Characterization and coagulation performance of polymeric phosphate ferric sulfate on eutrophic water

Polymeric phosphate ferric sulfate (PPFS),a new improved coagulation reagent,was prepared by polymeric ferric sulfate (PFS),Na2HPO4 and NaOH. The degree of iron polymerisation (Fepol) of PPFS was determined by means of the ferron-timed spectroscopy method. Furthermore,the effect of n(P)/n(Fe),alkalization degree,pH value,and PPFS dosage on the removal rate of eutrophic water turbidity and chl-a and ζ-potential of products were also investigated. The experimental results show that the best n(P)/n(Fe) of flocculation effect in stable product of PFFS is 0.3; the best alkalization degree of flocculation effect is 0.2,while the n(P)/n(Fe) is 0.3. Under the neutral and subalkalic (pH value is 7-8) conditions,PPFS achieves the best processing efficiency. PPFS has more excellent turbidity and higher chlorophyl removal rate by studying treatment eutrophic water in comparison with PFS.

Preparation and Application of Polymer Silicate Phosphate Ferric Sulfate Used in High-Viscosity Oil Refining Wastewater Treatment

A new kind of flocculants, named Polymer Silicate Phosphate Ferric Sulfate(PSPFS), was synthesized by ferrous sulfate used as the main material and activated silicic acid as additive. In this paper, High-Viscosity Oil Refining wastewater from Liaohe Petrochemical Corporation was the treatment object. Overall, the in-fluencing factors and synthesis technology conditions of PSPFS were determined by experiments. First of all, the conditions of influencing factors were showed as follows: the mass percent concentration of ferrous sulfate 55%,concentration of sodium silicate 15% , the molar ratio of ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide 1.2:1, oxidation temperature 40 degree Celsius, oxidation time 4 hours, polymerization temperature 60 de-gree Celsius and polymerization time 2 hours. Secondly, the optimal ratios of components were determined by uniform design method. The molar ratio of Fe/Si is 5.0:1, Fe/H2SO4 is 3.2:1, and Fe/P is 18.0:1. At last, the optimal experimental condition was determined as follows: the dosing quantity 200mg/L, pH value 5.5~9, temperature 25~45℃, stirring time 2 min, and standing time 3 min, according to the result of floc-culation experiments with PSPFS. Besides, the result of the comparative experiments showed that the effi-ciency of PSPFS was much better than the reference flocculants.

Effect of sulfate on Cu(Ⅱ)sorption to polymer-supported nano-hydrated ferric oxides:Experimental and modeling studies

Incorporating of hydrous ferric oxide(HFO)inside porous supports with large sizes has become an effective way to decontaminate the water from heavy metals.Ubiquitous anions like sulfate are usually present in high concentrations in water,and might greatly affect adsorption behavior of hybrid HFO.Here,a polymer-based HFO-CPS was fabricated by encapsulating nano-HFO inside a chloromethylated polystyrene polymer(CPS)and the reactivity of HFO-CPS with Cu(Ⅱ)was evaluated in the presence of sulfate ions.Surface complexation theory was firstly employed to describe the effect of sulfate on Cu(Ⅱ)adsorption edges of hybrid HFO-CPS,where constant capacitance model(CCM)was adopted.The available weak adsorption site Fe_((2))OH of hybrid HFO-CPS was found to decrease from 20% Fe to 5% Fe,which might be caused by the pore plugging effect after HFO encapsulation.With the assumption that a ternary complex was formed,the effect of sulfate on Cu(Ⅱ)adsorption by HFO-CPS were successfully described by CCM using the optimized Fe_((2))OH site under different sulfate concentrations(1 or 10 mmol·L^(-1))and Cu/Fe ratios(0.0042 or 0.0252).It is confirmed that the formation of FeOHCuSO4 ternary surface complexes played an important role in enhancing Cu(Ⅱ)adsorption on HFO-CPS in the presence of sulfate.

