色时间为60 min的工艺下,织物脱色后的明度值可达60以上,脱色率为81.5%。脱色体系中的氢氧化钠通过水解作用剥离织物上的染料使其脱色,二氧化硫脲则通过还原作用破坏染料的发色基团而使织物脱色,且其在碱性体系中可进一步提升脱色效果,因此二者具有协同脱色作用。脱色处理对织物的化学结构和晶体结构基本没有影响,脱色后织物的断裂强力下降不大,因此该脱色体系可实现废旧棉混纺织物的温和脱色。

涤纶/棉混纺织物在水热体系中的降解

为实现废弃涤纶/棉混纺织物的循环利用,以金属盐硫酸铜作为添加剂,采用绿色、经济的水热法对废弃涤纶/棉混纺织物进行降解,研究在硫酸铜-水热体系中涤纶/棉混纺织物的降解行为。结果表明:棉与涤纶在硫酸铜-水热体系中表现出不同的降解行为;在低温水热条件下,棉纤维在非晶区发生降解生成粉末状纤维素及少量葡萄糖,而涤纶在低温下则保持其纤维形貌及理化性质不变,可实现双组分涤纶与棉的分离;在高温水热条件下,涤纶发生降解生成对苯二甲酸,其得率可达91%以上,而棉纤维在高温下则降解炭化形成富含含氧基团的炭材料,实现了涤纶与棉在同一体系中的同时降解;高温环境中涤纶与棉同时降解不会影响棉纤维炭产物的晶体结构,但会对炭产物的形貌有一定影响。该水热降解工艺在低温下可实现涤纶/棉混纺织物双组分的分离,高温下可实现涤纶与棉在同一体系中共同降解的行为,具有一定的实用价值,为废弃涤纶/棉混纺织物的回收利用提供了一定参考。

涤/棉混纺织物的色牢度研究

文章通过研究涤/棉混纺织物的染色过程,归纳了不同类型分散染料与织物染色牢度之间的关系,结果表明,蒽醌、杂环类分散染料在涤纶织物上的色牢度相对较差。重点研究了活性染料套染过程中染料、盐、碱等对织物上分散染料的分布以及色牢度的影响,结果表明,碱作用下取代基为酯基的偶氮型染料会从涤纶向棉移动,织物的色牢度有所下降;而某些杂环型染料的亲水性增强,浮色从纤维脱落,织物的色牢度提升明显。在染色结束后,利用免还原清洗剂TF-288E和酸性还原清洗粉TF-288BF进行皂洗,可有效去除浮色,省去常规还原清洗工艺,获得优异的色牢度。

涤棉混纺织物分散/活性染料一浴一步法染色应用

涤棉混纺织物采用常规工艺进行染色能够获得较好的色牢度,但是染色时间长而且污水处理成本高,不符合低碳环保的要求。采用分散/活性染料一浴一步法染色改进工艺替代常规工艺。在常温(40℃)状态下,以元明粉150 g/L,促染剂1 g/L,2℃/min升温至80℃并保温1 min,以1℃/min升温至95℃并保温1 min,以1℃/min升温至127℃并保温30 min进行分散染料与活性染料染色。实验结果表明,染色织物耐干摩擦色牢度可达4~5级,耐湿摩擦色牢度可达3~4级,耐皂洗色牢度可达4~5级,耐汗渍色牢度达到4~5级,同时能够缩短染色时间、节约用电、减少污水排放,对降低生产成本起到了积极作用,满足了实际生产需求。