[Objectives] To explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Qigongwan on PCOS model rats by detecting the changes in sex hormone levels in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and observing the effects of o...[Objectives] To explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Qigongwan on PCOS model rats by detecting the changes in sex hormone levels in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and observing the effects of ovarian pathological morphological changes, apoptosis and expression of Wnt/β-β catenin signaling pathway protein. [Methods] Ten of 40 female SD rats were randomly selected as the normal group, and the other 30 rats were treated with letrozole combined with high-fat diet to establish the PCOS rat model. After successful modeling, the model group was randomly divided into Qigongwan group, positive Daying-35 (Ethinylestradiol and Cyproterone Acetate Tablets) group and model group, with 10 rats in each group. Qigongwan group was given 14.7 g/(kg·d) by gavage, Daying-35 group was given 0.21 mg/(kg·d) by oral gavage, and normal group and model group were given the same amount of distilled water, and the intervention lasted for 21 d. ELISA method was used to detect the levels of hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), estradiol (E 2) and progesterone (P) in serum. HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphological changes of ovarian tissues;TUNEL staining was used to observe apoptosis of ovarian tissue granule cells;the expression of Wnt, β-catenin protein in rat ovarian tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. [Results] (i) Compared with the model group, Qigongwan group and Daying-35 group could significantly increase serum E 2 and P levels, significantly reduce serum T levels ( P <0.01), significantly reduce serum LH levels and LH/FSH ratio ( P <0.01), and increase serum FSH levels ( P <0.05) in different degrees. (ii)The results of HE staining showed that compared with the model group, Qigongwan and Daying-35 groups could improve follicular development and reduce atretic follicles in different degrees. Compared with Daying-35 group, the number of GC layers in Qigongwan group was significantly increased. (iii) The results of TUNEL staining showed that compared with the model group, the rate of TUNEL-positive cells in the Qigongwan group and Daying-35 group decreased significantly ( P <0.01). (iv) The immunohistochemical results showed that compared with the model group, the expression levels of wnt and β-catenin in the Qigongwan group and the Daying-35 group increased in different degrees ( P <0.05), and the expression range increased. [Conclusions] Qigongwan can regulate the secretion level of sex hormones such as FSH and LH, improve the pathological damage of ovarian tissue, and inhibit apoptosis of ovarian granule cells, and its mechanism may be related to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.展开更多
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, multifaceted, heterogeneous disorder, affecting 4% to 18% of reproductive-aged women and is associated with reproductive, metabolic and psychological dysfunction. In this...Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, multifaceted, heterogeneous disorder, affecting 4% to 18% of reproductive-aged women and is associated with reproductive, metabolic and psychological dysfunction. In this study we determined the relationship between the time to sleep and serum levels of neurohormones in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Totally 77 PCO patients(case group) and 97 non-PCOS infertile women (control subjects) participated in this study between February 2012 and February 2013. A PSQI sleep questionnaire was completed by each patient in both groups. PSQI sleep questionnaire score and serum concentration of adrenaline, noradrenaline, melatonin, β-endorphin, cortisol and progesterone were compared in two groups. The results of the study indicate that serum levels of melatonin and β-endorphin were lower in women with PCOS. Serum level of stress hormones, adrenaline and noradrenaline were significantly correlated with patients’ sleep time in study group. Serum level of adrenaline in control group was significantly lower in women who wake up earlier in the morning. All hormones except for cortisol had no significant correlation with PSQI global score in both groups and also the people who sleep less than 8 hours had lower cortisol level. These data showed that changes in cortisol in PCO women were due to damage of disturbed sleep at night. Our preliminary work provided this study with new insight into the interactions between sleep-wake cycles in PCO women with specific sleep patterns.展开更多
