Physicochemical properties and biological activities of polysaccharides from the peel of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.extracted by four different methods

Polysaccharides are the important biologically active components found in the peel of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.(DTTP).The influences of 4 extraction methods,namely hot water extraction(W),acidic extraction(HA),hot-compressed water extraction(HCW)and enzyme-assisted extraction(EAE),on the yields,physicochemical properties,hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from DTTP were studied and compared.Among these DTTP polysaccharides,DTTP-HA was outstanding in several respects.DTTP-HA was the most water soluble;it had the highest total carbohydrate content(85.08%),the highest uronic acid(13.20%)and the highest thermal stability.DTTP-HA and DTTP-W possessed a triple-helix structure.These 4 kinds of polysaccharides have the same types of monosaccharides,but in different molar percentages.Extraction method had a significant impact on the microstructures of the extracted polysaccharides.DTT-HA exhibited irregular structure with many holes.Among the 4 extracted methods,the DTTP-HA and DTTP-W initially exhibited higher hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities.The better bioactivities of DTTP-HA may be related to the above factors.The findings indicated that acid extraction is an effective method to extract polysaccharides with high biological activities from DTTP.

Extraction of Pumpkin Polysaccharide by Complex Enzyme Method and Its Antioxidant Research

[Objective] This paper aims to study a new method of extracting pumpkin polysaccharide from pumpkin. Single factor experiments were conducted to examine the effects of extracting time,temperature,the solid-liquid ratio and pH value on the extraction yield of polysaccharide from pumpkin. [Method] The best enzyme ratio and extraction conditions for complex enzymes extraction were determined through orthogonal tests. Scavenging ·OH and O-2 activities of pumpkin polysaccharides were also investigated by salicylic acid and improved self-oxidation of o-pheno methods respectively. [Results] The results showed that the biggest extraction yield of polysaccharide from pumpkin can be got when adding 1% cellulose enzyme,1.5% pectinase,1.0% papain and Na2HPO4-citric acid buffer solution (pH was 4.6),and oscillating for 30 min under water at 40 ℃ with the solid-liquid ratio of 1:30. In addition,pumpkin polysaccharides had a strong activity of eliminating ·OH,but very weak activity to scavenge O-2. [Conclusion] This study provided basic data for research and application of Pumpkin polysaccharide.

Extraction and Antioxidant Activity Analysis of Crude Polysaccharides from Wild Lactarius volemus Fr. in Yunnan Province

[ Objective ] This study aimed to investigate the optimal extraction process of crude polysaccharides from wild Lactarius volemus Fr. in Yunnan Province and preliminarily analyzed its antioxidant activity in vitro. [ Method ] With water extraction and alcohol precipitation method, the optimal conditions for extracting crude polysaccharides from wild L. volemus Ft. were screened by single-factor and orthogonal experiments. The antioxidant activity of the extracted crude polysac- charides was determined with DPPH assay. [ Result ] The optimal conditions for pigment removal with activated carbon were： activated carbon amount of 20 g/L, water bath time of 40 min, water bath temperature of40 ℃ ; the optimal conditions for extracting crude polysaccharides from wild L. vo/emus Fr. with hot water ex- traction method were： hot water extraction time of 3 h, solid-liquid ratio of 1： 45, extraction frequency of twice. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the yield of crude polysaccharides was 21.33 mg/g. In addition, the antioxidant activity of 0. 665 mg/ml crude polysaccharides was 52.46% ; the amount of crude polysac- eharides was proportional to the antioxidant activity. [ Conclusion] Hot water extraction method can be used as a high-efficiency extraction technology of crude pol- ysaecharides from wild L. volemus Fr. with simple operation and low costs. Crude polysaccharides extracted from L. volemus Ft. exhibited certain antioxidant activi- ty in vitro.

Advances in Studies on Extraction Methods and Physiological Activities of Jujube Flavonoids

Jujube is rich in nutrients and functional active ingredients. For example,jujube flavonoids have significant anti-oxidation,anticancer,antibacterial and anti-inflammatory functions. This paper elaborated the advances in the studies about the extraction methods,purification methods,antioxidant properties,stability and antibacterial effects of jujube flavonoids,in order to provide a certain reference for the study of jujube flavonoids.

