Combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer alleviates the kernel position effect in summer maize by promoting post-silking nitrogen uptake and dry matter accumulation

Adjusting agronomic measures to alleviate the kernel position effect in maize is important for ensuring high yields.In order to clarify whether the combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer(CAOFCF)can alleviate the kernel position effect of summer maize,field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons,and five treatments were assessed:CF,100%chemical fertilizer;OFCF1,15%organic fertilizer+85%chemical fertilizer;OFCF2,30%organic fertilizer+70%chemical fertilizer;OFCF3,45%organic fertilizer+55%chemical fertilizer;and OFCF4,60%organic fertilizer+40%chemical fertilizer.Compared with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments significantly alleviated the kernel position effect by increasing the weight ratio of inferior kernels to superior kernels and reducing the weight gap between the superior and inferior kernels.These effects were largely due to the improved filling and starch accumulation of inferior kernels.However,there were no obvious differences in the kernel position effect among plants treated with CF,OFCF3,or OFCF4 in most cases.Leaf area indexes,post-silking photosynthetic rates,and net assimilation rates were higher in plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2 than in those treated with CF,reflecting an enhanced photosynthetic capacity and improved postsilking dry matter accumulation(DMA)in the plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2.Compared with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments increased post-silking N uptake by 66.3 and 75.5%,respectively,which was the major factor driving post-silking photosynthetic capacity and DMA.Moreover,the increases in root DMA and zeatin riboside content observed following the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments resulted in reduced root senescence,which is associated with an increased post-silking N uptake.Analyses showed that post-silking N uptake,DMA,and grain yield in summer maize were negatively correlated with the kernel position effect.In conclusion,the combined application of 15-30%organic fertilizer and 70-85%chemical fertilizer alleviated the kernel position effect in summer maize by improving post-silking N uptake and DMA.These results provide new insights into how CAOFCF can be used to improve maize productivity.

Fluorine substitution position effects on spiro(fluorene-9,9’-xanthene) cored hole transporting materials for high-performance planar perovskite solar cells

Fluorine substitution in molecular design has become an effective strategy for improving the overall performance of organic photovoltaics.In this study,three low-cost small molecules of spiro-linked hole transporting materials(SFX-O-2 F,SFX-m-2 F,and SFX-p-2 F) endowed with two-armed t rip he ny la mine moieties were synthesized via tuning of the fluorine substitution position,and they were employed for use in highly efficient perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Despite the fluorine substitution position playing a negligible role in the optical and electrochemical properties of the resulting small molecules,the photovoltaic performance thereof was observed to vary significantly.The planar n-i-p PSCs based on SFX-m-2 F demonstrated superior performance(18.86%) when compared to that of the corresponding SFX-o-2 F(9.7%) and SFX-p-2 F(16.33%) under 100 mW cm^(-2) AM1.5 G solar illumination,which is competitive with the performance of the benchmark spiro-OMeTAD-based device(18.98%).Moreover,the SFX-m-2 Fbased PSCs were observed to be more stable than the spiro-OMeTAD-based devices under ambient conditions.The improved performance of SFX-m-2 F is primarily associated with improved morphology,more efficient hole transport,and extraction characteristics at the perovskite/HTM interface.This work demonstrated the application of fluorination engineering to the tuning of material film morphology and charge transfer properties,showing the promising potential of fluorinated SM-HTMs for the construction of low-cost,high-efficiency PSCs.

Kernel position effects of grain morphological characteristics by X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT)

