Objectives: Understanding the role of Self-Help Group (SHG) in light of the evolving dynamics of sex work needs to be delved into to strategize HIV interventions among FSWs in India. This paper aims to study the HIV p...Objectives: Understanding the role of Self-Help Group (SHG) in light of the evolving dynamics of sex work needs to be delved into to strategize HIV interventions among FSWs in India. This paper aims to study the HIV program outcome among the FSWs associated with SHGs and FSWs not associated with SHGs in Thane, Maharashtra. Study Design: This cross-sectional study was undertaken from the Behavioral Tracking Survey (BTS) conducted among 503 FSWs in Thane in 2015. Two-stage probability based conventional sampling was done for selection of brothel and bar based FSWs, while Time Location Cluster (TLC) sampling was done for home, lodge and street based sex workers. Methods: Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to compare and contrast between FSWs associated with SHG and those not associated with SHG with respect to the utilization of HIV related services by them. “Condom use”, “consistent condom use”, “contact with peer-educators”, “counseling sessions” and “HIV testing” were chosen as indicators on HIV service utilization. Results: 8% (38) of FSWs are registered with SHG;92% aged ≥25 years, 47% illiterate, and 71% are currently married. The likelihood of utilizing HIV services including, knowledge on HIV/AIDS and its mode of transmission (OR: 5.54;CI: 1.87 - 16.60;p Conclusions: Considering the improved HIV program outcomes among FSWs associated with SHG, HIV interventions among FSWs could consider facilitating the formation of SHGs with FSWs as one of the key strategies to empower the community for ensuring better program outcomes.展开更多
Climate change is the most important factor to increase in short-duration high-intensity rainfall and consequent flooding.Intensity-Duration-Frequency(IDF)curves are commonly used tools in Stormwater design,so a metho...Climate change is the most important factor to increase in short-duration high-intensity rainfall and consequent flooding.Intensity-Duration-Frequency(IDF)curves are commonly used tools in Stormwater design,so a method to derive future IDF curves including climate change effect could be necessary for the mainstreaming climate change information into storm water planning.The objective of the present study is to define a mechanism to reflect the effect of climate change into the projected rainfall IDF relationships.For this,the continuously observed hourly rainfall data from 1969 to 2018 were divided into five subgroups.Then the IDF curve of each subgroup is defined.The rainfall intensity for the next 30 years was then estimated using a linear regression model.The obtained result indicates that for the same duration and for the same return period,the rainfall intensity is likely to increase over time:17%(2019-2028),25%(2029-2038)and 32%(2039-2048).However,the findings presented in this paper will be useful for local authorities and decision makers in terms of improving stormwater design and future flood damage will be avoided.展开更多
文摘Objectives: Understanding the role of Self-Help Group (SHG) in light of the evolving dynamics of sex work needs to be delved into to strategize HIV interventions among FSWs in India. This paper aims to study the HIV program outcome among the FSWs associated with SHGs and FSWs not associated with SHGs in Thane, Maharashtra. Study Design: This cross-sectional study was undertaken from the Behavioral Tracking Survey (BTS) conducted among 503 FSWs in Thane in 2015. Two-stage probability based conventional sampling was done for selection of brothel and bar based FSWs, while Time Location Cluster (TLC) sampling was done for home, lodge and street based sex workers. Methods: Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to compare and contrast between FSWs associated with SHG and those not associated with SHG with respect to the utilization of HIV related services by them. “Condom use”, “consistent condom use”, “contact with peer-educators”, “counseling sessions” and “HIV testing” were chosen as indicators on HIV service utilization. Results: 8% (38) of FSWs are registered with SHG;92% aged ≥25 years, 47% illiterate, and 71% are currently married. The likelihood of utilizing HIV services including, knowledge on HIV/AIDS and its mode of transmission (OR: 5.54;CI: 1.87 - 16.60;p Conclusions: Considering the improved HIV program outcomes among FSWs associated with SHG, HIV interventions among FSWs could consider facilitating the formation of SHGs with FSWs as one of the key strategies to empower the community for ensuring better program outcomes.
文摘Climate change is the most important factor to increase in short-duration high-intensity rainfall and consequent flooding.Intensity-Duration-Frequency(IDF)curves are commonly used tools in Stormwater design,so a method to derive future IDF curves including climate change effect could be necessary for the mainstreaming climate change information into storm water planning.The objective of the present study is to define a mechanism to reflect the effect of climate change into the projected rainfall IDF relationships.For this,the continuously observed hourly rainfall data from 1969 to 2018 were divided into five subgroups.Then the IDF curve of each subgroup is defined.The rainfall intensity for the next 30 years was then estimated using a linear regression model.The obtained result indicates that for the same duration and for the same return period,the rainfall intensity is likely to increase over time:17%(2019-2028),25%(2029-2038)and 32%(2039-2048).However,the findings presented in this paper will be useful for local authorities and decision makers in terms of improving stormwater design and future flood damage will be avoided.
