Coping with the Impact of Climate Change: A Dive into Precision Agriculture in the United States

With the continued increase in the number of people that are food insecure globally, which could be increasing because of the ongoing Ukraine-Russia war, leading to reduction in international agribusinesses, coupled with drastic climate change exacerbating the problem of food insecurity, there is a constant need to come up with innovative approaches to solve this global issue. In this article, we articulated how precision agriculture can be a tool for ensuring food security in the United States. This study aims to reiterate the significance of precision agriculture in solving global food insecurity.

Finite Element Analysis of soft Foundation Strengthening by Vacuum Loading from Lower Position

Strengthening soft foundation by vacuum loading from lower position is a new method of accelerating the consolidation of dredger fill. This paper presents the mechanism of soft foundation strengthening by vacuum loading from lower position and evaluates the effectiveness of this method under various boundary conditions by means of finite element method (FEM) on the basis of Biot's consolidation theory.

Health risk assessment of trace metal(loid)s in agricultural soils based on Monte Carlo simulation coupled with positive matrix factorization model in Chongqing, southwest China

This study aimed to investigate the pollution characteristics, source apportionment, and health risks associated with trace metal(loid)s(TMs) in the major agricultural producing areas in Chongqing, China. We analyzed the source apportionment and assessed the health risk of TMs in agricultural soils by using positive matrix factorization(PMF) model and health risk assessment(HRA) model based on Monte Carlo simulation. Meanwhile, we combined PMF and HRA models to explore the health risks of TMs in agricultural soils by different pollution sources to determine the priority control factors. Results showed that the average contents of cadmium(Cd), arsenic (As), lead(Pb), chromium(Cr), copper(Cu), nickel(Ni), and zinc(Zn) in the soil were found to be 0.26, 5.93, 27.14, 61.32, 23.81, 32.45, and 78.65 mg/kg, respectively. Spatial analysis and source apportionment analysis revealed that urban and industrial sources, agricultural sources, and natural sources accounted for 33.0%, 27.7%, and 39.3% of TM accumulation in the soil, respectively. In the HRA model based on Monte Carlo simulation, noncarcinogenic risks were deemed negligible(hazard index <1), the carcinogenic risks were at acceptable level(10^(-6)<total carcinogenic risk ≤ 10^(-4)), with higher risks observed for children compared to adults. The relationship between TMs, their sources, and health risks indicated that urban and industrial sources were primarily associated with As, contributing to 75.1% of carcinogenic risks and 55.7% of non-carcinogenic risks, making them the primary control factors. Meanwhile, agricultural sources were primarily linked to Cd and Pb, contributing to 13.1% of carcinogenic risks and 21.8% of non-carcinogenic risks, designating them as secondary control factors.

Evaluating the Impacts of Food Safety Policies on Japan's Rice Imports Based on the Simultaneous Buy and Sell System

This study evaluated the impacts of food safety policies on Japan's Simultaneous Buy and Sell rice imports through measuring tariff equivalents of food safety policies.In order to construct an estimated model,a Japanese consumer's utility function is introduced and developed with consumer's preference parameters and elasticity of substitution.In the empirical study part,Japan's positive list system and rice traceability were analyzed and assessed as critical food safety policies.Results showed that after the implementation of the positive list system,consumers'preference for foreign rice and the substitution elasticity diminished.This decreasing tendency was quite similar to the results after the enforcement of rice traceability.The tariff equivalents of food safety policies on imported rice fluctuated around ¥50 yen/kg from fiscal year 2000 to 2005 and decreased because of the global grain price hike after 2006.The tariff equivalents soared in 2010,which was induced by the traceability regulation,and then dulled during Japan's earthquake and tsunami in 2011.Subsequently,after the recovery from natural disasters,the tariff equivalents of food safety policies became higher.Therefore,food safety policies had made imported rice less attractive,weakened the competitive power of rice exporting countries,and had statistically significant impacts on Japan's rice importation.

Study on the Impacts of Japanese Positive List System on the Chinese Frozen Vegetable Exportation

This paper mainly studies the Japanese policy, especially the Positive List System and Health Quarantine System, on the Chinese agricultural products exports, taking the frozen vegetable for example. The authors carry out studies on the related polices, consider the non-policy factors, making comparative analysis among the three countries: China, the USA and Thailand, utilizing trade gravity model. Finally the authors present suggestions to the breaking of the trade barriers.

Means-End Chain Based Brand Positioning Strategy for Lin'an Carya Cathayensis Sarg

Based on the theory of Means-End Chain,this paper surveyed value cognition structure of 36 member consumers through the laddering interview. According to the survey,it made an in-depth analysis on brand positioning strategy for Lin'an Carya Cathayensis Sarg,and obtained the existing brand operating model. It is hoped to explore effective strategy of brand positioning for agricultural product enterprises in Zhejiang Province,and accordingly lift core competitiveness of agricultural products of Zhejiang Province.