Grain size and shape are important factors for yield and quality.The difference in grain phenotypic characteristics in the same maize hybrid is related to its position in the ear.This study aimed to clarify the distribution characteristics of grain morphological characteristics in the ear and to provide guidance for research of grain phenotype and kernel position effects.Three maize hybrids were used in the experiment,namely,Denghai 618(DH618),KX3564,and Xianyu 335(XY335),and the kernel number per row were 40,40,and 36,respectively.The X-rayμCT was applied to obtain five kernel morphological indicators,including grain length,width,thickness,volume,surface area.Grain sphericity,length-width ratio,specific surface area,and volume coefficient were further calculated.The results showed that there were three types of maize ear morphological indicators trends:grain length,width,volume,and surface area were parabolic;thickness and sphericity were inverted parabolic;length-to-width ratio and specific surface area were irregular.The volume coefficient of grain at different parts of the ear,namely the relation coefficient between grain volume and grain length,width,and thickness,was determined.The average value of the middle grains morphological indicators of the ear was taken to select kernels representing stable characteristics of the variety.Within the range of 5%deviation from the morphological mean value of the middle grains of the ear,the grains in the middle part accounted for 26.39%of the total ear,about 10 grains extending from the 14th grain at the base of the ear to the top.Within the range of 10%deviation,the middle accounted for 47.22%,about 18 grains extending from the 12th grain at the base of the ear to the top.This study found that grain morphological indicators were greatly different at different positions of the maize ear,and showed different change rules as extend from the base to the top of the ear.Therefore,there were different grain volume coefficients at different positions of maize ear.And the representative sampling range on maize ear was determined based on the comprehensive analysis of different morphological indexes variation of grain.

Correction of PMT position effect for a lead-scintillating fiber electromagnetic calorimeter

The position effect of the photoelectron multiplier tube （PMT） of the electromagnetic calorimeter （ECAL） of Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 （AMS-02） has been studied with beam-test data. The reconstructed deposited energy in a layer versus incidence position in the cell can be described by Gaussian distribution, maximum and minimum value can be obtained when the particle passes across the center and the edge of a cell respectively. The distribution can be used to correct the effect of incidence position on energy reconstruction. Much better energy resolution was acquired be got with the correction, for 100 GeV electrons, energy resolution improved from 3% to 2%.

A Case Study of a Force-myography Controlled Bionic Hand Mitigating Limb Position Effect

Force Myography （FMG）, which monitors pressure or radial deformation of a limb, has recently been proposed as a po- tential alternative for naturally controlling bionic robotic prostheses. This paper presents an exploratory case study aimed at evaluating how FMG behaves when a person with amputation uses a hand prosthetic prototype. One volunteer （transradial amputation） participated in this study, which investigated two experimental cases： static and dynamic. The static case considered forearm muscle contractions in a fixed elbow and shoulder positions whereas the dynamic case included movements of the elbow and shoulder. When considering eleven different hand grips, static data showed an accuracy over 99%, and dynamic data over 86% （within-trial analysis）. The across-trial analysis, that takes into account multiple trials in the same data collection set, showed a meaningful accuracy respectively of 81% and 75% only for the reduced six grips setup. While further research is needed to increase these accuracies, the obtained results provided initial evidence that this technology could represent an in- teresting alternative that is worth exploring for controlling prosthesis.

Error induced by the estimation of the corneal power and the effective lens position with a rotationally asymmetric refractive multifocal intraocular lens

AIM : To evaluate the prediction error in intraocular lens(IOL) power calculation for a rotationally asymmetric refractive multifocal IOL and the impact on this error of the optimization of the keratometric estimation of the corneal power and the prediction of the effective lens position(ELP).METHODS: Retrospective study including a total of 25 eyes of 13 patients(age, 50 to 83y) with previous cataract surgery with implantation of the Lentis Mplus LS-312 IOL(Oculentis Gmb H, Germany). In all cases, an adjusted IOL power(P IOLadj) was calculated based on Gaussian optics using a variable keratometric index value(n kadj) for the estimation of the corneal power(P kadj) and on a new value for ELP(ELP adj) obtained by multiple regression analysis.This P IOLadj was compared with the IOL power implanted(P IOLReal) and the value proposed by three conventional formulas(Haigis, Hoffer Q and Holladay Ⅰ).RESULTS: P IOLReal was not significantly different than P IOLadj and Holladay IOL power(P 】0.05). In the Bland and Altman analysis, P IOLadj showed lower mean difference(-0.07 D) and limits of agreement(of 1.47 and-1.61 D)when compared to P IOLReal than the IOL power value obtained with the Holladay formula. Furthermore, ELP adj was significantly lower than ELP calculated with other conventional formulas(P 【0.01) and was found to be dependent on axial length, anterior chamber depth and P kadj. CONCLUSION: Refractive outcomes after cataract surgery with implantation of the multifocal IOL Lentis Mplus LS-312 can be optimized by minimizing thekeratometric error and by estimating ELP using a mathematical expression dependent on anatomical factors.

