Relationship between environmental factors and plankton in the Bayuquan Port, Liaodong Bay,China：a five-year study

To understand the relationship between the plankton community and environmental factor and water quality in the Bayuquan Port of Liaodong Bay, China, and investigations were carried ou during six dif ferent periods(April 2009, April 2010, October 2011, April 2012, October 2012, and Apri 2013). This area was characterized by high levels of nutrient and suspended solids(SPS) during surve periods, and eutrophication led to the occurrence of red tides in April and October 2012 and April 2013 Our analyses revealed that the plankton communities of Bayuquan Port lacked stability and were af fecte seriously by external disturbance(e.g., oceanographic engineering and river runof f). Our data indicate tha oil, dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN), SPS, and chlorophyll a(Chl- a) were key factors that regulated th phytoplankton and zooplankton communities. The partial redundancy analysis(partial RDA) suggested tha oil and SPS were the most important environmental variables af fecting the phytoplankton community i April 2010 and 2012, whereas DIN concentration played a governing role in zooplankton dynamics. Oi and Chl-a concentrations af fected signifi cantly the zooplankton community in October 2012. Therefore, th plankton communities could refl ect both dynamic changes in coastal environmental factors and the ongoin eutrophication process caused by anthropogenic activities in this area.

Monitoring and Environmental Assessment of Seawater in West Central Africa: Case of the Kribi Industrial and Urban Port Complex in Cameroon, Guinea Gulf

This study is the first of a series of a project on the development and implementation of environmental protection policies, before, during and after the construction of the Kribi Industrial and Urban Port Complex (KIPC). The results will equip the State and scientific structures concerned with the protection of people, water resources and the environment as a whole. This includes reference data on the state of marine pollution in the region dating from the end of realization of the first phase of KIPC known as Kribi Deep-Water Harbor (KDWH). Accordingly, the aim of this work is to assess the current state of KIPC and its surrounding by quantifying the preliminary parameters of suspended matter (SM);to analyze the physical and chemical parameters, chemical pollution indicators for anions and major cations and organic pollution indicators of four water samples taken from four different sites in the project area by filtration and weighing, pH meter, turbid meter, titration, colorimetry and titrimetric methods. The analysis of these samples and these parameters provides results which are slightly similar to international standards. This suggests that the environment remains relatively healthy. Hence, continuous management and monitoring of the parameters and pollution factors is strongly recommended.

Environmental stress model for evaluation of vessel traffic in ports and waterways

Environmental stress model is proposed as an effective tool to the analysis and evaluation of navigational safety in ports and waterways. Marine traffic simulations are carried out in a virtual port area with various arrangements and conditions. Calculations of stress values and traffic volume criteria are illustrated. The simulation results provide a valuable hint for safety management of vessel traffic. The model provides quantitative information and helps administrators in decision making to achieve desired safety level and improve the efficiency of vessel traffic in ports and waterways.

煤炭码头粉尘无组织排放防治措施对比研究

露天堆场的粉尘无组织排放一直是干散货码头大气污染防治工作的重点和难点。苫盖和湿式除尘是我国专业化煤炭码头露天堆场粉尘无组织排放的两种主流防治措施。文章以北方某煤码头为例,基于露天堆场采用苫盖和湿式除尘措施下的粉尘无组织排放浓度监测数据,对两种主流粉尘防治措施的环保效益进行了对比分析。研究结果显示:采用湿式除尘措施比采用苫盖措施更适用于高周转率的专业化煤炭码头露天堆场的粉尘无组织排放的防治。

船舶港口污染物控制方法与技术

船舶港口污染物主要源自作业船舶排放的废气,港口生产和生活产生的固体废弃物、废水和污水。但目前对其管理与治理存在短板。本文介绍了港口船舶污染的主要原因和危害及防控措施,并根据我国港口发展与建设应遵循的生态发展与环境治理并行的经济路线方针,提出相关解决措施和建议:一方面需对每类污染物制定特定的处理工艺,确保其对环境的响应最小化;另一方面需构建科学的港口环境系统管理模式和应急事故处理机制,实现港口环境治理的科学化与系统化;而且需编制国家和地方船舶港口的排放清单,进一步强化水运港口污染治理控制力度。