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common endocrinopathies of women in the reproductive age group. Thyroid hormones have various effects on the reproductive system of female. PCOS and thyroid d...Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common endocrinopathies of women in the reproductive age group. Thyroid hormones have various effects on the reproductive system of female. PCOS and thyroid dysfunction are linked to each other since several years. Objective: To evaluate and detect the thyroid dysfunction in patients with PCOS attending in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methodology: This was a prospective cross sectional study conducted from November 2018 to October 2019 at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh on one hundred and fifty (150) PCOS women of reproductive age (15 - 45 years). All data of the study subjects regarding socio-demographic, anthropometric and clinical manifestations were recorded accordingly. Their thyroid function tests (serum level of FT3, FT4, TSH) were done at the hospital laboratory and results were recorded. Result: Mean (±SD) age of the study subjects was 24.57 ± 4.27 years. The maximum numbers [108 (72.0%)] of PCOS women were between 18 - 25 years age group. Among total (150) study population, 51 (34.0%) were overweight, 36 (24.0%) were obese and 63 (42.0%) were within normal weight level. Hirsutism was found in 87 (58%) study subjects while 24 (16%) subjects had acne in their face, 54 (36%) subjects had oligomenorrhea and 45 (30%) subjects had irregular periods. Among 150 PCOS women, 120 (80%) were married and 30 (20%) were single;of them primary infertility was detected in 58 (48.33%) women followed by the normal fertility status [51 (42.5%)] and 11 (9.17%) had secondary infertility. Among total (150) study subjects, 105 (70%) were in euthyroid state, hypothyroidism was found in 33 (22.0%) subjects and hyperthyroidism was detected in 12 (8%) subjects. Conclusions: Present study demonstrated that, thyroid disorders are prevalent in 30.0% of PCOS patients. Hypothyroidism is almost three-fold more prevalent than hyperthyroidism.展开更多
Introduction: This study aimed to discuss about neuroimmune-pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Nerve growth factor (NGF) as modulator of neuro-endocrine-immune (NEI) system plays a critical role in t...Introduction: This study aimed to discuss about neuroimmune-pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Nerve growth factor (NGF) as modulator of neuro-endocrine-immune (NEI) system plays a critical role in tissue survival and homeostasis maintenance. It is a strong marker for sympathetic nerve activity. Women with PCO have enhanced ovarian NGF production. Over the past few decades, PCOS has been discussed as a low grade chronic inflammatory disease. In this study, we investigated the neuromodulator role of serum NGF and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, β, 17A and TNF-α) in women with PCOS. Material and Methods: 171 patients were investigated in two groups: study (n = 85 PCO) and control (n = 86). Serum levels of NGF-α and interleukins IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-17A and TNFα were determined in both groups by ELISA kit. Results: Data of this study showed that the level of NGF-α and IL-17A in serum of PCO women were lower than control group (p α, IL-1β were higher than control group in PCO women (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Probably inflammatory background in PCOS is the main cause of increased serum levels of IL-1α, IL-1β. Reduction of IL-17A and NGF in serum of PCO patients might be under the direct influence of the hyperactivity of sympathetic nervous system (SNS).展开更多
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, associated with chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. The cause of PCOS is multi-factorial and the mechanism i...Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, associated with chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. The cause of PCOS is multi-factorial and the mechanism is still unclear. A number of complications are closely related with PCOS such as infertility, hairy and obesity. Approximately up to one-third of females with PCOs have issues with infertility. Obesity is an independent factor which exacerbates infertility in PCOS, reduces the efficacy of infertility treatment and provokes a greater risk of miscarriage. Preconception counseling and guidelines play an initial major role in infertility treatment. The option of the most appropriate treatment depends upon various factors such as age, tubal patency, quality of sperm, experience, and duration of previous treatments and the level of anxiety of the couple. Tubal patency test and semen analysis are mandatory to decide the suitable treatment. Treatment modalities have two measures—non-pharmacological and the pharmacological. Oral clomiphene citrate remains the first line treatment to trigger ovulation. Gonadotrophin and laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) surgery are the other treatment option. In vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer are the third line treatment and IVF remains the first option in the patient with diagnosed and established bilateral tubal occlusion and/or concentration of recovered motile sperm less than or equal to 5 million. Here, etiology, pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of PCOS are reviewed, and perspectives are given for further research. The recent development, treatment, and diagnosis of PCOS are also highlighted. The summary will be of guiding significance in the prevention and treatment of PCOS.展开更多
基金Supported by Central Level Public Welfare Scientific Research Institute"Advantageous Diseases-Hospital Preparations-New Drug Preparation Research and Development Project"(ZZZ15-XY-CT-01)Major Gynecology Program of Science and Technology Innovation Project,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021A02408).