Dependence of epoch-wise two-way nested ANOVA estimates of variances of unmodeled effects present in relative GPS positioning on satellite elevation cutoff angle and PDOP mask

Impact of satellite elevation cutoff angle and position dilution of precision(PDOP)mask change on epoch-wise variance components of unmodeled effects that accompany relative Global Positioning System(GPS)positioning is presented herein.Data used for this study refer to the winter and summer periods of the years with minimal(2008)and maximal(2013)solar activity.These data were collected every 30 s in static mode,at two permanent GPS stations located in Montenegro,establishing a mediumdistance(116-km-long)baseline with a height difference of approximately 760 m between its endpoints.The study showed that changing satellite elevation cutoff angle,with a fixed PDOP mask,affects epochwise two-way nested ANOVA estimates of variances related to the‘far-field’multipath(considered as the nested factor herein)and the combined unmodeled effect of tropospheric and ionospheric refraction(considered as the nesting factor herein).However,changing of PDOP mask,with a fixed satellite elevation cutoff angle,doesn’t affect epoch-wise two-way nested ANOVA estimate of variance of the combined unmodeled effect of tropospheric and ionospheric refraction,but,generally,affects the estimate of variance of the‘far-field’multipath(possibly mixed with a part of a‘shorter-term’ionospheric refraction),which is especially pronounced for the summer period.It should also be noted that there is a significant influence of satellite elevation cutoff angle change on both epoch-wise horizontal and vertical position accuracy,only for the summer period,especially in the presence of maximal solar activity,while there is no significant impact of PDOP mask change on epoch-wise positional accuracy.

The Positive Effects of Physical Exercise on Mental Health Among Chinese Students Under Great Competitive Pressure

Under an environment full of competitive stress,students tend to form negative emotions,and the time for them to engage in physical exercise is greatly limited due to overwhelming academic tasks.Therefore,in this paper,we focus on acknowledging the purpose of physical exercise,and how physical exercise affects the mental health of students under stressful circumstances but not in the context of leisure.Questionnaire was distributed to participants with an average age of 20,to investigate their preference,frequency,and reason for exercising,and their attitude towards it.Our results showed that participants think that exercise can strengthen the body,relieve stress,improve fitness and interpersonal relationship regardless of their purpose such as interests,emotional necessity and even out of non-subjective ideas.In conclusion,physical exercise helped to improve students’mental health especially under great pressure and ultimately,it will enhance their academics and bring about the unity of mind and body.

Noticeable positive Doppler effect on optical bistability in an N-type active Raman gain atomic system

We theoretically investigate the Doppler effect on optical bistability in an N-type active Raman gain atomic system inside an optical ring cavity. It is shown that the Doppler effect can greatly enhance the dispersion and thus create the bistable behaviour or greatly increase the bistable region, which has been known as the positive Doppler effect on optical bistability. In addition, we find that a positive Doppler effect can change optical bistability from the hybrid dispersion-gain type to a dispersive type.

Effects of Ultraviolet(UV)Radiation on Outdoor-and Indoor-Cultured Prorocentrum lima,a Toxic Benthic Dinoflagellate

The effects of different types of ultraviolet(UV)radiation(UVR,wavelength=280-400 nm)and light intensities on cell growth,pigment composition,UV-absorbing compounds(UVACs),and chlorophyll a(Chl a)fluorescence were studied in dinoflag-ellate Prorocentrum lima cultured outdoors for 16 days and indoors for 18 days.In the outdoor experiment,UVA radiation(320-400 nm)increased the growth rate of this dinoflagellate when solar light intensities were<12%;decreased growth rates were observed when intensities were>12%.Exposure to UVB radiation(280-320 nm)alleviated the negative effects of UVA.In the indoor ex-periment,UVA and low doses of UVB enhanced growth rates.Addition of low doses of UVB to UVA exposure resulted in higher contents of Chl a and photoprotective pigments compared with UVA exposure only.The results of both experiments showed that UVB is the primary signal of UVAC synthesis.High-dose UVB exposure accelerated growth rates when UVAC contents were maintained at high levels,suggesting that the latter plays a key role in UVR damage protection.Furthermore,the repair rate was en-hanced by UVB exposure after 16 days of culture.This study confirms the positive effects of UVA and UVB on the growth of P.lima,with the latter enhancing the photoprotective and recovery pathways of the species.

