Chemical composition and biological activities of Portulaca oleracea

Portulaca oleracea(P.oleracea)is a traditional Chinese herbal that has the effects of soothing the liver and clearing collaterals,strengthening the spleen and stomach,moistening the intestines and detoxifying.With the development of the pharmaceutical industry,the medicinal value of P.oleracea is becoming increasingly prominent.It is commonly used in clinical practice for clearing heat and detoxifying,inhibiting bacteria,preventing and treating diseases such as hypertension,coronary heart disease,and cerebral infarction,indicating its broad application prospects.This study reviews the chemical components and pharmacological activities of P.oleracea in recent decades.

恶性杂草马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea)种子萌发特性的研究

为了明确恶性杂草马齿苋种子的萌发特性,本文研究了温度、光照、pH、水势、盐分及土层深度对其种子萌发的影响。结果表明:马齿苋种子在光照L∥D=14h∥10h、温度白天32℃,晚上28℃的变温条件下萌发率最高,为92%。马齿苋种子萌发适宜的酸碱度范围较宽,在5<pH<10范围内,60%以上的种子均可萌发。马齿苋种子萌发率在水势为0～-0.8MPa范围内从89.17%降低至43.33%,即马齿苋种子在较干旱的环境下仍可以萌发。马齿苋种子耐盐性较强,当NaCl浓度为160mmol/L时,其种子萌发率仍高达53.33%。当马齿苋种子位于土壤表层时,其萌发率最高,达90.83%,土层深度的增加会严重抑制其萌发生长。说明马齿苋种子的萌发受环境影响较大,掌握各种环境因子对其种子的影响,采取并制定有效的综合管理措施以遏制其进一步危害叶菜类蔬菜。

马齿苋Portulaca oleracea的化学成分

从马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea)乙酸乙酯提取物中分离得到4个化合物,经MS和NMR等波谱技术分析,并结合文献对照,确定其结构分别为谷甾-4-烯-3-醇(1),谷甾-5-烯-3-醇(2),friedelan-4-αmethyl-3-βOH(3)和β-胡萝卜甙(4),其中化合物1,2,4为首次从该类植物中分离.初步评价了化合物3的抗肿瘤活性.

Optimization of ISSR-PCR System and Conditions for Portulaca oleracea L.

With Portulaca oleracea L. as an experimental material, its total DNA was extracted by the improved CTAB method, the ISSR-PCR primers were screened, and the ISSR-PCR reaction system and reaction conditions for P. oleracea were Optimized. The results showed that there were 8 primers suitable for ISSR-PCR of P. oleracea. The optimal reaction system had a volume of 25 μl, including 2 x Taq Platinum PCR Master Mix 12.5 μl, primer 2 μl, ddH20 9.5 μl, and DNA template 1μl. The optimized ISSR-PCR of P. oleracea was started with pre-denaturation at 94 ℃ for 360 s, followed by 30 cycles of denaturation at 94 ℃ for 60 s, annealing at 54 ℃ for 60 s and extension at 72 ℃ for 90 s, and completed by extension at 72 ℃ for 300 s.

Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution by <i>Portulaca oleracea</i>Leaves: Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Studies

Portulaca oleracea leaves are tested as an agriculture adsorbent material for reducing Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The pH of solution, adsorbent dose, shaking speed and particles size of adsorbent were constants at all adsorption experiments. Effects of contact time on adsorption capacity of Pb(II) onto Portulaca oleracea leaves were studied. The adsorption capacity increased as the contact time increased and reached equilibrium at one hour. Kinetic models including a first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion equations were selected to follow the adsorption process. The process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic and the intra-particle diffusion is the main step to interpret the mechanism of adsorption. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radush Kevich (D-R) isotherm models were applied to describe adsorption equilibrium data. Results proved that the Langmuir isotherm model gave an acceptable fit to the experimental data more than Freundlich isotherm model. Maximum adsorption capacities obtained were 192.3, 333.3 and 434 mg/g at 295, 303 and 310 K, respectively. According to D-R isotherm data, the adsorption process is classified as physical adsorption. Thermodynamically, the adsorption process is non spontaneous, endothermic and random in nature.

