An Interpretation of Doris Lessing’s The Grass Is Singing from the Perspective of Polyphonic Theory

The Grass Is Singing, the famous British female writer Doris Lessing’s maiden work, has drawn much critical attention since its publication in 1950. This novel has been studied from many perspectives at home and abroad, including feminism, psychoanalysis, postcolonialism, spatial criticism, etc. In recent years, more and more scholars have paid attention to the complicated and diverse narration of this novel, but few scholars have studied its polyphonic features. This paper tries to explore the polyphonic features of this novel from its diverse narration and the subjectivity of the female protagonist Mary Turner by applying Bakhtin’s polyphonic theory.

Cortical Arousal Strategies in Left-Handers during the Aural Perception and Manual Playback of Mono-and Polyphonic Rhythmical Patterns

The actual purpose of this study is to establish the cortical arousal strategies （according to the power of the EEG （electroencephalogram） a-oscillations） during the aural perception as well as manual playback of mono- and polyphonic rhythmical patterns in men with left profile. The study involved 35 men from 19 to 21 years old with the left profile of the manual and aural asymmetries. EEG was recorded in the functional status of rest： during the aural perception and playback of mono- and polyphonic rhythmical patterns with the left and right hand fingers. The monophony in the rhythmical pattern sounding relative to monophonic patterns is followed by more expressed and widespread cortical processes of the EEG a-oscillation depression. Given patterns indicate a greater intensity of ascending nonspecific arousal strategies of data processing by men on conditions of the sound and harmonious complications of the pattern structure. The aural perception and playback of rhythmical patterns with both hands were accompanied by the increased significance of arousal processes in the right hemisphere. This may be due to the dominant role of the hemisphere during the formation of the innervation impacts on the left-hander＇s neuro-motor apparatus. More differentiated changes in the cerebral cortex were installed during the left hand activation.

Translation as Interpretation

This article is devoted to the study of one of the most important questions of philology—translation which throughout its centuries-long and rich history has been considered a sphere of philological activity of utmost significance providing an exceptional possibility for recoding and bringing philological and cultural traditions within the reach of people at large.Through the application of a variety of methods(linguo-stylistic,linguo-poetic,and comparative),the author attempts to study the process of translation,the clash of difficulties inevitably arising in that process,and offers solutions that will help recreate the vitality of the original and the uniqueness of linguistic thinking.Emphasis on the importance of the consideration of intra-and inter-linguistic correlations of language units in the original work of literature drives the author to the conclusion that the most reliable approach to literary translation is to be guided by the principle of“metaphoric displacement”.

The Narrative Perspectives Manifested in AI-Kharrat＇s Novels

This study deals with two novels of Eduar AI-Kharrat： Rama wal-Tinnin （Rama and the Dragon, 1979） and al-Zaman al-Akhar （The Other Time, 1985）. The text in both novels is of the pluralist, polyphonic and modernistic type and the real and the imaginary are juxtaposed. The narrative imitates at its diverse levels the internal conflict, argument, and uncertainty of the protagonist Michael, who finally finds his self-realization in an imaginary time, ＂the other time＂, which is also the title of one of the novels. The present study focuses on the transformation and alternation of the perspectives and the narrative vision through the destruction of the narrator＇s identity and the text itself, the analysis of the narrative shift between the first and third person, the fragmentation of the self, the ambiguity of the signs, the severity of the crisis, and the psychological conflict at its diverse levels and multiplicities. Toward this plurality and shift, it is necessary to systematically depend upon what the theories of Bakhtin and Genette have to offer in order to cover the narrative levels and multiple voices prevailing in the texts.