Portable System for CWA Detection Using Micro Array Gas Sensor

Biochemistry weapon is raising new tools of war and terror.This research is an experiment about portable system for CWAs (chemical warfare agents) detection using micro array gas system.CWAs were divided into four types such as blood, nerve,vesicant,and choking agent.To detect various CWAs,semiconductor thick film sensor array based on tin oxide was fabricated and their gas responses were examined.Operating temperature was range of 250℃to 350℃and gas concentration was range of 0.1μg/g to 10μg/g.Sensor array was measured as operating temperatures,concentrations for four simulant agents of CWAs.Extracted parameters from results were carried out classification among CWAs through the principal component analysis (PCA).Also,classification of gases is studied using adaptive resonance theory (ART) that is one of neural network algorithm.Results displayed using PDA system.

Localization of a Robotic Capsule for GI Motility Inspection with a Portable Ultrasonic System

The micro-systems used for in vivo physical inspection have many advantages over traditional methods. In order to aid diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders, a capsule is developed for GI pressure and pH inspection. Localization of the capsule in GI tract with time is a necessary condition for subsequent data analysis and medical diagnosis. It is also a common problem facing all in vivo mobile micro-systems. An approach of segment localization by utilizing some key points along GI tract is proposed. A portable ultrasonic detecting device was designed for this purpose. Experiments under conditions similar to GI tract were carried out and the results proved the effectiveness and reliability of this method and the device.

Real-Time Black Carbon Emissions from Light-Duty Passenger Vehicles Using a Portable Emissions Measurement System

Black carbon(BC)is considered the second largest anthropogenic climate forcer,but the radiative effects of BC are highly correlated with its combustion sources.On-road vehicles are an important source of anthropogenic BC.However,there are major uncertainties in the estimates of the BC emissions from on-road light-duty passenger vehicles(LDPVs),and results obtained with the portable emissions measurement system(PEMS)method are particularly lacking.We developed a PEMS platform and evaluated the on-road BC emissions from ten in-use LDPVs.We demonstrated that the BC emission factors(EFs)of gasoline direction injection(GDI)engine vehicles range from 1.10 to 1.56 mg.km^(-1),which are higher than the EFs of port fuel injection(PFI)engine vehicles(0.10–0.17 mg.km^(-1))by a factor of 11.The BC emissions during the cold-start phase contributed 2%–33%to the total emissions.A strong correlation(R^(2)=0.70)was observed between the relative BC EFs and average vehicle speed,indicating that traffic congestion alleviation could effectively mitigate BC emissions.Moreover,BC and particle number(PN)emissions were linearly correlated(R^(2)=0.90),and compared to PFI engine vehicles,the instantaneous PN-to-BC emission rates of GDI engine vehicles were less sensitive to vehicle specific power-to-velocity(VSPV)increase in all speed ranges.

Impact of intestinal ultrasound with a portable system in the management of Crohn’s disease

Background:Intestinal ultrasound(IUS)is a valid cross-sectional imaging technique for the evaluation of Crohn’s disease(CD).With advancements in technology,portable ultrasound systems are becoming widely available,and the inevitable change to their use by non-radiologist clinicians would be a valuable contribution to improving patient care.This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic yield of IUS examination performed by a gastroenterologist with a portable system as an adjunct imaging modality in the routine care of CD patients.Methods:A total of 117 CD patients were assessed by IUS imaging.Pre-and post-IUS clinical-management decisions were recorded.The primary outcome was to evaluate the change in the patients’clinical-management decision following the IUS examination.The diagnostic accuracy was compared against the reference decision reached via a multidisiplinary meeting after the evaluation of all patient-related data.The endoscopic disease activity was determined using the simple endoscopic score for Crohn’s disease(SES-CD).Results:The initial clinical-management decision was changed in 47 patients(40.2%)after the IUS examination(P=0.001).The accuracy of patient-management decisions improved from 63.2%to 90.6%in comparison to reference decisions(P<0.001).After IUS examination,a further 13 cases(11.1%)were identified for urgent surgical/interventional procedures.The accuracy of colonoscopic(SES-CD≥3)assessment was shown to be comparable to that of IUS(94%vs 91%).The sensitivity for disease presence was 95%with colonoscopy and 94%with the IUS assessment.Conclusion:IUS examination with the use of a portable ultrasonography system significantly improves clinicalmanagement decisions.With further supporting data,this practice would possibly become a requirement for CD management.