Portulaca oleracea alleviates CCl4-induced acute liver injury by regulating hepatic S100A8 and S100A9

Objective: Acute liver injury(ALF) is a potential factor of many serious hepatopathies. Carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) is a possible environmental toxicant that can induce ALF. Portulaca oleracea(PO) is one of the most popular edible herbs and has several biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory effects. We explored the significance of PO in regulating inflammatory function in animal models and cultured hepatocytes during liver damage caused by CCl4.Methods: The effect of PO on ALF was evaluated by CCl4-induced mice models in vivo. Hepatic levels of transaminase activities and inflammatory factors were examined. The gene and protein expression of S100A8 and S100A9 were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Meanwhile, the efficacy of PO was certified by HepG2 cells in vitro. The transaminase activities, inflammatory factors, and the protein expression of S100A8 and S100A9 were also detected.Results: Animal tests showed that pretreatment with PO reduced the liver pathological tissue damage and the serum levels of ALT, AST, ALT and LDH, as well as reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-a) secretion in CCl4-induced liver injury mice. Simultaneously, Hep G2 cells pretreated with PO exhibited a significant decrease in the activities of ALT and AST. Moreover, PO resulted in a significant downregulation of the pro-inflammatory markers S100A8, S100A9 gene and protein expression on CCl4induced acute liver injury was demonstrated entirely in vivo and vitro experiments.Conclusion: PO may down-regulate S100A8 and S100A9 and inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines’ release,indicating a potential clinical effect for controlling the disease.

Extracts of Portulaca oleracea promote wound healing by enhancing angiology regeneration and inhibiting iron accumulation in mice

Objective:To investigate the role of Portulaca oleracea(POL)in promoting revascularization and reepithelization as well as inhibiting iron aggregation and inflammation of deep tissue pressure injury(DTPI).Methods:The hydroalcoholic extract of POL(P)and aqueous phase fraction of POL(PD)were prepared based on maceration and liquid–liquid extraction.The number of new blood vessels and VEGF-A expression level were assessed using H&E stain and Western blot on injured muscle to examine the role of POL different extracts in vascularization.The iron distribution and total elemental iron of injured muscle were detected using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)and Perls’staining to determine whether POL extracts can inhibit the iron accumulation.Besides,the ability of POL extracts to promote wound healing by combining re-epithelization time,inflammation degree and collagen deposition area were comprehensively evaluated.Results:In vitro,we observed a significant increase in HUVEC cell viability,migration rate and the number of the tube after P and PD treatment(P<0.05).In vivo,administration of P and PD impacted vascularization and iron accumulation on injured tissue,evident from more new blood vessels,higher expression of VEGF-A and decreased muscle iron concentration of treatment groups compared with no-treatment groups(P<0.05).Besides,shorter re-epithelization time,reduced inflammatory infiltration and distinct collagen deposition were associated with administration of P and PD(P<0.05).Conclusion:POL extract administration groups have high-quality wound healing,which is associated with increased new blood vessels,collagen deposition and re-epithelization,along with decreased iron accumulation and inflammatory infiltration.Our results suggest that that POL extract is beneficial to repair injured muscle after ischemia–reperfusion,highlighting the potential of POL in the DTPI treatment.

The Influence of Portulaca Oleracea L. Leaves Extracts on the Histoarchitecture of Culex Quinquefasciatus and Anopheles Stephensi Larvae