EFFECT OF WEAK INTERACTIONS ON PHENOL ADSORPTION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY AMINATED POLYMERIC ADSORBENTS

Adsorption behaviors of phenol from aqueous solutions have been investigated in batch systems at 303 K and 318 K respectively, using hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent （CHA111）, aminated hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents （NDA101, NDA103, NDA105） and weakly basic polymeric adsorbent （D301） with a view to studying the effect of hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals interactions between adsorbate and the adsorbent. All adsorption isotherms can be well fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Compared with D301 driven by hydrogen bonding interaction only and CHA111 driven by Van der Waals interaction only, phenol adsorption on aminated adsorbents driven by both hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals interactions were apparently different, i.e., negative effect for NDA105, positive effect for NDA101 and synergistic effect for NDA103. In this synergistic action, some weak interactions would contribute more or less to the adsorption than they work individually.

PTC/NTC Behavior of PVDF Composites Filled with GF and CF

Conductive polyvinylidene fluoride（PVDF）matrix composites filled with graphited fiber（GF）or carbon fiber（CF）were prepared by the melt-mixing method.The breakage and length distribution of the fibers in the polymer matrix were studied by scanning electron microscope（SEM）and optical microscope（OM）observations,respectively. The differences in the positive temperature coefficient（PTC）effects of the composites were mainly attributed to inter-fiber contact ability.The elimination of the negative temperature coefficient（NTC）effect for CF/PVDF composite was because of an increase in the viscosity of the polymer matrix.With the same filler content,CF could be more effective,to eliminate the NTC effect when compared with GF.Addition of 2%CF（mass fraction）in the PVDF composite with 7%GF（mass fraction）could effectively eliminate the NTC phenomenon of the composite.

Resistivity-Temperature Behavior of CB-Filled HDPE Foaming Composites

High-density polyethylene/carbon black foaming conductive composites were prepared from acetylene black（ACEY） and super conductive carbon black（HG-1P） as conductive filler, low-density polyethylene（LDPE） as the second component, ethylene-vinyl acetate（EVA） and ethylene propylene rubber（EPR） as the third component, azobisformamide（AC） as foamer, and dicumyl peroxide（DCP） as cross-linker. The structure and resistivity-temperature behavior of high-density polyethylene（HDPE）/CB foaming conductive composites were investigated. Influences of carbon black, LDPE, EVA, EPR, AC, and DCP on the foaming performance and resistivity-temperature behavior of HDPE/CB foaming conductive composites were also studied. The results reveal that HDPE/CB foaming conductive composite exhibits better switching characteristic; ACET-filled HDPE foaming conductive composite displays better positive temperature coefficient（PYC） effect; whereas super conductive carbon black（HG-1P）-filled HDPE foaming conductive composite shows better negative temperature coefficient（NTC） effect.

Impact of multipath effects on theoretical accuracy of TOA-based indoor VLC positioning system

This paper discusses the time-of-arrival(TOA) based indoor visible light communication(VLC) positioning system in a non-line-of-sight environment. The propagation delay is assumed to be gamma distributed. The generalized Cramer–Rao lower bound for multipath propagation is derived as the theoretical accuracy limitation. The performance of the positioning system is affected by the shape parameter and the scale parameter of gamma distribution.The influences on positioning accuracy of multipath effects are analyzed through discussing the physical meaning of the gamma distribution parameters. It is concluded that the lower bound of positioning accuracy is attained when variance of the non-line-of-sight propagation-induced path lengths is zero. The simulation result provesthat the theoretical positioning accuracy is in the order of centimeters with the given scenario.

Exploration and development of China's large-scale blast furance

Large-scale BF is the tendency of domestic and foreign Iron-making technology.Due to the limit of resource,technology and equipment,we can not reach the planned goal after putting the big BF into production,it is of great significance to explore the key technologies again for the sound development of the large-scale BF.The paper highlights the unique advantages of large-scale BF and the practical performance of BFs in Baosteel,and explores the related parameter choice,comprehensively matched longevity technology optimization and tapping-stability improvement in terms of structure-design,longevity and equipments etc.The author stresses BF centered basic working regulation,hoping it can exert positive effect on the scientific development of large scale BF in China.