Process Optimization of Extraction Technique of Polysaccharide from Leaves of Dendrobium officinale

[Objectives] To optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from leaves of Dendrobium officinale. [Methods]The polysaccharides from D. officinale were extracted by internal boiling method. The extraction rate of polysaccharides from D. officinale was studied.Based on the single factor experiment,the L_9( 3~3) orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from D. officinale. [Results]The optimum process for extracting polysaccharides from D. officinale by internal boiling method was as follows:1. 00 g of D. officinale powder was desorbed with 6. 0 mL of 20% ethanol for 20 min,35. 0 mL of 90℃ water was rapidly added,and the extraction time was 5 min. [Conclusions] Under this condition,the extraction rate of polysaccharides from D. officinale was 12. 31%,which was 3. 75 percentage points higher than that of traditional reflux extraction.

Optimization of enzyme assisted extraction of polysaccharides from pomegranate peel by response surface methodology and their anti-oxidant potential

Objective： To optimize the enzymatic extraction conditions of polysaccharides from pomegranate peel using response surface methodology（RSM）, and invest the anti-oxidant activity of pomegranate peel polysaccharide in vitro for seeking novel biological components used as pharmaceutical products and functional foods.Methods： Effects of enzymolysis time, ratio of water to raw material, and the dosage of cellulase on the extraction yield of pomegranate peel polysaccharide were fully examined by Box-Behnken design of RSM. DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radicals scavenging activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, and reducing power assay were measured by microplate reader.Results： The optimal extraction conditions were as follows： enzymolysis temperature 55 °C, pH 5.0,enzymolysis time 88 min, ratio of water to raw material 22：1 mL/g, and dosage of cellulose 0.93%. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the yield of pomegranate peel polysaccharide was（22.31 ± 0.07）%,which was well matched with the predicted value 22.35% of the Box-Behnken design model. Also,pomegranate peel polysaccharide demonstrated appreciable anti-oxidant potential on DPPH（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl） radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging and reducing power in vitro.Conclusions： An optimized enzymolysis assisted method was proposed for the extraction of pomegranate peel polysaccharide, which can be used as a good anti-oxidant.

食用菌多糖功能活性的研究进展

食用菌多糖是一种大分子碳水化合物。几十年来,研究人员对食用菌多糖的提取、分离纯化、功能性作用等进行了相关研究。文章综述了热水浸提法、酸碱提取法、酶提取法、超声波提取法、闪式提取法、亚临界水提取法、超临界流体萃取法等不同食用菌多糖的提取方法,并简述了其优缺点;阐述了食用菌多糖的组成结构和食用菌多糖在抗氧化、抗肿瘤、免疫调节、降血糖、降血脂、调节肠道菌群等方面的功能,并展望了其未来的研究方向。

Influence of Different Extraction and Purification Methods on Astragalus Polysaccharides and Pharmacological Evaluation

Objective To clarify the influence on component and pharmacological action of Astragalus polysaccharides(APS) as complementary therapeutic agents prepared by different extraction and purification techniques.Methods Components of APS prepared by different extraction and purification techniques were analyzed,and these APS were used for synergy and attenuation of chemotherapy,radiotherapy treatment with H22 liver cancer and Lewis lung cancer of tumor-bearing mice,and also used for the regulation of immune function to immunosuppression mice.Results Experimental data were analyzed by means of statistical method to get pharmaco-result:A3(extracted by microwave assistance and purified by membrane separation)>A4(extracted by refluxing and purified by membrane separation)>A1(extracted by refluxing and no purification)≈A2(extracted by microwave assistance and no purification).There were no significant differences on pharmacodynamic action between A1 and A2.However,compared with A1 and A2,it was worth noting that A3 and A4 exhibited good pharmacodynamic action.Then A3-in and A4-in,the samples in dialyzer after dialysis,were separated and purified to get homogeneous APS,which were the principal constituents of APS in dialyzer,with the molecular weight(Mw) of 7669 and 14142 determined by HPGPC,respectively.The average Mw of APS outside of the dialyzer,A3-out was 3102 and A4-out 3256,which were the main compositions of A3 and A4,accounted for 79.63% and 53.92%,respectively.Conclusion APS with Mw about 5000 Da exhibit better antitumor effect and immunological activity.Refluxing,microwave assistance extractions,and membrane enrichment techniques bring different cases on Mw distribution,components and pharmacodynamic action,and obviously exhibit relationship among component,Mw distribution,and pharmacological action.