Background:Mosquito is a big threat to the human health.Mosquito-borne diseases cause millions of death to the human beings.Hence,a permanent solution is eagerly to be established to control its excessive growth in stagnant water.Portulaca oleracea Linn is a natural larvicidal agent,which contains active ingredients such as linolenic acid,linoleic acid(omega-3 fatty acids).These bioactive compounds may be responsible for its larvicidal properties on mosquito.Objective:The present study is focussed on identifying the bioactive compounds,such as linolenic acid,through GC-MS,and analyzing the larvicidal efficacy of Portulaca oleracea L.against Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi larvae.Methods:Preliminary phytochemical analysis,total protein content,total carbohydrate content,total phenol content,total flavonoid content and GC-MS analysis exhibited the presence of rich phytoconstituents in Portulaca oleracea.DPPH analysis was carried out to analyze the antioxidant potential of plant extract.Larvicidal activity and histological change were detected to evaluate the efficacy of Portulaca oleracea L.on the Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi larvae.Results:Aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of Portulaca oleracea L.against both Culex quinquefasciatus and Anophe-les stephensi larvae,showed a very good larvicidal activity at 500μg/mL among the various concentrations.His-tological damages of mosquito larvae were observed when treated with the Portulaca oleracea L.extract,and provided further evidence for its larvicidal activity.Conclusion:This study concluded that the plant Portulaca oleracea L.contained many useful bioactive compounds,can be a strong larvicidal agent against both Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi larvae.The molecular mechanism for the larvicidal activity will be identified in future studies.

Research and application of Portulaca oleracea in pharmaceutical area

Portulaca oleracea, a plant species used as medicine and food, is widely spread in most areas of China. It is also a popular food in some Europe and Mediterranean countries. Purslane contains a variety of chemical constituents with pharmacological activities, such as antitumor, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antibacterial,anti-inflammatory activities. It is also full of plenty of nutrients serving as a diet food or healthy food.Here we reviewed purslane in the following aspects: botanical resources, ethnopharmacological function,chemical constituents, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, safety evaluation and toxicity, and clinical applications.

马齿苋活性成分及在化妆品中的功效

马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea L.)是一种常见的中草药植物,含有黄酮类化合物、生物碱类化合物、有机酸类化合物等丰富的活性成分,具有抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗过敏等药理活性,且已被应用于化妆品中。对马齿苋活性成分及在化妆品中的功效等方面的研究进展进行了综述,以期为今后马齿苋的深入研究和开发应用提供理论支持。

响应面法优化马齿苋总多酚提取工艺及其抗氧化活性分析

以马齿苋为原料,采用超声辅助提取马齿苋总多酚。以总多酚提取量为指标,在单因素试验的基础上通过响应面法优化提取工艺,并分析马齿苋总多酚的抗氧化活性。结果表明:最佳提取工艺为液料比30:1(mL/g)提取温度45℃、乙醇体积分数60%、提取时间40min,在此条件下马齿苋总多酚提取量为6.89mg/g。抗氧化试验表明,马齿苋总多酚具有较好的抗氧化活性。

纤维素酶辅助提取马齿苋总黄酮工艺优化及抑菌分析研究

用纤维素酶处理马齿苋,利用响应面设计,从纤维素酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解温度、酶解pH值四个因素优化纤维素酶处理后的黄酮提取率。对马齿苋提取物粗粉中的总黄酮进行抑菌试验。结果表明:脱脂后的马齿苋经测定黄酮类化合物含量为5.32%。最佳工艺条件为酶解温度50℃,酶的添加量0.6%,酶解时间1.8 h,酶解的pH值4.5,所得黄酮提取率6.09%,与未经酶处理相比,提取率提高1.14倍。对验证试验的黄酮粗粉进行抑菌试验,表明对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有抑制作用,其中对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果较好。马齿苋经过纤维素酶酶解后,黄酮分子从细胞内溶出,提高马齿苋黄酮的提取率,提取的黄酮粗粉有抑菌活性,本研究为马齿苋黄酮的分离纯化、功能性研究提供支持。

