The temporal and spatial variation of positive degree-day factors on the Koxkar Glacier over the south slope of the Tianshan Mountains, China, from 2005 to 2010

The degree-day model is one important method to estimate glacier melt, which is based on the specific relationship between glacial melting and the sum of daily mean temperatures above the melting point. According to the observation data on the Koxkar Glacier(KG) from 2005 to 2010, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variation of degree-day factors(DDF) and its influential factors. The results indicate that the average value of DDF was 7.2~10.4 mm/(°C·d) on the KG from 2005 to 2010. It showed a decreasing trend between 3,700 m and 4,200 m, and the deceasing trend was more obvious in the upper part of the KG. On a spatial scale, the DDF increased evidently with increasing altitude. The DDF ranged from3.6 to 9.3 mm/(°C·d) at 3,700 m a.s.l., with the average value of 9.3 mm/(°C·d). It varied from 6.9 to 13.0 mm/(°C·d) at4,000 m a.s.l., with the average value of 10.2 mm/(°C·d). During the period of ablation, the fluctuation of DDF was not significant at the lower altitude(3,700 m a.s.l.), but it decreased at the higher altitudes(4,000 m a.s.l. and 4,200 m a.s.l.).The debris changes the transmission of heat, which accelerates the melting of a glacier; and the DDF showed high value.This paper will provide the reference for temporal–spatial parameterization schemes of DDF on Tuomuer glaciers of the Tianshan Mountains.

Health risk assessment of trace metal(loid)s in agricultural soils based on Monte Carlo simulation coupled with positive matrix factorization model in Chongqing, southwest China

This study aimed to investigate the pollution characteristics, source apportionment, and health risks associated with trace metal(loid)s(TMs) in the major agricultural producing areas in Chongqing, China. We analyzed the source apportionment and assessed the health risk of TMs in agricultural soils by using positive matrix factorization(PMF) model and health risk assessment(HRA) model based on Monte Carlo simulation. Meanwhile, we combined PMF and HRA models to explore the health risks of TMs in agricultural soils by different pollution sources to determine the priority control factors. Results showed that the average contents of cadmium(Cd), arsenic (As), lead(Pb), chromium(Cr), copper(Cu), nickel(Ni), and zinc(Zn) in the soil were found to be 0.26, 5.93, 27.14, 61.32, 23.81, 32.45, and 78.65 mg/kg, respectively. Spatial analysis and source apportionment analysis revealed that urban and industrial sources, agricultural sources, and natural sources accounted for 33.0%, 27.7%, and 39.3% of TM accumulation in the soil, respectively. In the HRA model based on Monte Carlo simulation, noncarcinogenic risks were deemed negligible(hazard index <1), the carcinogenic risks were at acceptable level(10^(-6)<total carcinogenic risk ≤ 10^(-4)), with higher risks observed for children compared to adults. The relationship between TMs, their sources, and health risks indicated that urban and industrial sources were primarily associated with As, contributing to 75.1% of carcinogenic risks and 55.7% of non-carcinogenic risks, making them the primary control factors. Meanwhile, agricultural sources were primarily linked to Cd and Pb, contributing to 13.1% of carcinogenic risks and 21.8% of non-carcinogenic risks, designating them as secondary control factors.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive breast cancer

The body of evidence investigating human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER2)directed therapy in patients with breast cancer(BC)has been growing within the last decade.Recently,the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)has been of particular interest in the treatment of human malignancies.This literature commentary is intended to highlight the most recent findings associated with the widely-studied TKI agents and their clinical significance in improving the outcomes of HER2 positive BC.

Different distributions of interstitial cells of Cajal and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α positive cells in colonic smooth muscle cell/interstitial cell of Cajal/plateletderived growth factor receptor-α positive cell syncytium in mice