牛马藤多糖的提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

为明确牛马藤多糖的提取工艺条件及其抗氧化活性,为牛马藤多糖的开发利用提供参考。采用了苯酚-硫酸法测定牛马藤多糖的含量,通过单因素试验(以提取温度、液固比、提取时间、提取次数为参考因素),正交试验对牛马藤多糖的提取工艺进行优化,DPPH法和ABTS法测定牛马藤多糖的抗氧化活性。所优化的牛马藤多糖提取工艺稳定可行,提取率高,牛马藤多糖具有一定的抗氧化活性。

三七药渣中多糖提取工艺优化及其动力学分析

以三七药渣为原料,探讨了超声辅助提取三七药渣中三七多糖的优化工艺,并对提取过程进行动力学分析。在单因素实验的基础上,利用BBD(Box-Behnken Design)响应面法优化工艺条件,得到最优提取条件为:超声温度60℃、超声功率136.8 W、超声时间53 min、液固比43 mL/g,此时多糖得率为6.79%。通过测定不同超声功率、不同超声时间下提取液中的多糖浓度,得到超声辅助提取三七药渣中三七多糖的提取速率常数、相对萃余率,验证了所推导的动力学模型,拟合得到了半衰期以及有效扩散系数回归方程。

块菌多糖的提取、结构、功能及应用研究进展

多糖是食用菌的主要活性成分之一,被广泛应用于食品工业中。目前对块菌多糖提取的研究主要围绕溶剂提取法、超声波辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法、酶辅助提取法和加压液相萃取法等工艺。在化学结构的解析方面,主要针对其分子质量、单糖组成及比例、糖残基的构型及连接方式、多糖类型。而关于块菌多糖的生物功能,重点是评价其抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降血糖、抗疲劳、免疫调节等活性。此外,块菌多糖现阶段已成功被开发为糕点和含片类产品。文章对块菌多糖的提取、结构、功能及在食品加工中的应用研究进展进行了综述。

黑牛肝菌多糖提取工艺比较及其体外抗氧化活性研究

以得率为标准,从3种多糖提取方法(热水提取法、超声提取法、超声辅助复合酶法)中筛选并优化出黑牛肝菌多糖的最佳提取流程,进而获取黑牛肝功多糖体外抗氧化活性信息。利用单因素实验选出多糖得率最高提取法,利用响应面法进一步优化提取方法,采用分级醇沉法对多糖进行分级,采用DPPH自由基清除法、ABTS自由基清除法、羟自由基清除法以及还原力测定法了解黑牛肝菌多糖的体外抗氧化活性。结果发现:热水提取法、超声提取法、超声辅助复合酶提取法的多糖得率分别为5.64%、6.74%、18.47%。优化后的超声辅助复合酶提取法最佳工艺方案为:复合酶比例(m纤维素酶:m蛋白酶)2:1,酶解温度42.7℃,酶解时间67 min,酶添加量为1.92%,超声时间为20 min,预期得率18.867%;各级醇沉黑牛肝菌多糖均具有良好的抗氧化活性,抗氧化能力与多糖浓度和醇沉浓度呈正比,80%乙醇沉淀获得的多糖综合体外抗氧化活性最佳。超声辅助复合酶提取法可显著提高黑牛肝菌多糖得率,获得的黑牛肝菌多糖具有良好的体外抗氧化活性。

超声辅助法提取新疆葡萄干多糖及其体外抗氧化活性研究

采用单因素实验和响应面法结合对超声辅助法提取新疆葡萄干多糖的提取条件进行优化,利用红外光谱对葡萄干多糖的结构进行分析,通过测定葡萄干多糖对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)和羟基自由基(·OH)的清除能力对其抗氧化活性进行评价。结果表明:新疆葡萄干多糖的最佳提取条件为液料比m L·g^(-1),提取时间30min、提取温度61℃,超声功率160W,此条件下多糖的得率为3.48±0.06%。红外光7谱分析表明提取的葡萄干多糖含有多糖的特征官能团。当新疆葡萄干多糖质量浓度为2.50mg·mL^(-1)时,DPPH·清除率为76.90%;新疆葡萄干多糖质量浓度为3.00mg·mL^(-1)时,·OH的清除率为87.10%。葡萄干多糖对DPPH·和·OH的半抑制浓度(IC_(50))分别为0.912、0.874mg·mL^(-1),说明该方法提取的新疆葡萄干多糖具有较好的抗氧化能力,这为新疆葡萄干的推广及健康产品研发提供了理论依据。