低糖马齿苋紫薯酱加工工艺优化及其产品品质评价

为了满足消费者对口味多样化、健康饮食的需求,开发一种低糖、零防腐剂的新型复合果酱的科学配方和先进制造方法。以富含人体健康功能因子的马齿苋和紫薯为主要原料,通过单因素实验和正交试验优化了马齿苋紫薯酱的配方,并对最终产品及其贮藏期间的营养物质、理化和卫生指标进行了测定。结果表明,低糖马齿苋紫薯酱的最佳配方为:马齿苋茎叶汁紫薯块根浆质量比为5:5,柠檬酸添加量为0.3%,山梨糖醇添加量为25%,增稠剂添加量为0.4%。按此配方制得的马齿苋紫薯酱色泽呈紫红色,酱体均匀,口感细腻,酸甜适中,具有马齿苋和紫薯特有的香味,感官评分为90.5±0.4分。最终产品的可溶性固形物为42.32%±1.43%,总糖为13.41±0.52 g/100 g,pH3.61±0.18,粗蛋白为0.83±0.08 g/100 g,VC为3.77±0.11 mg/100 g,黄酮为4.18±0.10 mg/g,多酚为2.05±0.13 mg/g,花青素为37.27±0.84 mg/100 g,以上理化指标及卫生指标均达到果酱类的国家标准。马齿苋紫薯酱对DPPH自由基的IC50值为7.071 mg/mL,表明该酱具有一定的抗氧化活性。马齿苋紫薯酱分别在25℃和37℃条件下贮藏1个月后,感官评分及各营养成分均有一定程度下降,菌落总数有所增加,但仍符合果酱国家标准。本项研究结果可为马齿苋和紫薯的精深加工及马齿苋紫薯酱的标准化生产提供参考依据。

马齿苋中抗炎活性物质的提取、分离及结构鉴定

以活性物质示踪为导向,建立脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型对马齿苋中的抗炎物质进行跟踪,采用柱层析提取法、硅胶柱色谱分离法、制备液相色谱法及气相色谱-质谱联用技术对抗炎物质进行提取分离和结构鉴定。结果表明,石油醚-乙醇、无水乙醇和纯水溶剂依次对马齿苋样品进行提取,三种粗提物将细胞中一氧化氮(Nitric Oxide,NO)的分泌量分别减少至33.13、25.83和20.53μmol/L,其中石油醚相粗提物的抑制效果最强(P<0.05)。对石油醚相进一步分离得到四个组分,Fr.1、Fr.2和Fr.3组分具有较强的抗炎效果,但Fr.1和Fr.2组分含有潜在的毒性成分,选择Fr.3组分继续分离。Fr.3组分经硅胶柱分离得到三个组分,Fr.3.1组分表现出最强的抑制NO的分泌量效果(11.80μmol/L)。经制备液相色谱进一步纯化及气质分析,确定Fr.3.1组分的主要成分为硬脂酸(47.09%)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(13.21%)和其他成分。该研究建立了一种从马齿苋中分离纯化出抗炎物质方法,为马齿苋的开发利用提供理论参考。

多酚氧化酶催化马齿苋提取物对真丝织物的染色

为开发天然染料生态染色体系,选用漆酶、酪氨酸酶催化的马齿苋提取物对真丝织物进行染色。探讨生物酶种类、酶催化温度及染色参数对织物K/S值及色牢度的影响,综合运用多种表征手段分析染色过程及机理。结果表明,漆酶在40℃下催化提取物1 h即可提高织物的染色深度。在染色温度80℃、pH为7的条件下染色3 h,所得丝织物的K/S值为2.639,耐皂洗和耐摩擦色牢度达到4级及以上。漆酶催化提取物对丝织物的上染过程符合准二级动力学模型,属于化学吸附;电子鼻传感器响应雷达图显示提取物经漆酶催化后染得的织物散发出非常浓郁的芳香气味。

马齿苋治疗特应性皮炎分子机制的网络药理学研究

目的基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探寻马齿苋治疗特应性皮炎的分子机制。方法从TCMSP数据库中检索马齿苋的药物化学成分。从PubChem数据库和SwissTargetPredicton数据库检索马齿苋化学成分的作用靶点,从GeneCards数据库中检索特应性皮炎及相关的过敏性疾病的靶点,通过计算得到上述两者的共同靶点,进行一系列计算包括GO和KEGG富集等,并用Discovery Studio进行分子对接预测。选择特应性皮炎实验常用的HaCaT细胞和RAW264.7细胞进行实验。结果马齿苋的有效化学成分有48种;马齿苋与特应性皮炎共有靶点20个;GO富集结果显示,生物学功能相关有101项,细胞成分相关有18项,分子功能相关28项。KEGG信号通路富集的有75项。分子对接预测图显示药物成分与靶点蛋白分子对接效果良好。结论马齿苋可以通过多个靶点的通路来治疗特应性皮炎。