AIM To investigate the distribution and function of interstitialcells of Cajal(ICCs) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α positive(PDGFRα+) cells in the proximal and distal colon.METHODS The comparison of colonic transit in the proximal and distal ends was performed by colonic migrating motor complexes(CMMCs). The tension of the colonic smooth muscle was examined by smooth muscle spontaneous contractile experiments with both ends of the smooth muscle strip tied with a silk thread. Intracellular recordings were used to assess electrical field stimulation(EFS)-induced inhibitory junction potentials(IJP) on the colonic smooth muscle. Western blot analysis was used to examine the expression levels of ICCs and PDGFRα in the colonic smooth muscle.RESULTS Treatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride(L-NAME) significantly increased the CMMC frequency and spontaneous contractions, especially in the proximal colon, while treatment with MRS2500 increased only distal CMMC activity and smooth muscle contractions. Both CMMCs and spontaneous contractions were markedly inhibited by NPPB, especially in the proximal colon. Accordingly, CyPPA sharply inhibited the distal contraction of both CMMCs and spontaneous contractions. Additionally, the amplitude of stimulationinduced nitric oxide(NO)/ICC-dependent slow IJPs(sIJPs) by intracellular recordings from the smooth muscles in the proximal colon was larger than that in the distal colon, while the amplitude of electric field stimulationinduced purinergic/PDGFRα-dependent fast IJPs(fIJPs) in the distal colon was larger than that in the proximal colon. Consistently, protein expression levels of c-Kit and anoctamin-1(ANO1) in the proximal colon were much higher, while protein expression levels of PDGFRα and small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel 3(SK3) in the distal colon were much higher.CONCLUSION The ICCs are mainly distributed in the proximal colon and there are more PDGFRα+ cells are in the distal colon, which generates a pressure gradient between the two ends of the colon to propel the feces to the anus.

Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor and danshen on bcl-2 and p53 mRNA expression in the brain of rats exposed to repeated, high, positive acceleration (+Gz)

BACKGROUND： Both animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） and danshen （Salvia miltiorrhiza） can exhibit protective effects on ischemia-reperfusion cerebral injury. OBJECTIVE： To test whether bFGF and danshen can protect cerebral injury induced by exposure to repeated, high, positive acceleration （＋Gz） in an animal model and to analyze the possible mechanisms. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized controlled animal study. The experiment was performed at the Research Center for Molecular Biology, Air-force General Hospital of Chinese PLA from April to August 2000. MATERIALS： A total of 20 clean grade, healthy, Sprague Dawley rats of both genders, weighing （200 ± 15） g, were provided by our experimental animal center. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups： the control group, ＋Gz exposure group, bFGF group, danshen group, and saline group, with 4 animals per group. bFGF （Beijing Bailuyuan Biotechnology Co. Ltd.） and danshen solution （Shanghai Zhongxi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.） were used. METHODS： All rats were fixed on a rotary arm of a centrifugal apparatus （2 m in radius） with their heads oriented towards the center of the apparatus. Except for rats in the control group, the value of ＋Gz exposure was ＋14 Gz with an acceleration rate of 1.5 G/s. The peak force lasted for 45 seconds. ＋Gz exposure was performed three times with intervals of 30 minutes. Rats in the control group received the same ＋Gz procedure, but the G value was ＋1 Gz. Rats in bFGF group and danshen group were intraperitoneally injected with 100 μg/kg bFGF or 15 g/kg danshen solution, respectively, at 30 minutes prior to centrifugation and immediately after centrifugation. Rats in saline group were injected with the same volume of saline. Six hours after exposure, rats were decapitated. One hemisphere was preserved in liquid nitrogen for RNA extraction and the other was processed for apoptosis detection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： mRNA levels of bcl-2 and p53 were measured by semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Apoptotic cell death was detected by terminal deoxynuleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling. RESULTS： Changes in mRNA expression of bcl-2 and p53 and apoptotic cells were observed in rat brain six hours after repeated ＋Gz exposures, bFGF and danshen were able block the changes of bcl-2 and p53 expression and inhibit apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSION： The data suggest that apoptosis and changes in bcl-2 and p53 expression in the rat brain can be induced by repeated ＋Gz exposures. Apoptosis is, therefore, one of the molecular mechanisms of brain damage induced by repeated ＋Gz exposures, bFGF and danshen were of the equal potency in preventing brain injury induced by repeated ＋Gz exposures.

