Advances in the development of amorphous solid dispersions:The role of polymeric carriers

Amorphous solid dispersion(ASD)is one of the most effective approaches for delivering poorly soluble drugs.In ASDs,polymeric materials serve as the carriers in which the drugs are dispersed at the molecular level.To prepare the solid dispersions,there are many polymers with various physicochemical and thermochemical characteristics available for use in ASD formulations.Polymer selection is of great importance because it influences the stability,solubility and dissolution rates,manufacturing process,and bioavailability of the ASD.This review article provides a comprehensive overview of ASDs from the perspectives of physicochemical characteristics of polymers,formulation designs and preparation methods.Furthermore,considerations of safety and regulatory requirements along with the studies recommended for characterizing and evaluating polymeric carriers are briefly discussed.

Recent progress in cationic polymeric gene carriers for cancer therapy

In recent years,various carriers for gene delivery nave been developed for biomedical applications.Among all kinds of gene carriers,cationic polymeric carriers for delivery therapeutic gene as non-viral carriers have received growing interests due to their improved high transfection efficiency with the relative safety.In particular,the advancement of novel polymeric gene carriers has gained much progress in the development of effective anticancer therapy.Herein,this review focused on the development of cationic polymeric carriers for cancer therapy,including polyethylenimine(PEI),polyamidoamine(PAMAM) dendrimers,polylysine(PLL),chitosan and modified cationic polymers.And recent progresses in the development of novel polymeric carriers for gene delivery,such as targeted gene carriers,responsive gene carriers and multifunctional gene carriers,were summarized.Finally,the future perspectives in the development of novel polymeric carriers for delivery gene were presented.

Design of Neutral Carrier for Solvent Polymeric Membrane Iodide Electrode With High Selectivity

Anion-selective electrodes based on dissociated ion-exchangers such as lipophilicquaternary ammonium or phosphonium species always display classical Hofmeister be-havior in the following order: ClO4-】SCN-】I-】Br-】NO2-】Cl-】SO42-.A new sol-vent polymeric membrane electrode based on Schiff base complexes of Co（Ⅱ）[Co（Ⅱ）S]and showing excellent selectivity toward iodide ion is for the first time prepared inour work. The resulting electrodes exhibit fairly low detection limits andpotentiometric anion-selectivity sequences deviated from the Hofmeister pattern.Bis（salicylaldehyde） ethylenediiminecobalt（Ⅱ） [Co（Ⅱ）（salen）], bis（salicylaldehyde）-phenyldiiminecobalt（Ⅱ） [Co（Ⅱ）（salophen）],

In situ sustained release hydrogel system delivering GLUT1 inhibitor and chemo-drug for cancer post-surgical treatment

Systematic administration of small molecular drugs often suffered from the low efficacy and systemic toxicity in cancer therapy.In addition,application of single mode drug usually leads to unsatisfactory therapeutic out-comes.Currently,developing multimodal-drug combination strategy that acts on different pathways without increasing side effects remains great challenge.Here,we developed a hydrogel system that co-delivered glycolysis inhibitor apigenin and chemo-drug gemcitabine to realize combination strategy for combating can-cer with minimal systemic toxicity.We demonstrated that this system can not only eliminate tumor cells in situ,but also induce abscopal effect on various tumor models.These results showed that our study provided a safe and effective strategy for clinical cancer treatment.

PLG-g-mPEG Mediated Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Photoacoustic Imaging Guided Combined Chemo/Photothermal Antitumor Therapy

Under laser irradiation,photothermal therapy(PTT)effectively ablates tumors above 50℃.However,hyperthermia can cause additional damage due to the inevitable heat spread to surrounding healthy tissue.Herein,nanoparticles named as GI@P NPs were designed for enhanced PTT with heat shock protein 90(HSP90)inhibition at temperatures below 50℃to achieve optimal cancer therapy and avoid surrounding damage.GI@P NPs were done by co-loading Garcinia cambogia acid(GA)and photosensitizer IR783 in polymer PLG-g-mPEG to form a nanomedicine,where IR783 with excellent photoacoustic(PA)signal acted as an excellent photothermal therapeutic agent that converted the laser energy into heat to kill tumor cells,GA was used as antitumor drug for chemotherapy and an inhibitor of HSP90 to overcome the heat resistance of tumors for efficient cryo-photothermal therapy,and PLG-g-mPEG can encapsulate IR783 and GA to increase biocompatibility and accumulate effectively in the tumor.After GI@P NPs were injected into the mice,we could observe that the PA signals gradually increased in the tumor region and showed the strongest PA signals at 12 h.Under laser irradiation,the tumor temperature of the mice could raise to about 43.5℃,and the tumor was significantly inhibited after long-term monitoring by PA imaging.As a result,gentle PTT produced by GI@P NPs exhibited good antitumor effects at relatively low temperature and minimized nonspecific thermal damage to normal tissues.The GI@P NPs as nanomedicine enriched our understanding of various applications of polymeric carriers,especially in the biomedical field.

Cisplatin-loaded Poly(L-glutamic acid)-g-Methoxy Poly(ethylene glycol) Nanoparticles as a Potential Chemotherapeutic Agent against Osteosarcoma

Herein, cisplatin-loaded poly（L-glutamic acid）-g-methoxy poly（ethylene glycol） nanoparticles were evaluated as a potential chemotherapeutic agent against osteosarcoma by using alone or with an i RGD（internalizing RGD, CRGDKDPDC）. The release rate of platinum from the cisplatin-loaded nanoparticles CDDP/PLG160-g-m PEG2K（CDDP-NPs） accelerated with the increase of the acidity of the environment. In vitro test demonstrated that CDDP-NPs could inhibit the proliferation of MNNG/Hos osteosarcoma cells with IC50（72 h） of 12.2 μg·mL^-1. In vivo test for MNNG/Hos osteosarcoma tumor bearing mice exhibited that CDDP-NPs had comparable or slightly higher efficacy but significantly lower side effects in comparison with free CDDP. The coadministration of i RGD could further enhance the anticancer efficacy of CDDP-NPs against MNNG/Hos osteosarcoma without bringing obvious side effects. Therefore, CDDP-NPs using alone or with iRGD have great potential for the treatment of osteosarcoma.