三七总皂苷和马齿苋多糖合用的抗炎功效评价

为了探讨不同质量浓度下三七总皂苷和马齿苋多糖的协同抗炎组方,将不同质量浓度的三七总皂苷(1、5、25、125μg/mL)和马齿苋多糖(2、10、50、250μg/mL)两两复配,以100μg/mL地塞米松为阳性对照,通过测定炎症因子TNF-α的抑制率评估16种复配组合物的抗炎功效,并采用协同分数(synergy score值)系统定量评价复配组合物中2种成分的相互作用。结果显示,当质量浓度为125μg/mL的三七总皂苷与50μg/mL或250μg/mL的马齿苋多糖复配时,均对TNF-α具有显著的抑制效应,抑制率分别为45.18%和61.42%,其抑制作用与100μg/mL的地塞米松(抑制率为53.17%)无显著性差异(P>0.05),synergy score值分别为15.58和26.44。综上,125μg/mL的三七总皂苷与50μg/mL或250μg/mL的马齿苋多糖合用时协同抑制TNF-α的产生,但其余14种更低剂量的复配组合仅表现为相加作用。

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探究马齿苋抑制猪炎症反应的作用机制

采用网络药理学和分子对接等技术,挖掘马齿苋抑制猪炎症反应的主要活性成分及关键靶点,探究其可能的作用机制。在中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台和Uniprot(Universal protein)中筛选马齿苋有效成分及靶点,通过GeneCards和疾病靶点数据库,获得炎症相关的靶点;利用Venn网站将马齿苋相关靶点与炎症相关靶点进行映射来构建韦恩图,得到马齿苋抗猪炎症的预测靶点。结合String数据库和Cytoscape软件对预测靶点进一步筛选,获取关键靶点后对其进行GO功能富集分析和KEGG通路富集分析,选取排名靠前的关键靶点和活性成分开展分子对接分析。结果表明:筛选得到β-谷甾醇、山柰酚和木犀草素等马齿苋的10个潜在药效成分;马齿苋发挥抗炎作用的核心靶点包括TNF、ALB和TP53等共90个,可参与细胞迁移的正调控、炎症反应、细菌源分子的反应等生物过程,涉及癌症、疟疾、MAPK等信号通路。该研究揭示了马齿苋多成分、多靶点、多途径抑制猪炎症反应的作用机制,为其在实际畜牧养殖中治疗由炎症反应所导致的猪腹泻性相关疾病的具体机制提供理论依据。

马齿苋中吲哚类生物碱的生物活性研究

目的:研究马齿苋中分离所得吲哚类生物碱的抗胆碱酯酶活性及抗氧化活性。方法:采用改良的Ellman法测定各化合物的抗胆碱酯酶活性,通过测量吸光度值计算化合物的胆碱酯酶抑制率,并计算IC_(50)值;采用DPPH自由基清除法测定各化合物的抗氧化活性,通过测量吸光度值计算化合物的DPPH清除率,并计算IC_(50)值。结果:马齿苋中oleraindole A-oleraindole G均有抗胆碱酯酶活性,其中,oleraindole B抗胆碱酯酶作用的IC_(50)值为40.22μM,与阳性药毒扁豆碱(IC_(50)=37.92μM)的活性相当;oleraindole A、B、C、D和G均具有抗氧化活性,其中,oleraindole C和oleraindole A抗氧化作用的IC_(50)值分别为7.49μM和9.68μM,远远优于阳性药BHA的活性(IC_(50)=37.81μM)。结论:oleraindole B抗胆碱酯酶活性较强,oleraindole C和oleraindole A抗氧化活性较优,可为马齿苋生物碱的深入研究提供科学依据。