Properties of polyferric-silicate-sulfate(PFSS) coagulant

Polyferric\|silicate\|sulfate(PFSS),as a new type of coagulant,was prepared by using sodium silicate, sulfuric acid and ferric sulfate as materials.The zeta potential of hydrolyzate of PFSS under different pH values was investigated.The effects of Fe/SiO\-2 molar ratio and dosage of PFSS on turbidity removal were studied. The relation between the optimum coagulation pH range and Fe/SiO\-2 molar ratio was found and the coagulation mechanism of PFSS was discussed.The experimental results showed that Fe/SiO\-2 molar ratio has an effect on the zeta potential of hydrolyzate, the coagulation performance and the optimum coagulation pH range of PFSS and that PFSS gives the best turbidity removal effect when its Fe/SiO\-2 molar ratio was 1.5.

THE PROCESS OF THE EMULSIFIER-FREE POLYMERIZATION IN THE PRESENCE OF BARIUM SULFATE POWDER

The process of emulsifier-free copolymerization of the Styrene-Butyl Acrylate-K_sS_sO_s-water in the presence of Barium Sulfate(BS)powder was investigated under varied conditions within the range of BS powder quantity,initiator concentration and reaction temperature.Experimental results showed that the rate of polymerization is proportional to 0.3-power of the BS quantity and 1.3-power of the initiator concentration.There is a linear relationship of 2/3-power for the conversion and time.A process for the polymerization is propose to explain the experimental results.

Polymer efficiency and sulfate concentration for hybrid EOR application to an acidic carbonate reservoir

Polymers play an important role in hybrid enhanced oil recovery (EOR), which involves both a polymer and low-salinity water. Because the polymer commonly used for low-salinity polymer flooding (LSPF) is strongly sensitive to brine pH, its efficiency can deteriorate in carbonate reservoirs containing highly acidic formation water. In this study, polymer efficiency in an acidic carbonate reservoir was investigated experimentally for different salinity levels and SO42− concentrations. Results indicated that lowering salinity improved polymer stability, resulting in less polymer adsorption, greater wettability alteration, and ultimately, higher oil recovery. However, low salinity may not be desirable for LSPF if the injected fluid does not contain a sufficient number of sulfate (SO42−) ions. Analysis of polymer efficiency showed that more oil can be produced with the same polymer concentration by adjusting the SO42− content. Therefore, when river water, which is relatively easily available in onshore fields, is designed to be injected into an acidic carbonate reservoir, the LSPF method proposed in this study can be a reliable and environmentally friendly method with addition of a sufficient number of SO42− ions to river water.

Investigating the Performance of the Coagulation Process When Using a Combination of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Ferric Polysulfate

In this article, a new type of coagulant material has been investigated and the performance of the coagulation process using this type of coagulant was evaluated. This new type is a combination of zinc oxide nanoparticles and polyferric sulfate (ZnOPFS). The structure of zinc oxide nanoparticles was determined by spectroscopic, X-ray and electron microscopy methods, and based on this, it was determined that ZnOPFS is a complex and mixed compound that is mainly composed of zinc oxide nanoparticles and ferric sulfate. The effects of Zn/Fe (Zn/Fe) molar ratio and aging (time) on acidity and zeta potential were also evaluated using a specific method. The obtained results showed that in the simultaneous deposition process, zinc ions can prevent the formation of polyferric acid coagulation and subsequently improve the stability of ZnOPFS.

Novel Lanthanide Cluster Polymers Based on Cubane-like [Ln4(OH)4]^8＋ Clusters and Sulfate Anions

Two lanthanide-oxo-cluster polymers were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction using Ln_2O_3 as initial lanthanide materials：[Ln_4（SO_4）_4（OH）_4（H_2O）_7]·_4H_2O（Ln = Er 1,Ho 2）,and characterized by PXRD,IR spectra,X-ray single-crystal diffraction,2D IR correlation spectra and UV-visible absorption spectra.Single-crystal X-ray analyses reveal that compounds 1 and 2 are isostructural,and they are both crystallized in the orthorhombic system Pccn space group.Compound 1 is a 3D lanthanide cluster polymer based on tetranuclear cubane-like [Er_4（μ_3-OH）_4]^8＋ cations and SO_4^2- anions.The overall structure of 1 can be assigned to 6-connected pcu-type topology with the point symbol of（4^12.6^3）.

