The polyphenoloxidase（PPO） is the key enzyme considered to be responsible for mushroom browning.By using homology cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends（RACE）,two new PPO genes and the corresponding cDNA wer...The polyphenoloxidase（PPO） is the key enzyme considered to be responsible for mushroom browning.By using homology cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends（RACE）,two new PPO genes and the corresponding cDNA were identified from the fruit bodies of Agaricus bisporus（AbPPO3 and AbPPO4,GenBank accession nos.GU936494 and GU936493,respectively）.The genomic DNA sequences of AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 are 2 080 and 2 189 bp in length,respectively,encoding putative polypeptides of approximately 66 and 68 kDa.The deduced amino acid sequences show characteristic features of two copper-binding domains conserved in the type III copper proteins including fungal polyphenol oxidases.Sequence comparisons indicate that AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 present 55.3% similarity to each other（48% identity）.We also obtained more than 1.5-kb long sequences upstream of the start codon of the AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 and recognized them as their respective putative promoters.Analyses of the two PPO promoter regions show that they contain abundant cis-acting elements which are probably responsible for anaerobic induction,light,wound,stress,and auxin response.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR results indicate that AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 were highly expressed in the mature fruit bodies and up-regulated after 2-d storage of mushroom.These results suggest that AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 may play roles in A.bisporus browning and pigmentation during development and postharvest storage and the elements in promoters may act as regulatory elements for the inducible expression of AbPPO3 and AbPPO4.The successful cloning and expression analysis of AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 warrant a further investigation on the structure and function of A.bisporus PPO which points to the possible targets for genetic manipulation.展开更多
In this study, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL）, polyphenoloxidase （PPO）, and peroxidase （POD） were assayed in cucumber seedlings （Cucumis sativus L.） at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after...In this study, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL）, polyphenoloxidase （PPO）, and peroxidase （POD） were assayed in cucumber seedlings （Cucumis sativus L.） at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after they were infested by Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） using spectrophotometric analysis. The results indicated that herbivore infestation increased the activities of PAL, PPO, and POD. The enzymes showed different activity levels at different times after the infestation. The PAL activity reached the first high peak by 23.1% at 6 h and the highest peak by 29.1% at 48 h compared to the control. The PPO activity reached the first high peak by 22.7% at 6 h and the highest peak by 52.6% at 24 h, and the POD activity reached the highest peak by 213.2% at 6 h and another higher peak value by 135.2% at 96 h. The results suggest that the enhanced activities of the enzymes may contribute to bioprotection of cucumber plants against B. tabaci infestation.展开更多
Six soil enzymes (invertase, acid phosphatase, proteinase, catalase,peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase) were chosen for investigation under different spruce forests withrestoration ages of 4, 10, 16 years and an old-gro...Six soil enzymes (invertase, acid phosphatase, proteinase, catalase,peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase) were chosen for investigation under different spruce forests withrestoration ages of 4, 10, 16 years and an old-growth spruce forest over 400 yearsold in the easternQinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Results showed that the activities of invertase, phosphatase,proteinase, catalase and peroxidase decreased in newly restored forests except forpholyphenoloxidase. With the development of forests after restoration, the activities of invertase,acid phosphadase, proteinase increased gradually. Our study also indicated that the soil enzymeactivities were associated with surface soils and decreased with depths. This result suggested thatin the earlier restoration stage the application of organic fertilizer may be more effective bysurface addition to soils than deep addition.展开更多
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Y306633 and Y3100579)Zhejiang Provincial Edible Fungi Industrial Innovation Team Project of China
文摘The polyphenoloxidase（PPO） is the key enzyme considered to be responsible for mushroom browning.By using homology cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends（RACE）,two new PPO genes and the corresponding cDNA were identified from the fruit bodies of Agaricus bisporus（AbPPO3 and AbPPO4,GenBank accession nos.GU936494 and GU936493,respectively）.The genomic DNA sequences of AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 are 2 080 and 2 189 bp in length,respectively,encoding putative polypeptides of approximately 66 and 68 kDa.The deduced amino acid sequences show characteristic features of two copper-binding domains conserved in the type III copper proteins including fungal polyphenol oxidases.Sequence comparisons indicate that AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 present 55.3% similarity to each other（48% identity）.We also obtained more than 1.5-kb long sequences upstream of the start codon of the AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 and recognized them as their respective putative promoters.Analyses of the two PPO promoter regions show that they contain abundant cis-acting elements which are probably responsible for anaerobic induction,light,wound,stress,and auxin response.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR results indicate that AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 were highly expressed in the mature fruit bodies and up-regulated after 2-d storage of mushroom.These results suggest that AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 may play roles in A.bisporus browning and pigmentation during development and postharvest storage and the elements in promoters may act as regulatory elements for the inducible expression of AbPPO3 and AbPPO4.The successful cloning and expression analysis of AbPPO3 and AbPPO4 warrant a further investigation on the structure and function of A.bisporus PPO which points to the possible targets for genetic manipulation.
文摘In this study, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL）, polyphenoloxidase （PPO）, and peroxidase （POD） were assayed in cucumber seedlings （Cucumis sativus L.） at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after they were infested by Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） using spectrophotometric analysis. The results indicated that herbivore infestation increased the activities of PAL, PPO, and POD. The enzymes showed different activity levels at different times after the infestation. The PAL activity reached the first high peak by 23.1% at 6 h and the highest peak by 29.1% at 48 h compared to the control. The PPO activity reached the first high peak by 22.7% at 6 h and the highest peak by 52.6% at 24 h, and the POD activity reached the highest peak by 213.2% at 6 h and another higher peak value by 135.2% at 96 h. The results suggest that the enhanced activities of the enzymes may contribute to bioprotection of cucumber plants against B. tabaci infestation.
文摘Six soil enzymes (invertase, acid phosphatase, proteinase, catalase,peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase) were chosen for investigation under different spruce forests withrestoration ages of 4, 10, 16 years and an old-growth spruce forest over 400 yearsold in the easternQinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Results showed that the activities of invertase, phosphatase,proteinase, catalase and peroxidase decreased in newly restored forests except forpholyphenoloxidase. With the development of forests after restoration, the activities of invertase,acid phosphadase, proteinase increased gradually. Our study also indicated that the soil enzymeactivities were associated with surface soils and decreased with depths. This result suggested thatin the earlier restoration stage the application of organic fertilizer may be more effective bysurface addition to soils than deep addition.
