Adenophora polysaccharides (AP), is an active principle extracted from the root of Adenophorae Potaninii Korsh originated in Gansu Province and isolated with boiling water(1). AP is isolated and purified from the crud...Adenophora polysaccharides (AP), is an active principle extracted from the root of Adenophorae Potaninii Korsh originated in Gansu Province and isolated with boiling water(1). AP is isolated and purified from the crude drug by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200 column, with a white powder and mean molecular weight of 8. 3×104 , and [α]D20 of AP is +68(1). AP is only composed of glucose judging展开更多
AIMS To evaluate the effects of chronic alcohol abuse on the mucosal permeability to lipopolysaccharide in the colon in rats. METHODS Escherichia coil lipopolysaccharide (LPS,20 μg/ml) was injected into the colon of ...AIMS To evaluate the effects of chronic alcohol abuse on the mucosal permeability to lipopolysaccharide in the colon in rats. METHODS Escherichia coil lipopolysaccharide (LPS,20 μg/ml) was injected into the colon of chronic alcoholic rats (n=10) and the rats were supplied with Lieber diets every other day for 6 weeks. Before LPS injection and 5,10,20,30 minutes after injection, blood samples from the portal vein were obtained and contents of LPS in the blood were measured. The dis- tribution of LPS in the colon tissues was observed with a confocal laser scanning microscope by immunofluo- rescent technique using a monoclonal antibody specific to the lipid A region of LPS. Normal rats were used as controls (n=6). RESULTS Before LPS injection in the colon,LPS levels in the blood of portal vein of chronic alcoholic rats were significantly higher than those of normal con- trols (3.56±0.67 pg/ml,vs 2.45±0.15 pg/ml,P <0.01). At 5,10,20,30 minutes after injection of LPS,LPS contents were significantly higher than those before LPS injection (173.56±23.45 pg/ml,154.78 ±20.57 pg/ml,43.89±8.67 pg/ml,45.38± 7.89 pg/mls vs 3.56±0.67 pg/ml,P<0.01 respectively). Most mucosal cells showed strong posi- tive reactions to LPS in the rats of chronic alcohol abuse,but no significant changes of LPS contents in blood from the portal vein and fluorescent reactions to LPS in mucosal cells of normal rats were found after LPS injection. CONCLUSIONS Chronic alcohol abuse resulted in a significant increase of permeability to LPS in colon mu- cosal cells in rats.展开更多
Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP),Astragalus polysaccharide (APS),polysaccharide of Acanthopanax senticosus(PAS)and polysaccharide of bacterial lipopolysaccharide(PS)on the induction of lymphokine-activat...Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP),Astragalus polysaccharide (APS),polysaccharide of Acanthopanax senticosus(PAS)and polysaccharide of bacterial lipopolysaccharide(PS)on the induction of lymphokine-activated killer(LAK)cells from C57BL/6 murine splenocytes were studied using [^(125)I]UdR release assay.The four polysaccharides alone were shown to induce no cytotoxicity.When combined with human recombination interleukin-2(rlL-2),they augmented LAK cell activities in a dose-dependent manner,most markedly at 0.01～0.1 mg·ml^(-1)for LBP,0.01 mg·ml^(-1) for APS and PAS,and 0.01 μg·ml^(-1) for PS.They increased LAK cell activity in a short range of rIL-2 concentrations(250～1000U·ml^(-1)).They were shown to inhibit LAK cell activity when used beyond the suitable dosage.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the changes of polysaccharides content in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis and its pharmacological action. The results showed that different growth years, different periods, differe...This study was conducted to investigate the changes of polysaccharides content in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis and its pharmacological action. The results showed that different growth years, different periods, different habitats and different external factors had influences on the change of polysaccharide content in Den- drobii Officinalis Caulis. Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis has certain effects of enhancing immunity, resisting fatigue and oxidation, promoting digestion and salivation secretion, reducing blood sugar and blood pressure, resisting tumor and liver injury, and relaxing bowels. Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis polysaccharides are the main effective components in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis. The control of Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis polysaccharide content is of great significance to the assurance of the yield and quality of Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis material.展开更多
Bacteriophages infected different serotypes of Klebsiella were isolated from sewage. Among them, a heatstable polysaccharide depolymerase enzyme which could degrade bacterial exopolysaccharide effectively was prepared...Bacteriophages infected different serotypes of Klebsiella were isolated from sewage. Among them, a heatstable polysaccharide depolymerase enzyme which could degrade bacterial exopolysaccharide effectively was prepared from the phage infecting Klebsiella K13. Treatment at 60℃ for 30 min could inactivate most of the K13 phage, with the titration decreasing from 6.4×10^8 PFU/mL to 1.6×10^6 PFU/mL. However, no obvious loss of phage enzyme activity was found after this treatment. The optimum hydrolytic temperature of phage enzyme was 60℃, with an activity 57 % higher than that at 30℃. The addition of phage enzyme could result in a rapid decrease of viscosity of exopolysaccharide （EPS） solution within minutes, indicating that K13 phage polysaccharide depolymerase acts as a kind of endo-glycanohydrolase. HPLC and reducing sugar analysis showed that the hydrolysis of EPS approached approximately the maxi-mum at 4h when the final concentration of phage was 6.0 x los PFU/mL. The results showed that K/eb-siella K13 phage depolymerase enzyme could be used as a good tool for the preparation of EPS oligosac- charide.展开更多
