Efficient and selective removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from landfill leachate using L-serine-modified polyethylene/polypropylene nonwoven fabric synthesized via radiation grafting technique

In this study,to efficiently remove Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous environments,a novel L-serine-modified polyethylene/polypropylene nonwoven fabric sorbent(NWF-serine)was fabricated through the radiation grafting of glycidyl methacrylate and subsequent L-serine modification.The effect of the absorbed dose was investigated in the range of 5–50 kGy.NWF-serine was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,and scanning electron microscopy.Batch adsorption tests were conducted to investigate the influences of pH,adsorption time,temperature,initial concentration,and sorbent dosage on the Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption performance of NWF-serine.The results indicated that Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption onto NWF-serine was an endothermic process,following the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model.The saturated adsorption capacity was 198.1 mg/g.NWF-serine exhibited Pb(Ⅱ) removal rates of 99.8% for aqueous solutions with initial concentrations of 100 mg/L and 82.1% for landfill leachate containing competitive metal ions such as Cd,Cu,Ni,Mn,and Zn.Furthermore,NWF-serine maintained 86% of its Pb(Ⅱ) uptake after five use cycles.The coordination of the carboxyl and amino groups with Pb(Ⅱ) was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis.

A Circular Economy Use of Post-Consumer Polypropylene Packaging for Low Thermal Conductive and Fire-Retardant Building Material Applications

Wastes from polypropylene(PP)packages are accumulating every year because it is one of the most widely consumed and short lifecycle products.This paper aims to develop low thermal conductive and fire-retardant materials from post-consumer PP(pPP)packages.Ammonium polyphosphate(APP)and hollow glass microsphere(HGM)were further added to improve the fire retardancy and thermal conductivity of pPP.The influence of APP and HGM on the mechanical and thermal properties,fire retardancy and thermal conductivity of pPP were investigated and compared with that of virgin PP(vPP).HGM was constantly added at 5 wt%while the content of APP was varied from 5 to 20 wt%.Experimental results showed that the tensile and flexural strengths were reduced with increasing APP concentrations.A morphological study confirmed the poor interfacial adhesion and debonding of each component during the applied load.Formulations containing APP less than 10 wt%did not show a satisfying fire retardancy rating due to the long self-extinguishing time.Further flame dipping and cotton ignition were observed for these formulations.With 15 and 20 wt%APP,the fire rating was significantly improved from no rating to V-0.The conductive heat transfer coefficient(k)was reduced by the presence of HGM.Based on these results,the formulation with 15 and 20 wt%could be used as a low k,fire-retardant building material.

表面改性剂对填充PP型滑石粉的研究

研究了滑石粉表面改性后对聚丙烯(PP)管材的影响规律。将滑石粉、聚丙烯、表面改性剂等原料在塑料混炼机上充分混合,制成复合材料,用万能试验机测试其力学性能,采用傅里叶红外变换仪及XRD等分析复合材料的微观结构及官能团。结果表明,改性滑石粉与聚丙烯很有规律的复合,微观结构分布均匀,官能团发生了较大变化,PP∶滑石粉(改性后)=1∶3的复合材料力学性能达最佳。

不同官能团修饰碳纳米管填充PP复合材料分子模拟

随着光伏发电和海上发电等新型清洁能源的迅速发展,对薄膜电容器的工作温度提出了更高的要求。然而,当前使用最泛的双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)电容器薄膜在高温以上时无法胜任应用需求。基于实验与仿真的方法,对聚丙烯(PP)、碳纳米管及羟基、氨基、羧基功能化碳纳米管(CNTs-COOH)填充PP复合体系进行热重试验、玻璃化转变温度、热导率、自由体积分数和均方位移等性能的研究。结果表明,经羧基修饰的碳纳米管与PP复合后的热学性能增加效果最为显著,氨基、羟基修饰的碳纳米管体系次之。CNTs-COOH复合材料具有更优异的性能,其起始热分解温度和玻璃化转变温度分别提高了76.15℃和40.33℃,热导率较纯PP体系提高了18.27%,自由体积分数降低至17.96%。羧基的加入能够有效占据PP/CNTs复合体系中的空穴,减缓复合体系分子链段的移动和降低复合体系的均方位移,使得PP复合体系保持良好的热稳定性。研究结果可为适用于高温条件的PP电容器薄膜材料提供参考。