Navigating breast cancer brain metastasis:Risk factors,prognostic indicators,and treatment perspectives

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Chen et al.We specifically focus on the risk factors,prognostic factors,and management of brain metastasis(BM)in breast cancer(BC).BC is the second most common cancer to have BM after lung cancer.Independent risk factors for BM in BC are:HER-2 positive BC,triplenegative BC,and germline BRCA mutation.Other factors associated with BM are lung metastasis,age less than 40 years,and African and American ancestry.Even though risk factors associated with BM in BC are elucidated,there is a lack of data on predictive models for BM in BC.Few studies have been made to formulate predictive models or nomograms to address this issue,where age,grade of tumor,HER-2 receptor status,and number of metastatic sites(1 vs>1)were predictive of BM in metastatic BC.However,none have been used in clinical practice.National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends screening of BM in advanced BC only when the patient is symptomatic or suspicious of central nervous system symptoms;routine screening for BM in BC is not recommended in the guidelines.BM decreases the quality of life and will have a significant psychological impact.Further studies are required for designing validated nomograms or predictive models for BM in BC;these models can be used in the future to develop treatment approaches to prevent BM,which improves the quality of life and overall survival.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive rates in invasive lobular breast carcinoma: The Singapore experience

BACKGROUND Invasive lobular carcinomas(ILC)form 5%-10%of breast cancer and rarely show overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2).AIM To describe the prevalence and prognostic factors of HER2 positive(HER2+)ILC in an Asian population.METHODS A retrospective review of patients with ILC seen between January 1985 and March 2018 at various SingHealth medical institutions was conducted.Demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records.We examined clinicopathological characteristics and survival in relation to HER2 status.RESULTS A total of 864 patients were included.Prevalence of HER2 positivity was 10.1%(87 patients).Compared with HER2 negative(HER2-)ILC,HER2+ILC was associated with a higher proportion of estrogen receptor negative(24.4%vs 5.9%,P<0.001),progesterone receptor negative(PR-)(40.2%vs 24%,P=0.002)and grade 3 tumours(Grade 3,29.0%vs 10.2%,P<0.001).Overall survival rate was poorer in patients with HER2+compared to HER2-ILC(56.7%vs 72.9%alive at 10 years;hazard ratio 1.87,95%confidence interval:1.21-2.90,P=0.004).Based on multivariate analysis,negative prognostic factors for overall survival included HER2 positivity,PR negativity,older age,Indian ethnicity and higher tumour stage.CONCLUSION Prevalence of HER2+ILC was 10.1%.HER2+ILC was more likely to have poorer prognostic features such as estrogen receptor negative,PR-and higher tumour grade,and have a poorer survival.

Electron G-Factor Anomaly and the Charge Thickness

The electron g-factor relates the magnetic moment to the spin angular momentum. It was originally theoretically calculated to have a value of exactly 2. Experiments yielded a value of 2 plus a very small fraction, referred to as the g-factor anomaly. This anomaly has been calculated theoretically as a power series of the fine structure constant. This document shows that the anomaly is the result of the electron charge thickness. If the thickness were to be zero, g = 2 exactly, and there would be no anomaly. As the thickness increases, the anomaly increases. An equation relating the g-factor and the surface charge thickness is presented. The thickness is calculated to be 0.23% of the electron radius. The cause of the anomaly is very clear, but why is the charge thickness greater than zero? Using the model of the interior structure of the electron previously proposed by the author, it is shown that the non-zero thickness, and thus the g-factor anomaly, are due to the proposed positive charge at the electron center and compressibility of the electron material. The author’s previous publication proposes a theory for splitting the electron into three equal charges when subjected to a strong external magnetic field. That theory is revised in this document, and the result is an error reduced to 0.4% in the polar angle where the splits occur and a reduced magnetic field required to cause the splits.

Logistic Regression Analysis of the Influencing Factors of Cryptogenic Stroke with Positive c-TCD

Objective:To explore the influencing factors and logistic regression characteristics of cryptogenic stroke in patients with positive transcranial doppler bubble test(c-TCD).Methods:A total of 134 cases of cryptogenic stroke that were diagnosed by Tianshui First People's Hospital from November 2018 to April 2020 were selected according to the TOAST(Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment)classification criteria.According to c-TCD results,there were 70 cases of right to left shunt that were included in the positive group and 64 cases without right to left shunt in the negative group.Gender,age,smoking,diabetes,hypertension,and factors affecting the positive rate of foam were analyzed.According to the abnormal embolism scale scores,logistic regression equation was used to analyze the independent influencing factors.Results:The influencing factors of cryptogenic stroke in patients with positive c-TCD were correlated with age,gender,and abnormal embolism scale scores(p<0.05).For each grade increase in age,the proportion of positive foam test was calculated to be 3.21 times,and the proportion of female to male was calculated to be 2.25 times.For each grade increase in the scores,the proportion of positive foam test was calculated to be 2.55 times.Conclusion:Female,older age,and higher scores in the abnormal embolism scale are the influencing factors for cryptogenic stroke in patients with positive c-TCD.