天麻多糖提取纯化及表征方法研究进展

通过对天麻多糖的提取、分离纯化及表征方法做总结,为进一步研究和工业化生产提供参考。以“天麻多糖”“提取纯化”“表征方法”等为关键词在国内外数据库中查阅文献,并对其相关内容作综述。天麻多糖常用水提取、层析法纯化、波谱法表征,可以应用新型提取分离技术。目前的提取方法较为传统,分离纯度较低,虽已大多采用新技术进行结构表征,但未有统一指标,其在工业化中的应用有待进一步研究。

枳椇子多糖的酸提取工艺优化及其理化性质与抗氧化活性研究

为优化枳椇子多糖的提取工艺,并对其理化性质和抗氧化活性进行研究。该研究采用酸溶剂提取枳椇子粗多糖,经单因素考察和正交试验优化提取工艺参数,通过Sevag法除蛋白、DEAE-52阴离子交换柱对多糖进行分离纯化,得到枳椇子精制多糖。采用高效液相色谱、紫外光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、刚果红实验、碘-碘化钾和扫描电镜等方法对枳椇子多糖进行理化性质分析;对枳椇子多糖的体外抗氧化活性进行评价。结果表明,枳椇子多糖的最佳提取工艺为温度90℃,料液比为1∶100(g∶mL),时间2.5 h,盐酸浓度0.2 mol/L,在此条件下多糖得率为(4.07±0.07)%。经分离纯化后获得分子质量为3.03×10^(5)Da的均一性枳椇子精制多糖(Hovenia dulcis polysaccharide,HDP),HDP由甘露糖、氨基葡萄糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖组成,摩尔百分比为10.46%、1.44%、8.19%、9.79%、4.54%、4.61%,、38.02%、9.95%、13.01%。结构鉴定HDP为吡喃环型酸性多糖,具有无规则螺旋的空间构象且含有较多分支,并表现出片层状的微观形态。HDP清除ABTS阳离子自由基、DPPH自由基和羟自由基的IC_(50)值分别是0.867、1.178、2.112 mg/mL。该研究通过优化酸提枳椇子多糖工艺,获得一种精制的酸性多糖HDP,并揭示HDP具有潜在的抗氧化活性,该研究结果将为枳椇子多糖的功能食品开发提供理论依据。

黄芪多糖提取方法、生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用

黄芪属于豆科黄芪属植物,富含多糖、皂甙、黄酮、氨基酸等活性成分。其中,黄芪多糖作为黄芪主要生物活性成分之一,可通过调节动物机体核因子E2相关因子2、核因子-κB等信号通路发挥免疫调节、抗炎、抗氧化等作用,已在家禽、猪、反刍动物和水生动物等养殖生产中广泛应用。本文从黄芪多糖的提取方法、生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用等方面进行综述,以期为黄芪多糖的进一步研究和开发利用提供参考。

不同方法提取的山茱萸多糖品质特征

【目的】研究不同提取方法对山茱萸多糖品质特征的影响,为山茱萸多糖的深加工及其开发利用提供参考依据。【方法】分别以热水提取法、微波辅助提取法、超声波辅助提取法、酸提取法、碱提取法和复合酶提取法等6种方法提取山茱萸多糖,比较不同提取方法对山茱萸多糖的提取率、总糖含量、抗氧化能力、理化性质和结构表征的影响。【结果】不同提取方法所得的山茱萸多糖品质特征具有差异性。其中,碱提取法提取的山茱萸多糖提取率(15.13%)、总糖含量(93.43%)、铁离子还原能力(1.31 mmol/g),以及多糖中的C=O和C-H含量均高于其他方法;微波辅助提取法提取的山茱萸多糖吸油性(19.00 mL/g)和泡沫稳定性(41.67%)均高于其他方法;复合酶提取法提取的山茱萸多糖体外胆固醇吸附能力(621.80 mg/g)最强,且对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的平均清除率(60.06%)明显高于其他方法;而热水提取法提取的山茱萸多糖质量浓度为0.2 mg/mL时,其对2,2-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基清除率(61.20%)明显高于其他方法;超声辅助提取法提取的山茱萸多糖起泡性(17.00%)显著高于其他方法(P<0.05)。傅里叶变换红外光谱显示,不同方法提取的山茱萸多糖中官能团含量不同;扫描电镜分析结果显示,热水提取法和微波辅助提取法提取的山茱萸多糖表面光滑平整,结构排列紧密,超声波辅助提取法和复合酶提取法提取的山茱萸多糖分子间排斥力强;X射线衍射分析结果显示,碱提取法提取的山茱萸多糖在32°和45°时有明显且强烈的吸收峰,而热水提取法、微波辅助提取法、超声波辅助提取法、酸提取法和复合酶提取法提取到的山茱萸多糖有相似结构;热稳定分析中,碱提取法提取的山茱萸多糖热稳定性高于其他方法,在800℃时质量损失率为50.92%。【结论】不同方法提取的山茱萸多糖结构、抗氧化活性和理化性质各不相同,但不同方法对其热力学特征影响较小,呈相似的变化趋势。可根据不同方法提取的山茱萸多糖特点进行开发利用。