港航环境管理机制与综合评价研究

为了促进港航行业可持续发展,加快向环境友好型港口转变,提出港航环境管理机制的框架,从管理能力、防污工作和现状反馈3个维度,构建港航环境管理综合评价指标体系。结合德尔菲法、层次分析法和模糊数学等理论方法,建立模糊层次综合评价模型,并对浙江沿海港航环境管理体系进行评价。结果表明,浙江沿海港航环境管理体系属于良好范畴,浙江沿海港航环境管理仍有提升空间。同时,根据各项指标的权重大小,提出相应改善措施和建议,对港航环境管理具有一定的借鉴作用。

港口工程混凝土材料与耐久性研究

探讨了自密实混凝土(SCC)在港口工程中的应用潜力,特别是其在不易人工振捣区域的材料和结构耐久性。研究采用了一系列实验测试,包括抗压强度、抗折强度、化学耐久性测试(如硫酸盐侵蚀和氯离子渗透测试),以及微观结构分析(扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射)。此外,通过环境模拟测试和时间序列分析进一步评估了SCC在不同环境条件下的性能变化。结果表明,相比传统混凝土C20和C30,SCC化学耐久性测试显示了更低的侵蚀率,证明了其在抵抗化学侵蚀方面的优势。微观结构分析揭示了SCC的紧密和均匀的微观结构,有利于提高其抗裂性和耐久性。在环境模拟测试中,SCC在不同温度条件下表现出较高的性能稳定性,特别是在长期性能保持方面的表现显著优于C20和C30,SCC的优越性能使其成为提高港口工程结构可靠性和减少维护成本的理想材料选择。

海南新村港海草床区春、秋季浮游动物粒径结构特征

为探究海草床区不同粒径浮游动物的群落结构特征及其对环境因子的响应机制,本研究分别于2022年4月和11月对海南省陵水县新村港海草床区不同性质水域的浮游动物粒径结构和重要功能类群展开调查研究,并探讨其季节性差异的影响因素。结果表明:春季共鉴定出浮游动物37科40属65种,浮游幼体20类,以小粒径的桡足类幼体/无节幼体占优势;秋季共鉴定出浮游动物23科25属37种,浮游幼体19类,以夜光虫(Noctiluca scientillans)占绝对优势。浮游动物物种数、丰度存在季节性差异,春季物种数高于秋季,湾口外海区和海草生长区最突出,以600-1250、355-600μm的种类居多。浮游动物丰度则反之,鱼排养殖区丰度最高,以160-355、355-600μm的丰度居多。此外,春季的主要限制因子为磷酸盐、硅酸盐及悬浮物,与2000-4000、1250-2000μm的浮游动物丰度呈显著正相关性(P<0.05);盐度与2000-4000μm的浮游动物丰度呈极显著负相关性(P<0.01);水深则为秋季主要影响因子,与600-1250、355-600、160-355μm偏小粒径浮游动物丰度存在显著正相关性(P<0.05)。新村港海草床区各粒径浮游动物丰度呈季节性变化,与环境因子间也存在不同程度相关性,亟需对该区域的浮游动物粒径结构进行长期监测研究。

“三线一单”在宜昌港总体规划环评中的运用

以宜昌港总体规划为例,在现场调研的基础上,采用叠图分析、环境数学模型等方法,阐述了港口规划修编过程中“三线一单”在规划环评中的实际应用,生态保护红线内,自然保护地核心保护区原则上禁止人为活动,并提出了优化调整建议,取消了17.11km涉及各类敏感区的规划岸线。本次规划修订相比上一轮规划,规划港口岸线长度减少41.759km,减少比例为34.71%。结果表明:以“三线一单”贯穿宜昌港规划的全过程,协调经济发展与环境保护的关系,推动了长江经济带高质量发展。

化工园区有毒有害气体预警体系扩散途径识别与监控

扩散途径的精准识别与监控是化工园区有毒有害气体预警体系发挥功能的重要先决条件,对于推动化工园区预警能力升级、减少突发环境风险事故的发生具有重要意义。研究建立了基于CALPUFF模型的化工园区有毒有害气体预警体系扩散途径识别与监控方法——“三定法”(气象定向—轨迹定区—模拟定点),并用于科学、准确识别气体扩散途径的监控站布设。以嘉兴港区有毒有害气体预警体系试点建设项目为例进行了案例研究,识别出园区有毒有害气体的5条主要扩散途径;进一步综合气象分析、周边敏感区的分布以及CALPUFF模型扩散模拟结果,最终将园区有毒有害气体预警体系扩散途径监控站布设在扩散占比最高的途径Ⅰ区内落地浓度最大的位置。