基于改性PP成型的工控机电路板支撑架注射模设计

针对工控机电路板支撑架大型塑件的成型,选用了一种玻纤改性增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料用于塑件的注射成型。模具结构为三板模结构,分3次开模打开。为保证塑件模腔充填均衡性、饱满性而设计了两个点浇口用于模腔的浇注。针对塑件二级子特征较多,特别是异型螺柱深筋位较多的特点,设计了多个局部镶件用于这些局部特征的成型,在提高局部成型镶件强度的同时,降低了这些成型件的加工难度。针对模腔局部位置排气难点,设置了多个透气镶件以增强排气。设置了锁扣机构、定距拉杆机构用于模具的开模闭模控制;设计了弹料机构用于流道废料的可靠脱模、定位机构以确保塑件的成型精度和模具工作寿命;3个滑块机构用于塑件侧壁直壁及直壁上侧孔的成型与脱模。模具结构形式合理,成型件便于加工且实用可靠,能为同类模具设计提供有益借鉴。

过滤吸油用PP/PE双组分熔喷非织造布的性能测试研究

以不同质量比的聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)为原料制得PP/PE双组分熔喷非织造布,测试分析了PP/PE双组分熔喷非织造布的性能。结果表明:PP/PE双组分熔喷非织造布的纤网呈现蓬松杂乱的三维结构,纤维直径较细,孔隙率较高;随着PE添加比例增大,PP/PE双组分熔喷非织造布的面密度和厚度增大,拉伸断裂强力、顶破强力略有下降,硬挺度下降,透气性增大;当PP/PE质量比为73时,PP/PE双组分熔喷非织造布的水接触角在129°左右,吸油倍数为18.75,20 s内吸油高度为1.7 mm,空气过滤效率为56.82%,综合性能较好,可应用于过滤、吸油等领域。

Influence ofβ-nucleating Compound Agents on the Mechanical Properties and Crystallization Behavior of Polypropylene Random Copolymer

A novel polypropylene random(PPR)composite materials with optimized properties was developed by addingβ-nucleating compound agents(rare earth complex WBG-2 and aryl amide derivative TMB-5)and ternary compound modifier(TPE/WBG-2/CaCO_(3)).The effects of differentβ-nucleating agents and ternary compound modifier on the mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of PPR were analyzed.The results show that,compared with pure PPR materials,both WBG-2 and TMB-5 could significantly improve the impact strength of PPR.The crystallization temperature of PPR increased with the addition ofβ-nucleating agent.The modified PPR prepared with ternary compound modifier showed the most excellent comprehensive properties.

Properties of PEG/thermally modified wood flour/polypropylene (PP) composites

In order to improve the dimensional stability of wood-polymer composites, wood flour pre-treated by polyethylene glycol （PEG） at two different concentrations and then thermally treated at 140℃, was used as raw material to produce wood flour/poly- propylene （PP） composites at a wood content of 40%. The structure of modified wood flour was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope （SEM） and its effect on the physical and mechanical properties of wood flour/PP composites was evaluated. The SEM results indicated the ＂bulking＂ effect of PEG on wood flour, which resulted in reduced water uptake. The combination of PEG and heat treatment further improved the moisture resistance of the composites. However, PEG modification had a negative effect on the flexural modulus of rupture （MOR） and the modulus of elasticity （MOE）; whereas heat treatment partly compensated for this reduc- tion. For dynamic mechanical properties, PEG treatment decreased the storage modulus （E＇）. However, the heat treatment resulted in an increase orE＇ of the wood flour/PP composites, with the temperature of loss factor peaks shifting to a higher temperature.

Rotator cuff repair with an interposition polypropylene mesh:A biomechanical ovine study

BACKGROUND Chronic large to massive rotator cuff tears are difficult to treat and re-tears are common even after surgical repair.We propose using a synthetic polypropylene mesh to increase the tensile strength of rotator cuff repairs.We hypothesize that using a polypropylene mesh to bridge the repair of large rotator cuff tears will increase the ultimate failure load of the repair.AIM To investigate the mechanical properties of rotator cuff tears repaired with a polypropylene interposition graft in an ovine ex-vivo model.METHODS A 20 mm length of infraspinatus tendon was resected from fifteen fresh sheep shoulders to simulate a large tear.We used a polypropylene mesh as an interposition graft between the ends of the tendon for repair.In seven specimens,the mesh was secured to remnant tendon by continuous stitching while mattress stitches were used for eight specimens.Five specimens with an intact tendon were tested.The specimens underwent cyclic loading to determine the ultimate failure load and gap formation.RESULTS The mean gap formation after 3000 cycles was 1.67 mm in the continuous group,and 4.16 mm in the mattress group(P=0.001).The mean ultimate failure load was significantly higher at 549.2 N in the continuous group,426.4 N in the mattress group and 370 N in the intact group(P=0.003).CONCLUSION The use of a polypropylene mesh is biomechanically suitable as an interposition graft for large irreparable rotator cuff tears.