Cordyceps militaris is a famous medicinal and edible fungus,whose polysaccharides are important biologically active substances.In recent years,the molecular structure and pharmacological functions of C.militaris polys...Cordyceps militaris is a famous medicinal and edible fungus,whose polysaccharides are important biologically active substances.In recent years,the molecular structure and pharmacological functions of C.militaris polysaccharides were fully studied.However,the potential mechanism of their pharmacological functions and their chemical modification have not been systematically elucidated.Moreover,the obtention and usage of C.militaris polysaccharides present several issues,including low polysaccharide yields and poor pharmacological functions in industrial production.This review presents the latest results on the pharmacological mechanism of C.militaris,including information on how to improve C.militaris industrial production through stabilization of the strain to prevent degeneration and chemical modifications of its polysaccharides.In addition,this article examines C.militaris fermentation conditions,the polysaccharides extraction methods developed for industrial production,and the strategies to increase the yield of polysaccharides and improve their pharmacological functions.This review could provide a theoretical basis for future research on C.militaris polysaccharides,and also serve as an important reference value in the field of functional foods and medicine.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential beneficial effects of Inonotus obliquuspolysaccharides(IOP) on the alleviation of physical fatigue in mice.METHODS: Sixty-four male mice were randomly divided into four groups(n = ...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential beneficial effects of Inonotus obliquuspolysaccharides(IOP) on the alleviation of physical fatigue in mice.METHODS: Sixty-four male mice were randomly divided into four groups(n = 16 per group). Mice were orally administered IOP for a period of 14 days at 0,100,200 and 300 mg/kg/d,and were assigned to the control,IOP-100,IOP-200,and IOP-300 groups,respectively by the random number table method. Mice in the control group received an oral administration of sterile distilled water. A forced swimming test was performed for 8 mice per group at one hour after the last treatment. The other 8mice in each group swam for 30 min. Blood,liver and muscle samples were taken after resting for30 min. Levels of blood urea nitrogen and lactate,as well as glycogen contents of the liver and muscle were measured. Morphology of liver was observed by light microscopy.RESULTS: IOP extended the swimming time of mice,and increased the glycogen content of liver and muscle,but decreased blood lactic acid and serum urea nitrogen levels. IOP had no toxic effects on major organs such as the liver as assessed by histopathological examinations.CONCLUSION: IOP might be a potential anti-fatigue pharmacological agent.展开更多
Predatory bacteriophages have evolved a vast array of depolymerases for bacteria capture and deprotection.These depolymerases are enzymes responsible for degrading diverse bacterial surface carbohydrates.They are expl...Predatory bacteriophages have evolved a vast array of depolymerases for bacteria capture and deprotection.These depolymerases are enzymes responsible for degrading diverse bacterial surface carbohydrates.They are exploited as antibiofilm agents and antimicrobial adjuvants while rarely inducing bacterial resistance,making them an invaluable asset in the era of antibiotic resistance.Numerous depolymerases have been investigated preclinically,with evidence indicating that depolymerases with appropriate dose regimens can safely and effectively combat different multidrug-resistant pathogens in animal infection models.Additionally,some formulation approaches have been developed for improved stability and activity of depolymerases.However,depolymerase formulation is limited to liquid dosage form and remains in its infancy,posing a significant hurdle to their clinical translation,compounded by challenges in their applicability and manufacturing.Future development must address these obstacles for clinical utility.Here,after unravelling the history,diversity,and therapeutic use of depolymerases,we summarized the preclinical efficacy and existing formulation findings of recombinant depolymerases.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of depolymerases as therapeutics for humans were assessed to provide insights for their further development.展开更多
基金This project was supported by Natural Science Founda-tion of China(No:39730480)
文摘Adenophora polysaccharides (AP), is an active principle extracted from the root of Adenophorae Potaninii Korsh originated in Gansu Province and isolated with boiling water(1). AP is isolated and purified from the crude drug by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200 column, with a white powder and mean molecular weight of 8. 3×104 , and [α]D20 of AP is +68(1). AP is only composed of glucose judging
基金Supported by the Youth Natural Scientific Foundation of Shanxi Province No.93017,95013.