文摘[Objectives] To explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Qigongwan on PCOS model rats by detecting the changes in sex hormone levels in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and observing the effects of ovarian pathological morphological changes, apoptosis and expression of Wnt/β-β catenin signaling pathway protein. [Methods] Ten of 40 female SD rats were randomly selected as the normal group, and the other 30 rats were treated with letrozole combined with high-fat diet to establish the PCOS rat model. After successful modeling, the model group was randomly divided into Qigongwan group, positive Daying-35 (Ethinylestradiol and Cyproterone Acetate Tablets) group and model group, with 10 rats in each group. Qigongwan group was given 14.7 g/(kg·d) by gavage, Daying-35 group was given 0.21 mg/(kg·d) by oral gavage, and normal group and model group were given the same amount of distilled water, and the intervention lasted for 21 d. ELISA method was used to detect the levels of hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), estradiol (E 2) and progesterone (P) in serum. HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphological changes of ovarian tissues;TUNEL staining was used to observe apoptosis of ovarian tissue granule cells;the expression of Wnt, β-catenin protein in rat ovarian tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. [Results] (i) Compared with the model group, Qigongwan group and Daying-35 group could significantly increase serum E 2 and P levels, significantly reduce serum T levels ( P <0.01), significantly reduce serum LH levels and LH/FSH ratio ( P <0.01), and increase serum FSH levels ( P <0.05) in different degrees. (ii)The results of HE staining showed that compared with the model group, Qigongwan and Daying-35 groups could improve follicular development and reduce atretic follicles in different degrees. Compared with Daying-35 group, the number of GC layers in Qigongwan group was significantly increased. (iii) The results of TUNEL staining showed that compared with the model group, the rate of TUNEL-positive cells in the Qigongwan group and Daying-35 group decreased significantly ( P <0.01). (iv) The immunohistochemical results showed that compared with the model group, the expression levels of wnt and β-catenin in the Qigongwan group and the Daying-35 group increased in different degrees ( P <0.05), and the expression range increased. [Conclusions] Qigongwan can regulate the secretion level of sex hormones such as FSH and LH, improve the pathological damage of ovarian tissue, and inhibit apoptosis of ovarian granule cells, and its mechanism may be related to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
文摘Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, multifaceted, heterogeneous disorder, affecting 4% to 18% of reproductive-aged women and is associated with reproductive, metabolic and psychological dysfunction. In this study we determined the relationship between the time to sleep and serum levels of neurohormones in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Totally 77 PCO patients(case group) and 97 non-PCOS infertile women (control subjects) participated in this study between February 2012 and February 2013. A PSQI sleep questionnaire was completed by each patient in both groups. PSQI sleep questionnaire score and serum concentration of adrenaline, noradrenaline, melatonin, β-endorphin, cortisol and progesterone were compared in two groups. The results of the study indicate that serum levels of melatonin and β-endorphin were lower in women with PCOS. Serum level of stress hormones, adrenaline and noradrenaline were significantly correlated with patients’ sleep time in study group. Serum level of adrenaline in control group was significantly lower in women who wake up earlier in the morning. All hormones except for cortisol had no significant correlation with PSQI global score in both groups and also the people who sleep less than 8 hours had lower cortisol level. These data showed that changes in cortisol in PCO women were due to damage of disturbed sleep at night. Our preliminary work provided this study with new insight into the interactions between sleep-wake cycles in PCO women with specific sleep patterns.