Dispersion of Polyacenic Semiconductor(PAS) in Polyethylene: Molecular Dynamics Simulation

The dispersing process of polyacenic semiconductor(PAS) in polyethylene(PE) was simulated by using molecular dynamics(MD) methods. The results show that this process can be divided into three stages. In the first stage, PAS particles in the crystal region of PE are expelled to the amorphous region; in the second stage, PAS particles aggregate due to small surface areas and PE chains are adjusted continuously, which makes the crystal region complete; PAS particles are separated from each other and the total energy increases in the third stage. During the whole dispersing process, PAS particles are more stable in the amorphous region than in the crystal region. All the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

The effect of drug position on the properties of paclitaxel-conjugated gold nanoparticles for liver tumor treatment

Structure-efficacy effect of small molecular drug attracts wide attentions,but it has always been ignored in nanomedicine research.To reveal the efficacy modulation of nanomedicine,we developed a new type of paclitaxel(PTX)-conjugated gold nanoparticles(PTX-co njugated GNPs)to investigate the influence of drug position in controlling their in vitro properties and in vivo performance.Two therapeutic ligands(TA-PEG-NH-N=PTX and TA-PTX=N-NH-PEG)were synthesized to conjugate PTX on the surface of GNPs at different positions,locating on the surface of gold conjugate and inserting between GNPs and polyethylene glycol(PEG,molecular weight 1000 Da),respectively.It was found that PEG-PTX@GNPs with PTX located between GNP and PEG exhibited higher aqueous solubility,biocompatibility,and stability.In addition,an acid sensitive hydrazone bond has been inserted between PTX and PEG in both ligands for drug release of PTX and PTX-PEG segment,respectively,at the tumor site.Further release of PTX from PTX-PEG segment is based on the esterase hydrolysis of an ester bond between PTX and PEG.This two-step drug release mechanism offers PEG-PTX@GNPs effective and sustained release behavior for desirable anticancer activity,enhanced therapeutic efficacy,and lower systematic toxicity in Hepsbearing animal models.

Effects of the slot width and angular position on the mode splitting in slotted optical microdisk resonator

A novel slotted optical microdisk resonator, which significantly enhances light–matter interaction and provides a promising approach for increasing the sensitivity of sensors, is theoretically and numerically investigated. In this slotted resonator, the mode splitting is generated due to reflection of the slot. Remarkably, effects of the slot width and angular position on the mode splitting are mainly studied. The results reveal that the mode splitting is a second function of the slot width, and the maximum mode splitting induced by the slot deformation is achieved with 2.7853 × 10~9Hz∕nm. Therefore, the slotted resonator is an excellent candidate for pressure and force sensing. Besides, the influence of the slot angular position on the mode splitting is a cosine curve with the highest sensitivity of 1.23 × 10^(11)Hz∕deg; thus, the optical characteristic demonstrates that the slotted resonator can be used for inertial measurements.

A numerical simulation study on the evolutionary characteristics of the damage process of karst soil cavity under positive pressure effect

Positive pressure effect is the result of rapid urban development in recent years,which leads to over-exploitation of karst groundwater,coupled with the emergence of extreme weather(such as heavy rainfall,the increase in the duration of heavy rainfall),leading to the sharp rise of karst water level,the gas in the karst cavity can not be discharged in time to form a high positive pressure in the soil cavity and promote the destruction of the soil layer,which then induces a series of phenomena,such as karst subsidence.As a new collapse mechanism,the positive pressure effect causes geological disasters that seriously affect the safety of people's lives and properties in karst regions.In order to study the damage characteristics and evolution characteristics of karst soil cavities under positive pressure effect,this study is based on the ASCII text provided by FLAC itself,and the orthotropic simulation computation compilation program,which realizes the finite element analysis in FLAC3D,and focuses on the inhomogeneous change of soil displacement,redistribution of stresses,and plastic damage of karst soil cavities in different evolution stages under the action of positive pressure,and summarizes the characteristics and laws of stress,strain and damage in plastic zone of karst soil cave at different stages of evolution.The results will play a positive role in further investigating the potential mechanical effects,development mechanism and critical warning conditions during the evolution of covered karst soil caves,and also have important scientific research value in deepening the theory of prevention and control of collapse disasters in covered karst soil caves.