文摘AIMS To evaluate the effects of chronic alcohol abuse on the mucosal permeability to lipopolysaccharide in the colon in rats. METHODS Escherichia coil lipopolysaccharide (LPS,20 μg/ml) was injected into the colon of chronic alcoholic rats (n=10) and the rats were supplied with Lieber diets every other day for 6 weeks. Before LPS injection and 5,10,20,30 minutes after injection, blood samples from the portal vein were obtained and contents of LPS in the blood were measured. The dis- tribution of LPS in the colon tissues was observed with a confocal laser scanning microscope by immunofluo- rescent technique using a monoclonal antibody specific to the lipid A region of LPS. Normal rats were used as controls (n=6). RESULTS Before LPS injection in the colon,LPS levels in the blood of portal vein of chronic alcoholic rats were significantly higher than those of normal con- trols (3.56±0.67 pg/ml,vs 2.45±0.15 pg/ml,P <0.01). At 5,10,20,30 minutes after injection of LPS,LPS contents were significantly higher than those before LPS injection (173.56±23.45 pg/ml,154.78 ±20.57 pg/ml,43.89±8.67 pg/ml,45.38± 7.89 pg/mls vs 3.56±0.67 pg/ml,P<0.01 respectively). Most mucosal cells showed strong posi- tive reactions to LPS in the rats of chronic alcohol abuse,but no significant changes of LPS contents in blood from the portal vein and fluorescent reactions to LPS in mucosal cells of normal rats were found after LPS injection. CONCLUSIONS Chronic alcohol abuse resulted in a significant increase of permeability to LPS in colon mu- cosal cells in rats.
文摘Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP),Astragalus polysaccharide (APS),polysaccharide of Acanthopanax senticosus(PAS)and polysaccharide of bacterial lipopolysaccharide(PS)on the induction of lymphokine-activated killer(LAK)cells from C57BL/6 murine splenocytes were studied using [^(125)I]UdR release assay.The four polysaccharides alone were shown to induce no cytotoxicity.When combined with human recombination interleukin-2(rlL-2),they augmented LAK cell activities in a dose-dependent manner,most markedly at 0.01～0.1 mg·ml^(-1)for LBP,0.01 mg·ml^(-1) for APS and PAS,and 0.01 μg·ml^(-1) for PS.They increased LAK cell activity in a short range of rIL-2 concentrations(250～1000U·ml^(-1)).They were shown to inhibit LAK cell activity when used beyond the suitable dosage.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81460587)Zhuang Yao Medicine Collaborative InnovationC enter Project(GJKY[2013]20)+2 种基金Guangxi Key Laboratory of Zhuang Yao Medicine(GKJZ[2014]32)Guangxi Key Discipline:Zhuang Pharmacy(GJKY[2013]16)Chinese Traditional Medicine Innovation Theory and Drug EfficacyS tudy of Bagui Scholars
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the changes of polysaccharides content in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis and its pharmacological action. The results showed that different growth years, different periods, different habitats and different external factors had influences on the change of polysaccharide content in Den- drobii Officinalis Caulis. Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis has certain effects of enhancing immunity, resisting fatigue and oxidation, promoting digestion and salivation secretion, reducing blood sugar and blood pressure, resisting tumor and liver injury, and relaxing bowels. Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis polysaccharides are the main effective components in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis. The control of Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis polysaccharide content is of great significance to the assurance of the yield and quality of Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis material.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No40506027 and No30771646)the Doctoral Foundation of Shandong Province(No2005BS02015)
文摘Bacteriophages infected different serotypes of Klebsiella were isolated from sewage. Among them, a heatstable polysaccharide depolymerase enzyme which could degrade bacterial exopolysaccharide effectively was prepared from the phage infecting Klebsiella K13. Treatment at 60℃ for 30 min could inactivate most of the K13 phage, with the titration decreasing from 6.4×10^8 PFU/mL to 1.6×10^6 PFU/mL. However, no obvious loss of phage enzyme activity was found after this treatment. The optimum hydrolytic temperature of phage enzyme was 60℃, with an activity 57 % higher than that at 30℃. The addition of phage enzyme could result in a rapid decrease of viscosity of exopolysaccharide （EPS） solution within minutes, indicating that K13 phage polysaccharide depolymerase acts as a kind of endo-glycanohydrolase. HPLC and reducing sugar analysis showed that the hydrolysis of EPS approached approximately the maxi-mum at 4h when the final concentration of phage was 6.0 x los PFU/mL. The results showed that K/eb-siella K13 phage depolymerase enzyme could be used as a good tool for the preparation of EPS oligosac- charide.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Plan Program of Shandong Province(2017YYSP027).