Accuracy and Electromagnetic Safety Evaluation of a Portable Electromagnetic Localization System for Micro Invasive Medical Devices in Vivo

Aiming at localizing the telemetric capsule for detecting gastrointestinal physiological parameters in vivo accurately,a portable alternating current(AC)electromagnetic localization system is designed.To verify the feasibility of the method,the model and construction of the localization system are detailed.And static and dynamic accuracy of the localization system are tested by experiments.Next,we compare the simulating results of the electromagnetic radiation aroused by the localization system with the electromagnetic safety standards of human(ICNIRP guidelines and IEEE standard C95.1-1991).Finally,in terms of the results of the static and dynamic experiments,conclusions are drawn that the accuracy of portable positioning system is high(less than 10 mm)enough to satisfy the localization need of the micro invasive medical devices in vivo,and there is no harm of electromagnetic radiation to human.

A portable instrument for measurement of atmospheric O_(x) and NO_(2) based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy

Atmospheric O_(x)(nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))+ozone(O_(3)))can better reflect the local and regional change character-istics of oxidants compared to O_(3)alone,so obtaining O_(x)accurately and rapidly is the basis for evaluating the O_(3)production rate.Furthermore,O_(x)has proved to be a more representative indicator and can serve as a reflection of pollution prevention efficacy.A portable instrument for measuring atmospheric O_(x)and NO_(2)based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy(O_(x)/NO_(2)-CRDS)was developed in this work.The NO_(2)concentration is accurately mea-sured according to its absorption characteristic at 407.86 nm.Ambient O_(3)is converted into NO_(2)by chemical titration of high concentrations of nitrogen oxide(NO),and the O_(3)conversion efficiencies obtained are nearly 99%.The detection limit of the O_(x)/NO_(2)-CRDS system for O_(x)is 0.024 ppbv(0.1 s),and the overall uncertainty of the instrument is±6%.Moreover,the Kalman filtering technique was applied to improve the measurement accuracy of O_(x)/NO_(2)-CRDS.The system was applied in a comprehensive field observation campaign at Hefei Sci-ence Island from 26 to 30 September 2022,and the time concentration series and change characteristics of O_(x)and NO_(2)were obtained for five days.The measured O_(x)concentrations were compared with those of two com-mercial instruments,and the consistency was good(R^(2)=0.98),indicating that this system can be deployed to accurately and rapidly obtain the concentrations of atmospheric O_(x)and NO_(2).It will be a useful tool for assessing the atmospheric oxidation capacity and controlling O_(3)pollution.

Update on the use of portable monitoring system for the diagnosis of sleep apnea in specific population

The prevalence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) is higher in specific population: children, elderly,obese and patients with pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, compared to the general population. OSA is associated with greater morbidity and mortality in these patients. Although full-night polysomnography is still the gold standard diagnostic sleep study for OSA, it is a time consuming, expensive and technically demanding exam. Over the last few years, there is growing evidence on the use of portable monitors(PM) as an alternative for the diagnosis of OSA. These devices were developed specially for sleep evaluation at home, at a familiar environment, with easy selfapplication of monitoring, unattended. The use of PM is stablished for populations with high pre-test probability of OSA. However, there is a lack of studies on the use of PM in age extremes and patients with comorbidities. The purpose of this review is to present the studies that evaluated the use of PM in specific population, as well as to describe the advantages, limitations and applications of these devices in this particular group of patients. Although the total loss rate of recordings is variable in different studies, the agreement with fullnight polysomnography justifies the use of PM in this population.

China's Vanguard Portable SAM System

ＣｈｉｎａｓＶａｎｇｕａｒｄＰｏｒｔａｂｌｅＳＡＭＳｙｓｔｅｍＢｙＴａｎｇＸｉａｏｂｉｎＪｉａｎｇＹｕｅｔｉｅＣｈｉｎａｓＶａｎｇｕａｒｄ（ＱＷ１）ｐｏｒｔａｂｌｅＳＡＭｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｓｔｈｅｓｅｃｏｎｄｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｏｒｔａｂｌ...