Immobilization of Cd and Pb in soils by polymeric hydroxyl ferric phosphate

A polymeric hydroxyl ferric phosphate(PHFP)was prepared by using a byproduct of titanium dioxide containing ferrous sulfate and phosphates under alkaline condition.The PHFP was used to immobilize lead(Pb)and cadmium(Cd)in soils.Fourier transform infrared spectra,X-ray diffraction were applied to revealing the characteristics of PHFP,and the modified Tessier sequential extraction and column leaching experiment with simulated acid rain were used to assess the effectiveness of immobilization of Cd and Pb in soils by PHFP.The results showed that PHFP was indeed a polymer with complicated OH-Fe-P structure and consisted of Fe6(OH)5(H2O)4(PO4)4(H2O)2and Fe25(PO4)14(OH)24.Moreover,the removal rates of DTPA-extractable Cd and Pb in soils reached up to33%and45%,and the water-soluble Cd and Pb decreased by56%and58%,respectively,when PHFP was added in soils at4%dosage.In addition,the immobilization of Cd and Pb contributed to transforming water soluble,exchangeable and carbonate-bonded fractions to Fe and Mn oxides-bonded,organic-bonded and residual fractions.Under leaching with simulated acid rain,Cd and Pb release amount in PHFP amended soil declined by53%and52%,respectively,as compared with non-treated soil.The result implied that PHFP had a potential application for the remediation of Cd-and Pb-contaminated soils.

Preparation of Conducting Poly N-methylaniline Microsphere and Its Antibacterial Performance to Sulfate Reducing Bacteria

Microspheres of conducting polymers poly N-methylaniline （PNMA） were successfully synthesized through oxidation of N-methylaniline without any template. The average diameter of the microspheres with a smooth surface was about 0.40 μm when 0.2 M N-methylanUine was oxidized with 0.2 M ammonium persulfate in 0.2 M of HClO4 solution. The size of microspheres can be controlled by changing reaction time and temperature. The acid concentration was critical for the formation of microspheres with smooth surfaces. The excellent antibacterial performance of PNMA in novolac epoxy coating to sulfate reducing bacteria was demonstrated. Moreover, in API media, PNMA inhibited growth of SRB and then reduced the corrosion rate of carbon steel remarkably.

Enrichment of ferric iron on mineral surface during bioleaching of chalcopyrite

In order to investigate the enrichment of ferric iron bound by extracellular polymeric substance （EPS） on the mineral surface during bioleaching of chalcopyrite, several methods including sonication, heating and vortexing were used and sonication at 48℃ was shown as a good way to extract ferric iron. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer （EDX） analysis showed that lots of cracks and pits can be found on the chalcopyrite surface after bioleaching and that iron oxide was filled in these cracks and pits. The variations of contents of ferric iron and EPS on the chalcopyrite surface were investigated. The results indicated that the content of EPS increased rapidly in the first 10 d and then maintained at a stable level, while ferric iron content increased all the time, especially in the later stage of bioleaching.

Hollow Bio-derived Polymer Nanospheres with Ordered Mesopores for Sodium-Ion Battery

Bio-inspired hierarchical self-assembly provides elegant and powerful bottom-up strategies for the creation of complex materials.However,the current self-assembly approaches for natural bio-compounds often result in materials with limited diversity and complexity in architecture as well as microstructure.Here,we develop a novel coordination polymerization-driven hierarchical assembly of micelle strategy,using phytic acid-based natural compounds as an example,for the spatially controlled fabrication of metal coordination bio-derived polymers.The resultant ferric phytate polymer nanospheres feature hollow architecture,ordered meso-channels of^12 nm,high surface area of 401 m2 g−1,and large pore volume of 0.53 cm3 g−1.As an advanced anode material,this bio-derivative polymer delivers a remarkable reversible capacity of 540 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1,good rate capability,and cycling stability for sodium-ion batteries.This study holds great potential of the design of new complex bio-materials with supramolecular chemistry.