Construction Strategy and Affecting Factors of Positive-Strand RNA Virus Infectious Clone

Construction of infectious clones by full-length cDNA is basic and key for recovering RNA virus and is core of reverse genetics.In this article,basic consideration and key technology were viewed and factors affecting infectivity of clones were also summarized.Some research advances were briefly introduced about positive-strand RNA viruses infectious clones.Finally,this article also reviewed the application of infectious clones.

A DNA-binding protein factor in K562 nuclear extract interacts with positive control region (PCR) in the 5'flanking sequence of human β-globin gene

It has been known that there are at least three regulatory regions (NCR1. NCR2 and PCR) in the 5'-flanking sequence (from -610 bp to +1 bp) of human β-glohin geneand that the function of PCR is unique to the human erythroleukemia (Ksfi2) ceils. Here we have detected a DNA-binding protein factor (termed NFEa) in K562 ceils. which can bind specifically to the PCR of human β-globin gene. The sequence of the binding site is 5'ACTGATG3' (between -222 bp and -216 bp). The NFEa is erythroidspecific and perhaps specific for K562 cells. It seemed that this factor differed from the erythroid-specific transcriptional factor (NFE-1) ,nsing competition assay. The presence of the NFEa further supported that the funciton of the cis-acting element PCR was specitic for K562 cells. and helps us to understand the mechauism of the regulation of the expression of lmman β-globin gene in the human K562 cells.

Relationships between temperature-light meteorological factors and seedcotton biomass per boll at different boll positions

Cotton growth and development are determined and influenced by cultivars, meteorological conditions, and management practices. The objective of this study was to quantify the optimum of temperature-light meteorological factors for seedcotton biomass per boll with respect to boll positions. Field experiments were conducted using two cultivars of Kemian 1 and Sumian 15 with three planting dates of 25 April （mean daily temperature （MDT） was 28.0 and 25.4°C in 2010 and 2011, respectively）, 25 May （MDT was 22.5 and 21.2°C in 2010 and 2011, respectively）, and 10 Jun （MDT was 18.7 and 17.9°C in 2010 and 2011, respectively）, and under three shading levels （crop relative light rates （CRLR） were 100, 80, and 60％） during 2010 and 2011 cotton boll development period （from anthesis to boll open stages）. The main meteorological factors （temperature and light） affected seedcotton biomass per boll differently among different boll positions and cultivars. Mean daily radiation （MDR） affected seedcotton biomass per boll at all boll positions, except fruiting branch 2 （FB2） fruting node 1 （FN1）. However, its influence was less than temperature factors, especially growing degree-days （GDD）. Optimum mean daily maximum temperature （MDTmax） for seedcotton biomass per boll at FB11FN3 was 29.9-32.4°C, and the optimum MDR at aforementioned position was 15.8-17.5 MJ m-2. Definitely, these results can contribute to future cultural practices such as rational cultivars choice and distribution, simplifying field managements and mechanization to acquire more efficient and economical cotton management.

Study of thermal properties of supraglacial debris and degree-day factors on Lirung Glacier,Nepal

The extensive debris that covers glaciers in the ablation zone of the Himalayan region plays an important part in regulating ablation rates and water availability for the downstream region. The melt rate of ice is determined by the amount of heat conducted through debris material lying over the ice. This study presents the vertical temperature gradients, thermal properties in terms of thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity, and positive degree-day factors for the debris-covered portion of Lirung Glacier in Langtang Valley, Nepal Himalaya using field-based measurements from three different seasons.Field measurements include debris temperatures at different debris thicknesses, air temperature, and ice melt during the monsoon(2013), winter(2013), and pre-monsoon(2014) seasons. We used a thermal equation to estimate thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity, and degree-day factors(DDF) were calculated from cumulative positive temperature and ice melt of the measurement period. Our analysis of debris temperature profiles at different depths of debris show the daily linear gradients of-20.81 °C/m, 4.05 °C/m, and-7.79 °C/m in the monsoon, winter, and pre-monsoon seasons, respectively. The values of thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity in the monsoon season were 10 times greater than in the winter season. The large difference in these values is attributed to surface temperature and moisture content within the debris. Similarly, we found higher values of DDFs at thinner debris for the pre-monsoon season than in the monsoon season although we observed less melting during the pre-monsoon season. This is attributed to higher cumulative temperature during the monsoon season than in the pre-monsoon season. Our study advances our understanding of heat conductivity through debris material in different seasons, which supports estimating ice melt and discharge from glacierized river basins with debris-covered glaciers in the Himalayan region.