自成核行为在CF/PPS复合材料中的差异性与普适性

以半结晶高分子为基体的碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料,其基体的结晶行为将受到碳纤维表面性质与热历史的共同影响。当这种材料在经历反复加热冷却的热循环过程时,基体会产生自成核行为,其结晶过程变得更加复杂。通过三种T300级碳纤维分别制备了碳纤维增强聚苯硫醚(CF/PPS)复合材料,并探究了二次熔融温度与CF/PPS复合材料结晶行为的关系,揭示了不同碳纤维表面性质对CF/PPS复合材料自成核行为的影响。在此基础上阐明了CF/PPS复合材料基体自成核与CF异相成核的竞争关系。最后,通过冲压成型制得具有自成核行为的CF/PPS复合材料角片,验证了自成核对于CF/PPS复合材料二次热成型技术的有效性与重要性。

Preparation of Ultra-nano Talcum in Sand Mill and Its Application in the Polypropylene

The grinding of ultra-fine talcum powder and its application in a polypropylene （PP） matrix were investigated. Ultra-fine talcum powder was prepared by adjusting the grinding parameters of the physical milling process. The talcum powder exhibited polymodal distribution. The layered morphology of talcum particles in a horizontal sand mill was rarely damaged or destroyed. PP-talcum nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending using a twin-screw extruder. Nano talcum can be seen as a single particle, although it is not very apparent. The bending strength of talcum-filled PP was gradually increased by approximately 28%. The impact strength linearly decreased as the filler weight ratio increased. The overall maximum improvement in mechanical properties was recorded when the filler ratios increased from 15 wt% to 20 wt%.

Preliminary study of viscoelastic properties of MAPP-modified wood flour/polypropylene composites

Viscoelastic properties of maleated polypropylene （MAPP）-modified wood flour/polypropylene composites （WPC） were investigated by both a compression stress relaxation method and dynamic mechanical analyses （DMA）. Three wood to polymer ratios （40：60, 60：40, and 80：20） and five MAPP loading levels （0, 1, 2, 4 and 8%） were used to study their effects on the viscoelastic prop- erties of MAPP-WPC. The results show that： 1） higher wood to polymer ratio corresponds to higher stress relaxation levels for unmodified WPC. The modification with MAPP has an obvious effect on the stress relaxation of MAPP-WPC at higher wood to polymer ratios （60：40 and 80：20）, but almost no effect at the 40：60 wood to polymer ratio. The optimal MAPP loading level for the wood to polymer ratio of 60：40 appears at 1%; 2） the storage modulus reaches its maximum at a MAPP loading level of 1% for wood to polymer ratios of 40：60 and 60：40, while for the 80：20 wood to polymer ratio, a higher storage modulus is observed at higher MAPP loading levels, which is quite consistent with the stress relaxation results. The results suggested that a suitable loading level of MAPP has a positive effect on the viscoelastic properties of WPC at higher wood to polymer ratios. Excessive MAPP loading would have resulted in adverse effects.

Functionalization of Polypropylene with High Dielectric Properties: Applications in Electric Energy Storage

Biaxial-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) thin films are currently used as dielectrics in state-of-the-art capacitors that show many advantages, such as low energy loss and high breakdown strength, but a limited energy density ( 600 MV/m. The PP-OH dielectric demonstrates a linear reversible charge storage behavior with high releasing energy density > 7 J/cm3 (2 - 3 times of BOPP) after an applied electric field at E = 600 MV/m, without showing any significant increase of energy loss and remnant polarization at zero electric field. On the other hand, a cross-linked polypropylene (x-PP) exhibits an ε ~ 3, which is independent of a wide range of temperatures and frequencies, slim polarization loops, high breakdown strength (E = 650 MV/m), narrow breakdown distribution, and reliable energy storage capacity > 5 J/cm3 (double that of state-of-the-art BOPP capacitors), without showing any increase in energy loss.

Development and Application of Expanded Polypropylene Foam

The products of expanded polypropylene（EPP） is widely explored and used. the PP modification methods, the preparation methods of EPP and the molding technology of EPP were reviewed. The application of EPP in the field of sporting equipment were also discussed. This paper may provide theoretical foundation for the applications and developments of EPP.

Synthesis and Application of Novel Triazine-Based Charring-Foaming Agents in Intumescent Flame Retardant Polypropylene

Three novel triazine-based charring-foaming agents (M2-CFA,M4-CFA,and M6-CFA) were synthesized successfully with only water as the solvent and were characterized by FT-IR and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA).These three charring-foaming agents and the byproduct 944-by were employed to study the effectiveness of the novel intumescent flame retardant dopant on the fire retardancy of polypropylene (PP) investigated through UL-94 and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests.TGA results showed that the M4-CFA presented good char formation ability (char residue: 26.8% at 700 ℃).It was found that the sample with a 2/1 mass ratio of APP to M4-CFA exhibited the best flame retardancy among all the PP composites: 35.5% LOI and a V-0 rating of UL-94.Additionally,the microstructure and morphology of char residues were further studied by XRD,Raman spectroscopy and SEM.