Study on the Expansion of a Cement-Based System Containing Sap Polymer and Supplementary Cementing Materials

In this paper, the addition of admixed superabsorbent polymer (SAP) improved the microstructure and durability-related properties in a cement-based system with supplementary materials. This is an important issue in real construction projects when good durability properties are required. This study investigates the effect of SAP on the systems using cement replacement by fly ash and silica fume considering the strength properties and durability properties of paste under sulfate attack of cement-based system. The replacement considered in the study was of 10% silica fume and 20% fly ash in each case, the dosage of SAP was 0.25% of the total amount of cementitious material. The results showed that the addition of SAP in the cement-based system improved the compressive strength and reduced expansion to sulfate attack. Scanning electron micrographs showed that utilization of fly ash with silica fume and silica fume with SAP resulted in a much denser microstructure, thereby, leading to an increase in compressive strength and lower expansion under sulfate attack.

人造沸石和PFS去除城镇生活污水氨氮和总磷的实验研究

采用人造沸石和聚合硫酸铁(PFS)处理污水中氨氮和总磷,人造沸石实验采取连续进水模式,从沸石投加量、曝气量和流速(水力停留时间)多角度考察对污水中氨氮的去除,PFS实验从浓度、搅拌转速、混凝时间、沉降时间和取样深度多方面考察对污水中总磷的去除。结果表明:对于NH_(3)-N去除,单独曝气或人造沸石均效果不佳,去除率分别达10.01%±1.69%和49.49%±5.08%,但两者共同作用可极大提升去除效率,达90.55%±1.41%;水力停留时间在2.4~5.5 h范围内越长氨氮出水浓度越低,5.5 h时最低为(2.81±0.14)mg/L。对于TP去除,低浓度PFS(50、100 mg/L)表现出的去除效果不明显,去除率仅达6.62%~10.39%,至400 mg/L时去除率达89.58%±0.79%;转速110 r/min增加至205 r/min,TP去除率仅相差0.27%~3.77%;混凝时间由1 min增至10 min,去除率由52.36%±3.84%提升至87.30%±0.99%,且15 min为最佳沉降时间,之后TP质量浓度趋于平衡;不同取样深度对TP去除无较大影响;最佳实验参数组为PFS浓度400 mg/L,转速110 r/min,混凝10 min后沉降15 min,液面以下池深10%(约2 cm)处取样,出水TP质量浓度可达(0.17±0.01)mg/L,去除率达(89.58±0.79)%,明显优于GB 18918-2002一级A标准。人造沸石和PFS在城镇生活污水氮磷突发状况及深度处理,如某些工艺阶段设备突发事故导致不能运转的紧急情况或出水有深度处理需求的场合具有一定的技术研究和实际应用价值。

SAP、铁氧体与硫酸铁对水泥早强性能的影响

目的为提高瓦斯抽采效果,解决传统封孔水泥早期强度发展缓慢的问题。方法选用高吸水树脂(SAP)、纳米铁氧体和硫酸铁来制备新型封孔材料。通过抗压强度试验、流动度测试、凝结时间测试、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对水泥试样进行结构分析及性能测试,研究三元早强剂对水泥基封孔材料的影响。结果与空白组相比,三元早强剂缩短了水泥的凝结时间,提高了水泥早期强度。1d抗压强度为10.13MPa,与空白组相比提高了51.87%。结论SAP的自养护效应和纳米铁氧体的晶核效应,可以促进水泥水化产物的生成,同时硫酸铁和纳米铁氧体中的铁离子为高价阳离子,对C-S-H形成的双电子层具有压缩作用,可以进一步促进C-S-H凝胶的生成,加快水泥水化速率,生成更多水化产物,填充孔隙,增加水泥密实度,提高早强性能,为水泥早强剂的设计提供了新思路。