养殖RFID测温定位电子耳标研究——基于智慧农业区块链

首先,介绍了区块链和物联网技术在智慧农业应用的概念;然后,基于结构、温度传感器、RSSI定位和天线等多个模块实现了对测温定位电子耳标的设计;最后,为了验证该RFID测温定位电子耳标的性能,设计了一套放养羊群的养殖信息监测系统,对每只羊的实际位置和体温进行监测。测试结果表明:系统可以准确测量山羊的体温和位置,响应快,稳定性高,符合设计需求。

Comfort evaluation and position parameter optimization of the steering wheel in agricultural machinery based on a three-level evaluation index system

The aim of this study is to evaluate the comfort and optimize the position parameters of steering wheel.Taking the H point of driver as the reference point,three position parameters of steering wheel were determined,which were used as experimental factors.A comprehensive evaluation index system of the comfort was established.The comfort range and optimal levels of three parameters were determined by a single factor test,based on which a response surface optimization and validation test was carried out.The optimization and validation test results show that the expected comprehensive score of the comfort is 0.864,and the average relative error between the predicted and the measured value is 4.18%,indicating that the optimization results are reliable.The findings can provide reference for the comfort optimization design of steering wheel in agricultural devices.

Detection of the foreign object positions in agricultural soils using Mask-RCNN

Objects in agricultural soils will seriously affect the farming operations of agricultural machinery.At present,it still relies on human experience to judge abnormal Gounrd-penetrting Radar(GPR)signals.It is difficult for traditional image processing technology to form a general positioning method for the randomness and diversity characteristics of GPR signals in soil.Although many scholars had researched a variety of image-processing techniques,most methods lack robustness.In this study,the deep learning algorithm Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network(Mask-RCNN)and a geometric model were combined to improve the GPR positioning accuracy.First,a soil stratification experiment was set to classify the physical parameters of the soil and study the attenuation law of electromagnetic waves.Secondly,a SOIL-GPR geometric model was proposed,which can be combined with Mask-RCNN's MASK geometric size to predict object sizes.The results proved the effectiveness and accuracy of the model for position detection and evaluation of objects in soils;then,the improved Mask RCNN method was used to compare the feature extraction accuracy of U-Net and Fully Convolutional Networks(FCN);Finally,the operating speed of agricultural machinery was simulated and designed the A-B survey line experiment.The detection accuracy was evaluated by several indicators,such as the survey line direction,soil depth false alarm rate,Mean Average Precision(mAP),and Intersection over Union(IoU).The results showed that pixel-level segmentation and positioning based on Mask RCNN can improve the accuracy of the position detection of objects in agricultural soil effectively,and the average error of depth prediction is 2.87 cm.The results showed that the detection technology proposed in this study integrates the advantage of soil environmental parameters,geometric models,and artificial intelligence algorithms to provide a high-precision and technical solution for the GPR non-destructive detection of soils.

Can a Michelson-Morley Experiment Designed with Current Solar Velocity Distinguish between Non-Relativistic and Relativistic Theories?

If Michelson were to answer the question posed in the title, given the line of reasoning he used in 1881, Michelson would seat at his desktop computer to calculate the expected fringeshifts for several solar speeds around 400 km/s and various directions of motion. Present author did exactly the same in 2001 to plan his repetition of Michelson and Morley’s (MM) 1887 experiment. The paper sketchedly summarizes the procedure to calculate expected fringeshifts in the MM interferometer for solar speeds available at Miller’s epoch. In a pre-relativistic context, amplitudes of several fringeshifts may be expected in both MM and Miller experiments. However, all interferometer experiments up to 1930 were designed under the (incorrect from a modern viewpoint) assumption that fringeshifts would be smaller than one fringe-width. The inescapable conclusion is that those experiments were not appropriate to measure the true value of solar motion, always yielding a small, but lower than expected, value for solar speed. The ensuing “negative” interpretation led to the birth of relativity theory and to a new series of experiments implicitly designed to test the relativistic hypothesis of length-contraction, while the earlier “positive” experiments were designed to test a different hypothesis: whether the motion of Earth relative to some preferred frame can be measured using an interferometer of constant dimensions. With the benefit of hindsight this writer repeated the MM experiment, correcting main weaknesses identified up to the Michelson-Morley-Miller (MMM) measurements at Mount Wilson from April 1925 to February 1926. A new possible reinterpretation of the MMM data as a sequence of stationary measurements is pointed out. Our Michelson-Morley-Miller-Munera (MMMM) experiment at Bogota (Colombia) from January 2003 to June 2005 gave values for solar absolute velocity in the same range as those obtained by astronomical means. Surprisingly, our results are compatible with modern third-party MM-type experiments designed and interpreted within relativistic contexts. Thus, a so far unexplored possibility arises: can interferometric experiments distinguish between pre-relativistic and relativistic theories? Our answer is negative.