文摘Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common endocrinopathies of women in the reproductive age group. Thyroid hormones have various effects on the reproductive system of female. PCOS and thyroid dysfunction are linked to each other since several years. Objective: To evaluate and detect the thyroid dysfunction in patients with PCOS attending in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methodology: This was a prospective cross sectional study conducted from November 2018 to October 2019 at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh on one hundred and fifty (150) PCOS women of reproductive age (15 - 45 years). All data of the study subjects regarding socio-demographic, anthropometric and clinical manifestations were recorded accordingly. Their thyroid function tests (serum level of FT3, FT4, TSH) were done at the hospital laboratory and results were recorded. Result: Mean (±SD) age of the study subjects was 24.57 ± 4.27 years. The maximum numbers [108 (72.0%)] of PCOS women were between 18 - 25 years age group. Among total (150) study population, 51 (34.0%) were overweight, 36 (24.0%) were obese and 63 (42.0%) were within normal weight level. Hirsutism was found in 87 (58%) study subjects while 24 (16%) subjects had acne in their face, 54 (36%) subjects had oligomenorrhea and 45 (30%) subjects had irregular periods. Among 150 PCOS women, 120 (80%) were married and 30 (20%) were single;of them primary infertility was detected in 58 (48.33%) women followed by the normal fertility status [51 (42.5%)] and 11 (9.17%) had secondary infertility. Among total (150) study subjects, 105 (70%) were in euthyroid state, hypothyroidism was found in 33 (22.0%) subjects and hyperthyroidism was detected in 12 (8%) subjects. Conclusions: Present study demonstrated that, thyroid disorders are prevalent in 30.0% of PCOS patients. Hypothyroidism is almost three-fold more prevalent than hyperthyroidism.
文摘Introduction: This study aimed to discuss about neuroimmune-pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Nerve growth factor (NGF) as modulator of neuro-endocrine-immune (NEI) system plays a critical role in tissue survival and homeostasis maintenance. It is a strong marker for sympathetic nerve activity. Women with PCO have enhanced ovarian NGF production. Over the past few decades, PCOS has been discussed as a low grade chronic inflammatory disease. In this study, we investigated the neuromodulator role of serum NGF and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, β, 17A and TNF-α) in women with PCOS. Material and Methods: 171 patients were investigated in two groups: study (n = 85 PCO) and control (n = 86). Serum levels of NGF-α and interleukins IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-17A and TNFα were determined in both groups by ELISA kit. Results: Data of this study showed that the level of NGF-α and IL-17A in serum of PCO women were lower than control group (p α, IL-1β were higher than control group in PCO women (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Probably inflammatory background in PCOS is the main cause of increased serum levels of IL-1α, IL-1β. Reduction of IL-17A and NGF in serum of PCO patients might be under the direct influence of the hyperactivity of sympathetic nervous system (SNS).
文摘Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, associated with chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. The cause of PCOS is multi-factorial and the mechanism is still unclear. A number of complications are closely related with PCOS such as infertility, hairy and obesity. Approximately up to one-third of females with PCOs have issues with infertility. Obesity is an independent factor which exacerbates infertility in PCOS, reduces the efficacy of infertility treatment and provokes a greater risk of miscarriage. Preconception counseling and guidelines play an initial major role in infertility treatment. The option of the most appropriate treatment depends upon various factors such as age, tubal patency, quality of sperm, experience, and duration of previous treatments and the level of anxiety of the couple. Tubal patency test and semen analysis are mandatory to decide the suitable treatment. Treatment modalities have two measures—non-pharmacological and the pharmacological. Oral clomiphene citrate remains the first line treatment to trigger ovulation. Gonadotrophin and laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) surgery are the other treatment option. In vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer are the third line treatment and IVF remains the first option in the patient with diagnosed and established bilateral tubal occlusion and/or concentration of recovered motile sperm less than or equal to 5 million. Here, etiology, pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of PCOS are reviewed, and perspectives are given for further research. The recent development, treatment, and diagnosis of PCOS are also highlighted. The summary will be of guiding significance in the prevention and treatment of PCOS.