Study on portable rice husk GASOGENO system

Nearly 1.03×10~8 t of rice husk per year is extracted from paddy as waste globally. Investigations have been carried out at CNRRI to design a portable rice husk Gasifier-Engine System (GASOGENO) for an effective utilization of rice husk as farm energy source. Gasifier with 25 cm diameter based on the design of the University of California at Davis was matched with the Chinese S-195 engine. A mixture device to give air and gas with the ratio of 1.5: 1 was mounted to upstream of engine for the purpose of dual fuel running. Tests were conducted on a hydraulic dynamometer. The gasifier generates a nearly uniform gas flow at the rate of 18 Nm~3/h with lower heating value of 4.02 MJ/Nm~3. One kg rice husk can produce 2.39 Nm~3 gas. The optimal strength for gasification is 195 kg/m~29·h. The transfer efficiency for cold gas is 52.4%. To achieve satisfactory dual fuel engine performance, a slight

Migratable Power System Transient Stability AssessmentMethod Based on Improved XGBoost

The data-driven transient stability assessment(TSA)of power systems can predict online real-time prediction by learning the temporal features before and after faults.However,the accuracy of the assessment is limited by the quality of the data and has weak transferability.Based on this,this paper proposes a method for TSA of power systems based on an improved extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)model.Firstly,the gradient detection method is employed to remove noise interference while maintaining the original time series trend.On this basis,a focal loss function is introduced to guide the training of theXGBoostmodel,enhancing the deep exploration of minority class samples to improve the accuracy of the model evaluation.Furthermore,to improve the generalization ability of the evaluation model,a transfer learning method based on model parameters and sample augmentation is proposed.The simulation analysis on the IEEE 39-bus system demonstrates that the proposed method,compared to the traditional machine learning-based transient stability assessment approach,achieves an average improvement of 2.16%in evaluation accuracy.Specifically,under scenarios involving changes in topology structure and operating conditions,the accuracy is enhanced by 3.65%and 3.11%,respectively.Moreover,the model updating efficiency is enhanced by 14–15 times,indicating the model’s transferable and adaptive capabilities across multiple scenarios.

Portable mixed abrasive water jet equipment for rescue in high gas mine shaft

In order to rescue a trapped miner and clean out roadways quickly in a high gas mine shaft after a mining mishap, a special portable cold-cutting equipment is needed, the main technology parameters were calculated according to the advanced cold-cutting technology of high pressure abrasive water jet and the portable mixed abrasive water jet equipment （PAWE） was designed to meet the needs of emergency rescue in high gas mine shafts. Tested the PAWE in a high gas environment, and the result shows that the maximum cutting depth of solid iron pipe is 18 mm and the recoilforce of the sprayer is 28.9 N under the conditions that actual cutting pressure is 29 MPa, starting target distance is 10 ram, cutting speed is 180 mm/min and concentration of abrasive is 32%. The course of the experiment in the high gas environment was smooth and continuous, without any explosion. The PAWE is easy to move and operate, but the nozzle which was worn badly in the sprayer should be changed every 8 minutes.

Application-oriented hydrolysis reaction system of solid-state hydrogen storage materials for high energy density target:A review

Hydrogen storage and delivery technology is still a bottleneck in the hydrogen industry chain.Among all kinds of hydrogen storage methods,light-weight solid-state hydrogen storage(LSHS)materials could become promising due to its intrinsic high hydrogen capacity.Hydrolysis reaction of LSHS materials occurs at moderate conditions,indicating the potential for portable applications.At present,most of review work focuses on the improvement of material performance,especially the catalysts design.This part is important,but the others,such as operation modes,are also vital to to make full use of material potential in the practical applications.Different operation modes of hydrolysis reaction have an impact on hydrogen capacity to various degrees.For example,hydrolysis in solution would decrease the hydrogen capacity of hydrogen generator to a low value due to the excessive water participating in the reaction.Therefore,application-oriented operation modes could become a key problem for hydrolysis reaction of LSHS materials.In this paper,the operation modes of hydrolysis reaction and their practical applications are mainly reviewed.The implements of each operation mode are discussed and compared in detail to determine the suitable one for practical applications with the requirement of high energy density.The current challenges and future directions are also discussed.

A Braille Reading System Based on Electrotactile Display With Flexible Electrode Array

Dear editor,Due to visual impairment and lack of social attention,the reading problem of the blind has not been well resolved.Many existing Braille reading devices still have many problems and are not accepted by the public.This paper developed a portable Braille reading system based on electrotactile display technology.The proposed system is composed of a six-channel electrotactile stimulator,a flexible electrode array for Braille display and a graphical user interface(GUI)for monitoring and control.Based on the flexibility of the system,two Braille reading strategies have been designed:spatial mode and sequential mode.The system was preliminary tested by six sighted subjects.The results showed that subjects were able to recognize Braille characters with more than 80%accuracy within less than 10 seconds for the initial use.Compared to existing Braille reading systems,this system is portable,wearable and flexible in control.