东北率先实现农业现代化的优势、困境及路径

习近平总书记在东北多次提出“率先实现农业现代化”的重要论断。农业现代化是随着生产力与生产关系变革,农业在供给保障、科技装备、经营体系、产业韧性和竞争能力五大方面不断向前、可持续发展的动态历史过程,而“率先实现农业现代化”则意味着一个地区在这五大方面具有深厚的现实基础并发挥重要引领性作用。东北地区作为我国重要商品粮基地,率先实现农业现代化具有重大战略意义和发展潜力,但目前也存在着亟待解决的问题,优势与困境并存。在新一轮东北振兴背景下,东北地区必须牢牢把握在国家发展大局中的战略定位,立足农业发展优势,着力解决现实困境,探索现代化大农业发展之路,担负起建设农业强国的历史使命。

深水薄覆盖层区大型双壁钢围堰施工技术

以长沙香炉洲大桥索塔墩基础施工为依托,综合考虑桥址区的地质、水文、沿岸地形地貌、吊装能力等因素,对双壁钢围堰制造、下水、浮运、精确定位、着床等施工关键技术进行研究,提出竖向分节、水平成环接高、整体浮运、平台拉锚系统精确定位大型钢围堰施工工艺。工程实践证明,提出的深水薄覆盖层场域钢围堰精确定位施工成套技术是成功的,可为类似工程提供参考。

积极治理与共同缔造:筑牢基层基础的实践表达和机制创新

筑牢基层基础是中国式现代化的应有之义,也是治理有效的重要保障。基层治理创新行为表明,积极治理和共同缔造能够驱动基层治理创新、提升治理效能,进而筑牢基层基础。积极治理重视党和政府为社会赋能,强化多元主体的回应性并实现治理主体集成,从而动态调适治理体系以提高善治能力。共同缔造注重执政党、政府和社会之间的多维互动联动,有助于治理能力集成,基于共建共治共享形成闭环式治理体系,进而推动基层治理现代化。积极治理与共同缔造互为支撑、相互促进。它们通过立体化党建赋能和全过程协同治理,推动治理主体和能力的双重集成,彰显党领共治积极作用和集成式治理的实践逻辑,进而将党建势能和制度优势更好地转化为筑牢基层基础的治理效能。

乡村振兴战略下高职农业院校的角色定位探究

乡村振兴是解决“三农”问题的总抓手,而高职农业院校的办学宗旨是服务“三农”,因此,高职农业院校在乡村振兴战略的实施过程中具有非常重要的作用。从乡村振兴的内容方面看,农业高职院校是乡村产业兴旺的贡献者,是乡村生态宜居的建设者,是乡村乡风文明的发扬者,是乡村有效治理的参与者,是乡村生活富裕的助力者。高职农业院校首先要明确自己的定位和角色,才能更好地服务于乡村振兴战略。

论“五四宪法”的地位和作用:纪念“五四宪法”颁布70周年

“五四宪法”是中华人民共和国第一部宪法,对中国特色社会主义治国理政制度体系的确立和中国特色社会主义宪法的形成和发展具有奠基性意义。“五四宪法”既构建起国家基本制度体系、国家组织机构体系、公民基本权利义务体系,实现了中华人民共和国国家建构的任务,又奠定了中华人民共和国宪法发展的民主基础、法理基础和观念基础,是中华人民共和国宪法的基石。尽管“五四宪法”由于特殊历史原因而未能得到全面贯彻实施,但其深刻的历史教训仍为改革开放后进一步完善宪法制度,加强宪法治理提供了极宝贵的经验。我们纪念“五四宪法”就是要更加认真地对待宪法,全面准确认识其历史地位、作用和意义,继承和弘扬其中的宪法原则、宪法精神和宪法智慧,更好地发挥宪法在治国理政中的重要作用。