基于锂电池组的停泊兼应急电源系统设计

针对某长江散货船的营运特点和需求,提出一种基于锂电池组的停泊兼应急电源系统模式。通过对船用规范要求、锂电池性能优势和应用可行性的分析,结合该船型蓄电池组功能需求,基于实用性和经济性确定锂电池组容量,形成1套适用于长江散货船的停泊兼应急电源系统具体技术解决方案。结果表明,通过锂电池储能系统实现内河船舶主应急电源兼用的技术路线完全可行,既满足绿色环保要求,又提高了设备工作效率。

Promoting Sustainability at the Ports through Knowledge Sharing

Ports are a major source of economic activity and environmental pollution. They use a variety of equipment for loading/unloading and movement of cargo, such as marine vessels, cranes, trucks and railroads. These activities can cause large amounts of pollution to the air, water and soil media. Despite the pollution generated, it also serves as a medium for tourism with its cruise liners. This paper discusses port activities and how it effects the environment. The main focus of this paper is Knowledge Sharing for Sustainability of Ports. Sustainability indicators should help in evaluating port conditions and this knowledge sharing among the proposed 10 major world ports should accelerate economic growth and use of latest technologies for pollution reduction.

Environmental Lead and Nickel Contamination of Tank Rainwater in Esperance, Western Australia: An Evaluation of the Cleaning Program

A significant number of birds in the port town of Esperance, Western Australia died in the summer of 2006/2007 and elevated lead levels were found in the kidneys, livers and brains of autopsied birds. These elevated lead levels alerted Government authorities to investigate the public health impacts of potential lead contamination in the community resulting from transport of lead carbonate from the Esperance Port. Water samples from domestic rainwater collection systems were collected to determine the extent of heavy metal contamination;19% and 24% of tanks had lead and nickel levels above the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether cleaning of rainwater tanks had reduced exposure to lead and nickel contamination in the community. Follow-up sampling of 176 tanks across Esperance indi-cated that that there had been reductions in both lead and nickel concentrations, but that the reduction has been greater for nickel concentrations. The reduction in nickel concentration was significantly associated with cleaning status, whereas this was not the case for lead. Proximity to the Esperance Port was an impor-tant determinant of lead concentration. Tank and roof characteristics did not significantly influence the fol-low-up lead concentrations. The results suggested that there was ongoing contamination of rainwater tanks from the environment.

盐城市典型地块周边土壤重金属污染及环境质量风险评价

评估工业园区、交通要道、城镇郊区及港口区等典型地块周边土壤重(类)金属污染风险,可为其周边土壤农业利用提供依据。以盐城市域西部复垦地块、老204国道-城镇工业园典型区块以及沿海港口区周边农用地74个点位及所种植物(小麦、大麦与芦苇)为对象,进行锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)的检测及其环境质量风险评价。结果表明,所测点位土壤8种元素均超出江苏省土壤元素地球化学基准值,超出点位在30%以上的元素分别是Cd(100.00%)、Cu(75.68%)、Zn(60.81%)、As(51.39%)、Hg(36.00%);参照GB 15618—2018《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》中的筛选值,Cd、As超标,超标率分别为66.67%、4.00%;以管制值为参照,仅Cd超标,超标率为20.27%。单项污染指数与综合污染指数结果表明,老204国道-城镇工业园典型区块及以西土壤Cd中重度污染点位多,环境质量风险较高;以东点位为Cd轻度污染,风险较低。对8种重(类)金属有效态含量及植物中相应元素检测,结果显示,这8种元素含量均低于植物元素限量标准值,尚未对所测植物的生长发育产生明显影响,体现了重金属在土壤-植物系统间复杂的迁移转化特性。

“智能家居”之环境监控系统设计

随着国家科学技术的日益发展,智能家居监控系统也逐渐走入百姓的日常生活。而为了营造一个安全、健康、舒适的生活环境,需要智能家居系统来随时监控身边的居住环境,并且能够实现升级改进,系统是基于此而设计的。主要设计任务是利用STC89C52完成对监测范围内环境参数的信息采集,采集信息包括温度、有毒气体、湿度、风速和光照强度等环境参数,并对监控的信息通过LCD12864液晶进行显示。依据系统整体结构,基于单片机制作完成环境检测系统的硬件电路设计,编写完成系统软件设计,通过程序调试最终实现系统设计的要求。