文摘Cordyceps militaris is a famous medicinal and edible fungus,whose polysaccharides are important biologically active substances.In recent years,the molecular structure and pharmacological functions of C.militaris polysaccharides were fully studied.However,the potential mechanism of their pharmacological functions and their chemical modification have not been systematically elucidated.Moreover,the obtention and usage of C.militaris polysaccharides present several issues,including low polysaccharide yields and poor pharmacological functions in industrial production.This review presents the latest results on the pharmacological mechanism of C.militaris,including information on how to improve C.militaris industrial production through stabilization of the strain to prevent degeneration and chemical modifications of its polysaccharides.In addition,this article examines C.militaris fermentation conditions,the polysaccharides extraction methods developed for industrial production,and the strategies to increase the yield of polysaccharides and improve their pharmacological functions.This review could provide a theoretical basis for future research on C.militaris polysaccharides,and also serve as an important reference value in the field of functional foods and medicine.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Research program of Jilin Province,Education Department in the 12th Five Year Plan(China)(Research on Prevention of Inonotus Obliquus Polysaccharides for High Power Microwave Radiation Induced Injury in Rats,No.2012495)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential beneficial effects of Inonotus obliquuspolysaccharides(IOP) on the alleviation of physical fatigue in mice.METHODS: Sixty-four male mice were randomly divided into four groups(n = 16 per group). Mice were orally administered IOP for a period of 14 days at 0,100,200 and 300 mg/kg/d,and were assigned to the control,IOP-100,IOP-200,and IOP-300 groups,respectively by the random number table method. Mice in the control group received an oral administration of sterile distilled water. A forced swimming test was performed for 8 mice per group at one hour after the last treatment. The other 8mice in each group swam for 30 min. Blood,liver and muscle samples were taken after resting for30 min. Levels of blood urea nitrogen and lactate,as well as glycogen contents of the liver and muscle were measured. Morphology of liver was observed by light microscopy.RESULTS: IOP extended the swimming time of mice,and increased the glycogen content of liver and muscle,but decreased blood lactic acid and serum urea nitrogen levels. IOP had no toxic effects on major organs such as the liver as assessed by histopathological examinations.CONCLUSION: IOP might be a potential anti-fatigue pharmacological agent.
基金This work was supported by the University Grants Committee,Hong Kong SAR Government(No.14112921,China).The support of HKPFS from the University Grants Committee to HonglanWang was greatly acknowledged.
文摘Predatory bacteriophages have evolved a vast array of depolymerases for bacteria capture and deprotection.These depolymerases are enzymes responsible for degrading diverse bacterial surface carbohydrates.They are exploited as antibiofilm agents and antimicrobial adjuvants while rarely inducing bacterial resistance,making them an invaluable asset in the era of antibiotic resistance.Numerous depolymerases have been investigated preclinically,with evidence indicating that depolymerases with appropriate dose regimens can safely and effectively combat different multidrug-resistant pathogens in animal infection models.Additionally,some formulation approaches have been developed for improved stability and activity of depolymerases.However,depolymerase formulation is limited to liquid dosage form and remains in its infancy,posing a significant hurdle to their clinical translation,compounded by challenges in their applicability and manufacturing.Future development must address these obstacles for clinical utility.Here,after unravelling the history,diversity,and therapeutic use of depolymerases,we summarized the preclinical efficacy and existing formulation findings of recombinant depolymerases.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of depolymerases as therapeutics for humans were assessed to provide insights for their further development.
文摘目的:运用网络药理学方法研究灵芝多糖(ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide,GLP)治疗糖尿病足(diabetic foot,DF)的作用机制。方法:通过查阅文献、TCMSP、PharmMapper数据库获得GLP化学成分信息及其作用靶点。通过GeneCards和OMIM数据库检索DF相关靶点。基于在线软件Venny 2.1获得二者交集靶点。运用Cytoscape软件构建“成分-靶点-疾病”网络图。使用STRING数据库和Cytoscape软件进行蛋白互作(PPI)网络分析,根据度值筛选出核心靶点。结合DAVID数据库对核心靶点进行基因本体(GO)功能和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)分析。结果:GLP与DF的交集靶点有98个,其中非受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶(SRC)、热休克蛋白90α编码基因(HSP90AA1)、HRas原癌基因(HRAS)、Ras同源基因家族成员A(RHOA)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(AKT1)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)等20个靶点可能是GLP治疗DF的关键靶点,参与癌症通路(pathways in cancer)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)、脂质和动脉粥样硬化(lipid and atherosclerosis)、糖尿病并发症中的晚期糖基化终末产物及其受体(AGE-RAGE)等关键通路。结论:GLP在治疗DF方面显示出多靶点、多通路协同作用的特点,这将为中药多糖治疗糖尿病足研究提供有益的参考。