基于机器视觉的菠萝自动去眼方法与试验

菠萝加工过程中的去眼作业目前主要依赖人工手动操作,劳动成本高且作业效率低。为实现自动化菠萝去眼作业,该研究运用YOLOv5目标检测算法对菠萝眼进行快速识别,将所有角度相差90o的两张图片作为一组进行立体匹配分析以获取菠萝眼的三维位置信息。通过旋转菠萝和轴向移动去眼刀具将专用去眼刀具依次对准每一个菠萝眼并快速去除。试验结果表明:YOLOv5目标检测算法对菠萝眼识别效果良好,验证集的准确率、召回率和平均精度均值均高于96%;菠萝眼实际中心与探针刺入位置的平均误差为1.01 mm,最大误差为2.17 mm,均方根误差为1.09 mm;菠萝眼的完全去除率为89.5%、不完全去除率为6.2%,漏检率为4.3%,单个菠萝去眼时间为110.9 s,基本满足自动化去眼作业需要。研究结果可为菠萝自动去眼机研发提供技术参考。

基于无源超高频RFID的农产品包装智能定位方法

射频识别(radio frequency identification,RFID)技术为工业物联网(industrial internet of things)带来了巨大的进步,作为实现智能仓储的关键技术之一,广泛应用于库存管理和智能定位等场景,然而现有的绝对/相对定位方法易受仓储环境、包装材料、货架材质等因素影响。为了进一步提升室内定位精度,该研究提出了一种基于接收信号强度指示器(receive signal strength indicator,RSSI)和测量相位融合的无源RFID定位方法(RFID positioning based on received signal strength indicator and phase measurement,RP-RaP)。首先,使用MATLAB软件进行仿真模拟,在已知测量相位统计学分布的前提下,采用最大似然估计法对标签进行水平定位,同时基于双天线阅读器所测得的RSSI差值对标签进行垂直定位,实现了无源超高频RFID标签的水平和垂直定位仿真。其次,以农产品包装场景为例,在仓库中搭建射频定位测试系统,通过滑轨搭载射频阅读器及天线,对货架物品上的贴附标签进行水平和垂直定位分析,最后将无源标签分别贴附于金属盒、油桶、纸箱、面粉袋和大米袋,并以未贴附标签的测量结果作为对比。试验结果表明,与传统的室内定位算法LANDMARC相比,RP-RaP定位精度明显提升,平均水平和垂直定位精度分别达到94.6%和94.3%,基于接收信号强度指示器和测量相位融合的定位方法有效提升了农产品包装定位精度。研究结果可为大型农产品仓储智能化管理与应用提供参考。

非法占用农用地罪“改变被占用土地用途”的刑法教义学认定

保护农用地使用的合法权益对农业高质量发展具有重要意义。但对非法占用农用地罪的关键入罪要素——“改变被占用土地用途”的准确认定却还存在诸多争议,主要表现在土地性质的认定存在双重标准、“改变行为”的界定不清以及“非法占用”与“改变用途”之间的关系厘定不明。积极刑法观的提出对该罪的认定具有积极地指导作用。在积极刑法观理念下,应坚持生态法益原则,厘清“改变行为”的界限,明确“非法占用”与“改变用途”的关系,并坚持以规划地类为标准确定土地性质,准确认定本罪之“改变被占用土地用途”,以有效地预防农用地犯罪,为实现“美丽中国”的宏伟目标提供坚实的法治保障。

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的农机路径跟踪控制算法研究

智能农机的路径跟踪精度受田地地形、农机结构等多因素的影响,会导致压坏滴灌带等严重后果。以棉花播种机为研究对象,提出一种由Stanley跟踪算法和线性二次最优控制(LQR)算法组成的切换式跟踪算法,引导农机快速入线和保持直线精度;另外为消除静态横向误差,加入针对航向角误差的扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)。仿真结果显示,切换式跟踪算法在进入目标直线后可有效消除静态横向误差。实车试验结果表明,当给定初始横向误差为0.5 m,速度为3.6 km/h时,入线时间为6.88 s,超调量为0.041 m;当给定初始横向误差为0 m,速度为3.6 km/h时,直线跟踪精度控制在±0.025 m范围内,满足实际农机高精度的直线作业要求,表明该算法具有良好的跟踪精度和抗干扰能力,有利于提升农业生产效率。

基坑爆破开挖爆点位置与基坑高度对爆破振动影响研究

针对基坑爆破振动预测不准确的问题,该文采用有限元模拟软件,深入研究基坑爆破开挖时爆点位置和基坑高度对振动的影响。首先,基于妈湾跨海隧道基坑爆破开挖工程进行数值模拟,验证模型的适用性;随后在保持爆心距不变的情况下,通过调整基坑爆破点到基坑边缘的距离和基坑的高度,研究这两个因素对地表振动的影响。研究结果表明:随着爆破点到基坑边缘的距离增加,相应距离测点的振动速度逐渐减小;基坑高度越高,相应距离测点的振动速度越大;基坑高度对地表振速的影响要大于爆点位置的影响。研究成果能为基坑爆破的振动预测提供一定参考,具有工程实际意义。