考虑环境约束的多货种内陆港布局优化

内陆港作为综合运输一体化的枢纽,地位和作用愈加重要,而传统的内陆港选址却较少针对环境约束、多货种和多沿海港口来进行分析。将多货种和环境问题引入内陆港的布局优化中,首先建立以建设运营成本、运输成本、中转成本、时间成本(即系统总成本)最小和环境排放量最小的双目标内陆港布局优化模型,然后采用传统遗传算法、加入模拟退火算法的改进遗传算法和基于非支配排序的遗传算法进行求解,最后以东三省及内蒙古东部城市为例进行了实证分析。计算结果表明,在考虑环境因素的情况下,当货种的时间敏感因子较低时,通过内陆港中转到达海港的货源点更多;当货种的时间敏感因子较高时,通过公路直达海港的货源点更多。

政府环境规制下港航系统减排演化博弈研究

针对碳达峰目标下我国港航系统的减排问题,通过构建地方政府、港口和航运公司三方主体参与的港航系统环境规制演化博弈模型,系统分析三方主体的策略选择过程与整体演化稳定性,阐明港航系统内各主体演化趋势的驱动机理。并通过数值仿真分析,讨论三方主体初始策略和地方政府不同奖惩监管机制下港航系统的策略选择。研究结果表明,地方政府主动监管策略的选择与港口和航运公司的低积极减排意愿有关;港口和航运公司积极减排策略的演化速率与彼此的意愿成正比;地方政府在静态奖惩监管机制下,对惩罚强度的调整不影响港口和航运公司的积极减排策略,但低补贴强度会导致两者的消极减排;静态监管机制下,地方政府仅有(高补贴,无惩罚)的单一策略可以使港口和航运公司达成(积极减排、积极减排)的演化均衡;动态监管机制下,地方政府采取(低动态补贴,高静态惩罚)的混合监管策略能够以低成本实现港航系统积极减排策略的演化均衡。

船舶污染的防治与港口环境污染有效治理分析

船舶污染和港口环境污染是不容忽视的问题,关系到我国多领域的可持续发展。船舶污染以及港口环境污染问题需要积极采取有效的防治措施,而港口环境污染部分来源于船舶污染物,因此,需要对船舶污染与港口环境污染联防联治,结合当前针对船舶污染实施的防治要求,对当前船舶污染与港口环境污染防治存在的问题进行分析.通过分析得知,当前船舶污染与港口环境污染防治问题主要包括应急能力不足、基础设施不完善、设备监控技术水平低、缺乏对污染物接收的能力等等。因此,本文重点对这些问题进行详细分析,并制定相应的防治对策,为船舶污染以及港口环境污染的有效治理提供支持。

烟台港西港区矿石码头建设绿色港口发展方向的探讨

随着全球贸易的快速增长,港口作为国际贸易的关键节点,面临着巨大的环境和能源压力,特别是干散货码头尤为突出。绿色港口作为一种可持续发展的战略选择,旨在实现港口运营对环境和社会的最小化影响,同时提高能源效率和经济效益。文章以烟台港西港区矿石码头为例,分析了烟台港现有环保措施比较常规,对标国内先进的绿色港口还存在很大的差距,同时对烟台港建设绿色港口的发展方向进行探讨,可以从污染防治措施、低碳节能技术、清洁能源利用和管理策略等多方面改进,逐步建成国内先进的绿色港口。

基于WiFi通信的室内环境监测系统设计

设计一种结合空气质量检测传感器和WiFi通信模块HF2211串口的室内空气质量监测系统,从硬、软件平台两个部分进行设计与实现。该系统的硬件平台主要由空气质量检测传感器、WiFi模块HF2211串口构成。软件平台检测设备端实现温度、湿度、CO_(2)浓度、PM2.5浓度以及甲醛浓度这5项室内空气质量指标的实时显示以及无线发送。通过与检测设备端进行无线连接,可从电脑端实时/远程监测系统,以此达到可视化接收室内空气质量信息的目的。通过WiFi模块把数据上传到阿里云平台,实现远程数据实时监测和控制。