Generating Totally Positive Toeplitz Matrix from an Upper Bidiagonal Matrix

In this paper, we construct one of the forms of totally positive Toeplitz matrices from upper or lower bidiagonal totally nonnegative matrix. In addition, some properties related to this matrix involving its factorization are presented.

Positive Rate of Different Hepatitis B Virus Serological Markers in Peking Union Medical College Hospital,a General Tertiary Hospital in Beijing

Objectives To investigate the positive rate of different hepatitis B virus(HBV) serological markers,and the demographic factors related to HBV infection.Methods We enrolled all patients tested for HBV serological markers,such as HBV surface antigen(HBsAg),HBV surface antibody(HBsAb),hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg),hepatitis B e antibody(HBeAb),HBV core antibody(HBcAb),and HBV-DNA from July 2008 to July 2009 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.The positive rate of each HBV serological marker was calculated according to gender,age,and department,respectively.The positive rates of HBV-DNA among patients with positive HBsAg were also analyzed.Results Among 27 409 samples included,2681(9.8%) were HBsAg positive.When patients were divided into 9 age groups,the age-specific positive rate of HBsAg was 1.2%,9.6%,12.3%,10.9%,10.3%,9.7%,8.0%,S.8%,and 4.3%,respectively.The positive rate of HBsAg in non-surgical department,surgical department,and health examination center was 16.2%,5.8%> and 4.7%,respectively.The positive rate of HBsAg of males(13.3%) was higher than that of females(7.3%,P=0.000).Among the 2681 HBsAg(+)patients,1230(45.9%) had HBV-DNA test,of whom 564(45.9%) were positive.Patients with HBsAg(+),HBeAg(+),and HBcAg(+) result usually had high positive rate of HBV-DNA results(71.8%,P=0.000).Conclusions Among this group of patients in our hospital,the positive rate of HBsAg was relatively high.Age group of 20-29,males,and patients in non-surgical departments were factors associated with high positive rate of HBsAg.

Personnel Localization Method in Transformer Substation Based on Factor Graph

A SINS/GNSS location method based on factor diagram is proposed to meet the requirement of accurate location of substation construction personnel. In this paper, the inertial autonomous positioning, carrier motion information acquisition and satellite positioning technologies are integrated. The factor graph method is adopted to abstract the measurement information received by inertial navigation and satellite into factor nodes, and the state information into variable nodes, so as to construct the SINS/GNSS construction personnel positioning fusion factor graph model. The Gauss-Newton iterative method is used to implement the recursive updating of variable nodes, and the optimal estimate of the location information of the construction personnel is calculated, which realized the high precision location of the construction personnel. The factor graph method is verified by pedestrian navigation data. The results show that the factor graph method can continuously and stably output high-precision positioning results, and realize non-equidistant fusion of SINS and GNSS. The positioning accuracy is better than Kalman filter algorithm, and the horizontal positioning accuracy is less than 1 m. Therefore, the factor graph method proposed can provide accurate location information for substation construction personnel.