废弃PP纤维再生混凝土基本力学性能试验

目的 针对纤维体积掺量、长径比、再生骨料取代率等因素,探究废弃PP纤维对再生混凝土力学性能的影响,提高废弃纤维利用率。方法 以废弃PP打包带制成不同长径比的纤维作为筋材,以不同体积掺量与不同再生骨料取代率的再生混凝土混合制成11组废弃PP纤维再生混凝土试块,对其进行抗压和抗拉试验。结果 立方体抗压、抗拉强度最佳时的废弃PP纤维体积掺量为1.5%,长径比为47.85;废弃PP纤维再生混凝土的立方体抗压、抗拉强度与再生骨料取代率有关,其强度与再生骨料取代率近似呈线性关系。结论 废弃PP纤维的掺入可以提高再生混凝土的立方体抗压强度和抗拉强度。

Alternative Diesel Grade Fuel Transformed from Polypropylene (PP) Municipal Waste Plastic Using Thermal Cracking with Fractional Column Distillation

Day by day worldwide use of plastics is increasing because of their light weight and durable characteristics. Waste plastics are major environmental problems all over the world. Waste plastics are not bio-degradable, it remains in the landfill for a long period of time causing vegetation and aquatic ecosystem dilemmas. Abandoned waste plastic thrown into the ocean causes friction of ocean waves and then broken down by sunlight into small pieces and takes the shape of plastic like soup. Aquatic organism mistakes the plastic soup as their food and can’t digest, either they die or through food chain it affects human health. To avoid severe environmental degradation problems of waste plastics some countries and big cities banned or restricted the use of plastic products. The worldwide generation of waste plastics is approximately 280 million tons/year. All most all of these waste plastics are dumped either in land or ocean. City municipalities spend huge amount of money each year just to dispose of these waste plastics into landfill because most waste plastics are not recycled. When the waste plastics are subjected to incineration, they release harmful toxic gas into the environment causing severe pollution. These waste plastics gradually enhance the hazardous environmental problems. Generally plastics are made from crude oil, however crude oil is a very limited natural resource and non-renewable. Every year millions of barrels of crude oil are to produce the waste plastics and when plastics are discarded after use the energy source is lost. A new developed technology plan minimizes the environment pollution problems simultaneously boost up energy sector by renovating the waste plastics into high energy content fuel. The produced fuel is obtained using a unique thermal degradation of waste plastics and converting them into hydrocarbon fuel like materials. Preliminary tests proved that this fuel burns cleaner and the production cost is very low. Unique production setup demonstrated to produce 93% fuel from waste plastic in the pilot scale. The Fuel produced has been tested and proven to work on majority types of internal combustion engines. This technology utilized can avoid waste plastic pollution problem worldwide by the implementation of newly developed technology. Through the utilization of the technology the use of reliable plastics won’t need to be banned and serve as a very reliable alternate source of energy. The technology will also help reduce a significant amount of import oil from foreign countries and help provide a steady economy.

Effect of Polypropylene Fiber on the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Loess with Different Water Content

Fiber-reinforced soils have been of great interest to experimenters for building foundations’strength performance,time,and economy.This paper investigates the effects of water content and polypropylene fiber dosage and length on loess’s unconfined compressive strength(UCS)according to the central composite response surface design test procedure.The water content is 11%–25%,the mass ratio of fiber to soil is 0.1%–0.9%,and the fiber length ranges from 6–18 mm.The response surface method(RSM)developed full quadratic models of different variables with response values.After analysis of variance(ANOVA),the mathematical model developed in this study was statistically significant(p≤0.05)and applicable to the optimization process.The optimization results showed that the optimal water content values,fiber amount,and fiber length were 16.41%,0.579%,and 14.90 mm,respectively.The unconfined compressive strength of the optimized specimens was increased by 288.017 kPa.The research results can reference the design and construction of fiber-reinforced soil in practical projects such as road base engineering and foundation engineering.

Application of FTA based on SDG-HAZOP for production of polypropylene

The SDG-HAZOP(Signed Directed Graph,Hazard and Operability Analysis) is a qualitative safety assessment method,which is comprehensive,systematic and complete.However the result is tedious and large.Fault tree analysis(FTA) is a logical and diagrammatic method,which is proved to be a useful quantitative analysis tool to evaluate the safety and reliability of complex systems.So a FTA based on SDG-HAZOP quantitative method was proposed in this paper.Firstly,the SDG-HAZOP and the FTA were established on the background of polypropylene production devices in the Sinopec Wuhan Branch.Secondly,the probability of top event was calculated by reliable data from the probability of basic events.Finally,the targeted measures were proposed to prevent fatal potential dangerous situations by probability calculation.