空心莲子草多糖的提取研究

以干燥的空心莲子草粉末为原料,采用水提醇沉法提取空心莲子草水溶性多糖并进行纯化.研究了料水比、浸提温度、滤液浓缩比、醇沉乙醇用量和浸提的时间对多糖收率的影响.最佳条件为:料水比1∶20 g/mL,浸提温度60℃,滤液浓缩比1/5,醇沉乙醇用量2.5倍体积乙醇,浸提时间0.5 h,此条件下粗糖的收率为11.6%,粗糖的纯度为34.2%,多糖的收率为4.0%.对比了活性炭和AB-8大孔树脂吸附法纯化空心莲子草粗糖的效果,AB-8大孔树脂效果最佳.用红外光谱、核磁共振谱和凝胶色谱等对多糖进行了结构表征.

不同提取方法对黄精多糖理化特性和生物活性的影响

为比较不同提取方法对黄精多糖理化特性和生物活性的影响,该文以黄精根茎为原料,分别用水提法(Water Extraction,WE)、酶解法(Enzyme Extraction,EE)、超声辅助法(Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction,UE)提取黄精多糖(Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharides,PP),比较了不同提取方法对黄精多糖得率、化学组成、理化特性(持油力、醇溶性、吸湿性)、生物活性(抗氧化活性、α-葡萄糖甘酶抑制活性、α-淀粉酶抑制活性)、单糖组成及分子量大小的影响。结果表明:酶解法较其他两种提取方法相比,具有较高的得率(8.11%)、总糖含量(52.79%)、持油力(5.67 g/g)、吸湿率(25.28%)和重均分子量(5.343×10^(5) g/mol)。三种提取方法得到的多糖对2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS^(+))的半数抑制质量浓度IC_(50)(mg/mL)分别为0.41、0.23、0.25;对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)的半数抑制质量浓度IC50(mg/mL)分别为0.19、0.16、0.18;对α-葡萄糖甘酶的半数抑制质量浓度IC50(mg/mL)分别为2.14、1.98、2.06;对α-淀粉酶的半数抑制质量浓度IC50(mg/mL)分别为0.62、0.41、0.58。三种多糖均为酸性多糖,单糖组成以葡萄糖为主。通过红外光谱检测到3种多糖均具有多糖特征官能团,电镜扫描结果呈现不同的结构特征。综上,不同提取方法对黄精多糖的理化特性、生物活性、单糖组成和微观结构的影响有差异,酶解法是一种可以提高多糖理化性质和生物活性的有效方法,黄精多糖具有一定生物活性和可开发利用价值。

纤维素酶辅助提取石榴籽饼粕多糖工艺优化及其动力学、热力学研究

目的优化纤维素酶辅助提取石榴籽饼粕多糖工艺,并考察其动力学、热力学。方法在单因素试验基础上,以加酶量、介质pH、提取温度、提取时间为影响因素,多糖得率为评价指标,Box-Behnken响应面法优化提取工艺,计算动力学、热力学参数。结果最佳条件为加酶量0.9%,介质pH 4,提取温度49℃(322 K),提取时间2.6 h,多糖得率为5.89%。温度为322 K时,实验组k为0.0191 min^(-1),D s为4.843×10^(-6)cm^(2)/min,高于对照组。在307~317 K的提取过程中,焓ΔH为156.378 kJ/mol,熵ΔS为520.1904 J/(mol·K),为吸热熵增加;在327~337 K的提取过程中,焓ΔH为-147.931 kJ/mol,熵ΔS为-428.5784 J/(mol·K),为放热熵减小;自由能ΔG值均小于0,为自发过程。结论该方法稳定可靠,可用于纤维素酶辅助提取石榴籽饼粕多糖的工程放大和优化控制。