聚合硫酸铁对水中聚乙烯微塑料的混凝效果与机理研究

以聚合硫酸铁(Polyferric Sulfate,PFS)和聚乙烯(Polyethylene,PE)微塑料分别作为混凝剂和去除对象,通过改变混凝剂投加量、微塑料粒径、溶液pH值及共存污染物等系统地研究不同条件下PFS对PE微塑料的去除性能。采用X射线光电子能谱(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy,XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)和Zeta电位分析方法初步探讨混凝机理。结果显示:当PFS投加质量浓度为10~550 mg/L时,PE微塑料的去除率随着PFS投加质量浓度的增加而呈升高趋势;加入表面活性剂及碱性条件下,PFS具有更好的混凝沉降性能;在小于500μm的粒径中,PE微塑料粒径为50~150μm时的去除率最高;当混凝剂投加质量浓度为550 mg/L,pH值为8时,去除率可达到98.0%,且优于铝系和天然混凝剂。在六价铬-微塑料共存体系中,微塑料的去除效果未受到显著影响。同时,混凝剂对六价铬的最大去除率可达到15.9%。混凝机理分析表明,电荷中和和吸附架桥作用为PFS对PE微塑料的主要混凝机制。

水处理用絮凝剂对发光细菌的联合毒性研究

随着絮凝剂在污水污泥处理过程的广泛使用,其残留在水处理系统中可能存在的单一或联合毒性效应日益受到关注。以聚合硫酸铁(PFS)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为研究对象,通过发光细菌单一毒性和联合毒性试验探讨其可能造成的毒性效应。结果表明:1)对于单一毒性效应,PFS、PAC和PAM对发光细菌抑制效应的半数效应浓度(EC_(50))分别为29.41、71.82和1072.64 mg/L,毒性效应大小为PFS>PAC>PAM。2)对于二元絮凝剂联合毒性效应,PFS-PAM在毒性比为1∶1混合时具有协同作用,而PAC-PAM在毒性比为1∶3和3∶1混合时均存在拮抗作用。3)采用浓度加和(CA)和独立作用(IA)模型对联合毒性进行预测,PFS-PAM组合实测值与CA模型的预测值相近,而PFS-PAC和PAC-PAM组合实测值与IA模型预测结果相近。4)三维偏差响应面结果显示,试验观测值与CA模型预测值的偏差(dCA)和试验观测值与IA模型预测值的偏差(dIA)会随着絮凝剂浓度变化而变化,CA模型在PFS和PAC浓度较高时拟合程度较好,而对于PAC-PAM体系,IA模型的拟合程度较CA模型好。研究发现,PFS和PAC对发光细菌的毒性效应较强,PFS与PAM混合使用可能会增加毒性效应,对水处理系统中的微生物造成环境风险。

聚合硫酸铁对造纸废水的絮凝性能研究

聚合硫酸铁是一种新型的无机高分子絮凝剂,它能最大程度地发挥其粘结架桥和卷扫絮凝作用,表现出最佳的絮凝效果。以造纸废水为研究对象,聚合硫酸铁絮凝剂对造纸废水的COD和浊度的去除率分别可以达66.83%和85.01%,它的最佳用量是1100 mg/L,最佳pH值是7,最佳搅拌速度是200 r/min。与传统的铁盐铝盐等絮凝剂相比,聚合硫酸铁具有有效pH值范围广(4~11)、出水浊度和色度均较低、COD去除率高、水中残留铁离子少、水解产物脱水性能好、投量少、费用低等优点,对造纸废水的处理具有应用价值。

Al/SO_(4)^(2-)复合改性CrO_(x)/VO_(x)/SiO_(2)双金属催化剂及其乙烯聚合特性研究

采用溶液浸渍及高温煅烧的方法制备了一系列Al/SO_(4)^(2-)复合改性CrO_(x)/VO_(x)/SiO_(2)双金属催化剂,并研究了其催化乙烯聚合特性。结果表明:采用较低的m(Al)∶m(S)改性的双金属催化剂活性较未改性催化剂提升20%~40%;改性前后催化剂均表现出稳定的聚合活性,采用改性催化剂制备的聚合物相对分子质量更高,相对分子质量分布更宽;采用改性前后催化剂制备的聚合物相对分子质量分布均呈双峰,采用改性催化剂时其超高相对分子质量部分含量有所增加,而中、高相对分子质量部分含量明显更少。上述结果为单釜高效合成双峰聚乙烯产品及聚合物相对分子质量调控提供了重要手段。