An Information Hiding Algorithm Based on Bitmap Resource of Portable Executable File

An information hiding algorithm is proposed, which hides information by embedding secret data into the palette of bitmap resources of portable executable （PE） files. This algorithm has higher security than some traditional ones because of integrating secret data and bitmap resources together. Through analyzing the principle of bitmap resources parsing in an operating system and the layer of resource data in PE files, a safe and useful solution is presented to solve two problems that bitmap resources are incorrectly analyzed and other resources data are confused in the process of data embedding. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are confirmed through computer experiments.

Use of portable X-ray fluorescence in the analysis of surficial sediments in the exploration of hydrothermal vents on the Southwest Indian Ridge

Hydrothermal plumes released from the eruption of sea floor hydrothermal fluids contain large amounts of oreforming materials. They precipitate within certain distances from the hydrothermal vent. Six surficial sediment samples from the Southwest Indian Ridge（SWIR） were analyzed by a portable X-ray fluorescence（PXRF） analyzer on board to find a favorable method fast and efficient enough for sea floor sulfide sediment geochemical exploration. These sediments were sampled near, at a moderate distance from, or far away from hydrothermal vents. The results demonstrate that the PXRF is effective in determining the enrichment characteristics of the oreforming elements in the calcareous sediments from the mid-ocean ridge. Sediment samples（〉40 mesh） have high levels of elemental copper, zinc, iron, and manganese, and levels of these elements in sediments finer than 40 mesh are lower and relatively stable. This may be due to relatively high levels of basalt debris/glass in the coarse sediments, which are consistent with the results obtained by microscopic observation. The results also show clear zoning of elements copper, zinc, arsenic, iron, and manganese in the surficial sediments around the hydrothermal vent. Sediments near the vent show relatively high content of the ore-forming elements and either high ratios of copper to iron content and zinc to iron content or high ratios of copper to manganese content and zinc to manganese content. These findings show that the content of the ore-forming elements in the sediments around hydrothermal vents are mainly influenced by the distance of sediments to the vent, rather than grain size. In this way, the PXRF analysis of surface sediment geochemistry is found to satisfy the requirements of recognition geochemical anomaly in mid-ocean ridge sediments. Sediments with diameters finer than 40 mesh should be used as analytical samples in the geochemical exploration for hydrothermal vents on mid-oceanic ridges. The results concerning copper, zinc, arsenic, iron, and manganese and their ratio features can be used as indicators in sediment geochemical exploration of seafloor sulfides.

Portable and automated analyzer for rapid and high precision in vitro dissolution of drugs

We developed a novel portable and automated dissolution test analyzer for rapid and high precision in vitro dissolution testing of drugs.The analyzer consists of a flow-through-cell drug dissolution system,an automated sequential sampling system,a high-speed capillary electrophoresis(HSCE)system,and a data acquisition system.Combining the high-temporal resolution flow-gating sampling approach with HSCE,which has outstanding advantages of efficient separation and resolution,the analyzer can achieve rapid analysis and exhibits the ability in miniaturization for on-site assessment of different active pharmaceutical ingredients.To integrate the flow-through-cell dissolution system with HSCE,a specially designed flow-gating-injection(FGI)interface was employed.The performance of the analyzer was investigated by analyzing the dissolution of immediate-release drugs including single dose(amoxicillin dispersible tablets)and fixed dose combination(amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium)drug tablets with the high-temporal resolutions of 12 s and 20 s,respectively.The dissolution profiles of different active pharmaceutical ingredients could be simultaneously and automatically monitored with high repeatability and accuracy.The analyzer was successfully utilized for the pharmaceutical quality control and bio-relevant dissolution testing,as well as in vivo-in vitro correlation analysis.Our portable analyzer is miniaturized,convenient and of low-cost,and will provide a valuable tool for dissolution testing in pharmaceutical research and development.

