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Evolving thoracic surgery: from open surgery to single port thoracoscopic surgery and future robotic 被引量:9
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作者 Diego Gonzalez-Rivas 《Chinese Journal of Cancer Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第1期4-6,共3页
Thoracic Surgery is a continuous evolving specialty. In the past, thoracic surgeons had to make large incisions in order to operate any pathology inside the chest. This often meant big, painful and ugly scars and long... Thoracic Surgery is a continuous evolving specialty. In the past, thoracic surgeons had to make large incisions in order to operate any pathology inside the chest. This often meant big, painful and ugly scars and long recovery times after surgery. But he history of thoracic surgery changed since the begining of video-assisted thoracoscoDic surgery (VATg3 展开更多
关键词 from open surgery to single port thoracoscopic surgery and future robotic VATS Evolving thoracic surgery FIGURE
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The establishment of Macao as a special port city and ensuing debates
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作者 Wu Zhiliang 《Social Sciences in China》 2009年第2期116-133,共18页
Macao was one of the earliest port cities in China to be opened to foreigners; but how, under the institutions of Ming dynasty China, it should be opened to the Portuguese, and what its character and function should b... Macao was one of the earliest port cities in China to be opened to foreigners; but how, under the institutions of Ming dynasty China, it should be opened to the Portuguese, and what its character and function should be, were subjects that triggered controversy both at court and among non-officials. It was only after a lengthy process of evolution that Macao finally developed into a commercial city. The special political environment, administrative patterns and social experiences of early Macao created a unique character and tradition of "harmony amidst difference, and difference amidst harmony" that was maintained for centuries with undiminished vitality. 展开更多
关键词 MACAO opening as a port establishment of the city political debates historicalrole
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