俯卧位通气相关面部压力性损伤危险因素分析及最佳建模方法选择

背景面部压力性损伤是俯卧位通气患者常见并发症,创面局部暴露可增加全身感染风险,影响俯卧位通气治疗效果,甚至造成局部组织永久性功能损害。探讨其危险因素并构建预测模型对于预防俯卧位通气相关面部压力性损伤具有重要临床意义。目的探讨俯卧位通气相关面部压力性损伤的危险因素及其最佳建模方法。方法选择2020年6月—2023年3月入住新疆医科大学第一附属医院重症医学科的159例接受俯卧位通气的患者为研究对象,根据是否发生面部压力性损伤分为压力性损伤组(n=22)和非压力性损伤组(n=137),收集患者的一般信息、疾病诊断、治疗措施、实验室检查。分别使用逐步Logistic回归模型、全变量Logistic回归模型及Lasso-Logistic回归模型筛选面部压力性损伤危险因素并建立预测模型,应用受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)评价模型区分度;应用赤池信息准则(AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(BIC)及校准曲线评价模型校准度;应用决策曲线评价模型临床应用价值。通过比较三种Logistic回归模型预测效能和临床应用差异选择最佳建模方法。结果逐步Logistic回归模型结果显示,面部压力性损伤的影响因素为年龄(OR=39.041)、糖尿病(OR=7.256)和单次俯卧位通气时间(OR=6.705);全变量Logistic回归模型结果显示,面部压力性损伤的影响因素为年龄(OR=26.882)、糖尿病(OR=1.770)、ICU住院时间(OR=2.610)和单次俯卧位通气时间(OR=5.340);Lasso-Logistic回归结果显示,面部压力性损伤的影响因素为年龄(OR=38.256)、糖尿病(OR=1.094)、单次俯卧位通气时间(OR=5.738)和Richmond躁动镇静评分(OR=1.179)。Lasso-Logistic回归模型预测俯卧位通气相关面部压力性损伤的AUC、灵敏度和特异度分别为0.855、0.959和0.750,优于逐步和全变量Logistic回归模型;AIC和BIC分别为44.634和55.745,低于逐步和全变量Logistic回归模型;校准曲线显示Lasso-Logistic回归模型预测概率与实际概率拟合效果最佳。决策曲线显示Lasso-Logistic回归模型获得临床收益对应风险阈值为0.01~0.98,优于逐步和全变量Logistic回归模型。结论年龄、糖尿病、单次俯卧位通气时长和Richmond躁动镇静评分是俯卧位通气相关面部压力性损伤的危险因素,Lasso-Logistic回归模型预测效能和临床应用价值优于逐步Logistic回归模型和全变量Logistic回归模型,是最佳建模方法。

2021年济南市大气PM_(2.5)中PAHs污染特征及其来源解析

目的分析济南市2021年细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,PM_(2.5))中PAHs污染特征及来源分析,为济南市大气环境综合治理提供相关数据支持。方法根据济南市区域分布特点选取2个有代表性监测点,每月的10—16日进行连续监测,使用超高效液相色谱仪对16种PAHs进行检测,分析济南市PM_(2.5)中PAHs变化趋势及特征,使用特征比值和PMF模型对PM_(2.5)中PAHs进行源解析。结果PAHs以4环和6环为主,具有显著的季节性变化趋势,即冬季>秋季>春季>夏季,1月份污染情况尤为突出;秋季和冬季中7种高致癌风险PAHs所占比例高于其他季节,历城区各季节PAHs质量浓度均高于市中区;结合特征比值和PMF对PAHs来源分析,冬季主要污染源是工业和石油产品挥发源、交通源;秋季主要为燃煤燃烧源、工业和石油产品挥发源和交通源。结论济南市PM_(2.5)中PAHs存在一定的污染,需加大清洁能源的使用,同时进一步加强秋、冬季,尤其是采暖季燃煤燃烧、工业和石油产品挥发和交通等污染源的控制。

伊尼妥单抗治疗人表皮生长因子受体2阳性转移性乳腺癌伴胃肠功能紊乱1例

乳腺癌是女性常见的肿瘤,如今乳腺癌实体肿瘤通过相应的治疗可取得较好的疗效,但人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)阳性乳腺癌侵袭性较强、恶性程度高,需引起患者及医务人员的重视。本文回顾性分析1例激素受体阴性、HER2阳性伴胃肠功能紊乱的乳腺癌患者诊治经过。患者初诊为局部晚期炎症乳腺癌伴腋窝淋巴结转移,给予新辅助化疗及手术治疗。术后3年后病情进展,予以伊尼妥单抗联合白蛋白紫杉醇,后续伊尼妥单抗单独靶向治疗,病情持续缓解。提示对于HER2阳性晚期乳腺癌,伊尼妥单抗是个很好的单抗类药物选择。

基于WBOA的3D-DV-Hop节点定位算法

针对三维(3D)-DV-Hop定位算法未知节点从最近的锚节点获取平均跳距估算距离时定位精度低的问题,提出了一种新的基于WBOA的3D-DV-Hop算法。首先,该算法去除了网络中无法通信和无法定位的节点;然后添加了修正因子,修正平均跳距。接着创建一个用于优化的蝴蝶初始种群,构建目标函数。采用自适应权重来平衡全局搜索与局部搜索的能力,使得算法不易陷入局部最优,加快了算法的收敛精度;最终求得全局最优平均跳距。仿真结果表明:尽管算法的平均运行时间略有增加,但算法的定位精度得到了有效提高。