Collecting Traffic Video Data Using Portable Poles: Survey, Proposal, and Analysis

Several initiatives have been launched to help prevention of traffic accidents and near-accidents across the European Union. To aid the overall goal of reducing deaths and injuries related to traffic, one must understand the causation of the traffic accidents in order to prevent them. Rather than deploying a person to physically monitor a location, the task is eased by camera equipment installed in existing infrastructure, e.g. poles, and buildings, etc. In rural areas there is however a very limited infrastructure available which complicates the data acquisition. But even if there is infrastructure available in either the rural area or the urban area, this might not serve as an ideal position to capture video data from. In this work, we survey and provide an overview of available and relevant portable poles setups with respect to capturing data in both urban areas and rural areas. The conclusion of the survey shows a lack of a mobile, lightweight, compact, and easy deployable portable pole. We therefore design and develop a new portable pole meeting these requirements. The new proposed portable pole can be deployed by 2 persons in 2 hours in both rural areas as well as urban areas due to its compactness. The deployment and usage of the new portable pole is a complimentary tool, which may improve the camera capturing angle in case existing infrastructure is insufficient. This ultimately improves the traffic monitoring opportunities. Further, the survey of selected portable poles provides an excellent overview and can aid multiple applications within road traffic.

Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery Guidance by screen imaging using an EDA-H portable medium-soft electronic endoscope

The present study aimed to verify the practicability of performing screen-based surgical operations under the guidance of a real-time viewing and recording system （RTVRS） using a portable medium-soft electronic endoscope （pmsEE）. The middle cerebral artery in rats was occluded under screen-imaging guidance using a pmsEE RTVRS to reproduce an animal model of human cerebral infarction. The screen imaging of the pmsEE RTVRS was clear, life-like, stereoscopic and synchronous with the actual operation. Screen-imaging guidance led to an accurate, smooth, minimally invasive and comparatively easy surgical procedure. The surgical success rate, time of model establishment, neurological function scores, and infarct volume were similar to those using an operating microscope. These results indicate that the self-designed pmsEE RTVRS could be utilized for portable endoscopic screen-based surgical operations.

Portable FBAR based E-nose for cold chain real-time bananas shelf time detection

Being cheap,nondestructive,and easy to use,gas sensors play important roles in the food industry.However,most gas sensors are suitable more for laboratory-quality fast testing rather than for cold-chain continuous and cumulative testing.Also,an ideal electronic nose(E-nose)in a cold chain should be stable to its surroundings and remain highly accurate and portable.In this work,a portable film bulk acoustic resonator(FBAR)-based E-nose was built for real-time measurement of banana shelf time.The sensor chamber to contain the portable circuit of the E-nose is as small as a smartphone,and by introducing an air-tight FBAR as a reference,the E-nose can avoid most of the drift caused by surroundings.With the help of porous layer by layer(LBL)coating of the FBAR,the sensitivity of the E-nose is 5 ppm to ethylene and 0.5 ppm to isoamyl acetate and isoamyl butyrate,while the detection range is large enough to cover a relative humidity of 0.8.In this regard,the E-nose can easily discriminate between yellow bananas with green necks and entirely yellow bananas while allowing the bananas to maintain their biological activities in their normal storage state,thereby showing the possibility of real-time shelf time detection.This portable FBAR-based E-nose has a large testing scale,high sensitivity,good humidity tolerance,and low frequency drift to its surroundings,thereby meeting the needs of cold-chain usage.

Automatic Measurement of Fetal Abdominal Biometric Parameters—Feasibility on a Portable Ultrasound Device

An automatic method for measuring the fetal mean abdominal diameter (MAD) or abdominal circumference (AC) with ultrasound is proposed. From a correctly presented abdominal section suitable for MAD or AC measurement, the location of fetal abdomen is detected by image processing. Thereafter, an active contour model is converged along the abdominal boundary for measurement purposes. The validation data set contained 310 images of fetuses with gestational age (GA) from 14 to 41 weeks. The measurement success rate was 88.1%. By manually indicating the location of the abdomen, the success rate was further improved to 95.8% for the failed cases. The correlation between manual and automatic measurements was 0.95 and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.976 (95% confidence interval (CI);0.969 - 0.981). The average method execution time was 0.3 s. The mean error was lower in young fetuses (0.4%) than in older fetuses (-2.1%). The proposed cross-platform method was implemented on a portable, low-cost ultrasound machine prototype targeted for low- and middle-income countries (LMIC);the results achieved were comparable to those of other state-of-the-art automatic methods.