Exploration of the Integration of Positive Emotions and Flow Experience in STEAM Education

STEAM(science,technology,engineering,arts,and mathematics)education aims to cultivate innovative talents with multidimensional literacy through interdisciplinary integration and innovative practice.However,lack of student motivation has emerged as a key factor hindering its effectiveness.This study explores the integrated application of positive emotions and flow experience in STEAM education from the perspective of positive psychology.It systematically explains how these factors enhance learning motivation and promote knowledge internalization,proposing feasible pathways for instructional design,resource provision,environment creation,and team building.The study provides theoretical insights and practical guidance for transforming STEAM education in the new era.

A Study of the English Translation of Positive Emotions from the Perspective of Conceptual Metaphor

experience shared by human beings,but it is often expressed in the form of conceptual metaphor which is pervasive in the concrete language.Drawing upon the theory of conceptual metaphor and emotion metaphors,this paper aims to study the translation of positive emotions in David Hawkes’version of The Story of the Stone and the related daily expressions as the corpus.According to the theories,this paper categorizes the positive emotions metaphors into body metaphors,sensory metaphors,entity metaphors,and orientational metaphors to discuss the process of English translation and the metaphorical mechanism,analyzes the similarities and differences between Chinese and English expressions of positive emotions and their cultural,physiological,and psychological motives,and lastly attempts to summarize the translation strategies of emotional expressions.The analysis of metaphorical mechanisms reveals that the common physiological and psychological experiences of human beings and cultural exchanges give rise to similarities,while the unique cultural environments,antecedents,and historical development of each nation give rise to their distinctiveness.This paper concludes that translators need to make full use of their subjectivity,understand the surface and underlying meaning of the text,and establish a high level of mental compatibility between themselves,the readers,and the author.

A Review of Research on Second Language Acquisition from a Positive Psychology Perspective

This paper reviews the research on second language acquisition from the perspective of positive psychology.First,it introduces the background and purpose of the study and discusses the significance of the application of positive psychology in the field of language acquisition.Then,the basic theories of positive psychology,including the core concepts and principles of positive psychology,are summarized.Subsequently,the theory of second language acquisition is defined and outlined,including the definition,characteristics,and related developmental theories of second language acquisition.On this basis,the study of second language acquisition from the perspective of positive psychology is discussed in detail.By combing and synthesizing the literature,this paper summarizes the current situation and trend of second language acquisition research under the perspective of positive psychology and puts forward some future research directions and suggestions.

Evaluating the emotion regulation of positive mood states among people with bipolar disorder using hierarchical clustering

BACKGROUND People with bipolar disorder(BD)frequently struggle with the recurrence of affective symptoms.However,the interplay between coping mechanism and positive mood state remains under-researched.AIM To explore the associations among behavioral approach system(BAS)sensitivity level,coping,and positive mood states among people with BD.METHODS Using a cross-sectional study design,90 participants with BD were presented with four BAS-activating life event scenarios and assessed with regard to their BAS trait sensitivity,coping flexibility,and mood states.A hierarchical clustering method was used to identify different groups with different styles of coping.Multiple hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the mediating and moderating roles of different components of coping on mood states.RESULTS A three-cluster solution was found to best fit the present data set.The findings showed that a low mass of coping combined with low BAS sensitivity level protects people with BD from detrimentally accentuating mood states when they encounter BAS-activating life events.Moreover,coping flexibility is demonstrated to mediate and moderate the relationships between BAS sensitivity level and mood states.Specifically,subduing the perceived controllability and reducing the use of behavioral-activation/emotion-amplifying coping strategies could help buffer the effect of positive affect.CONCLUSION The judicious use of coping in emotion regulation for people with BD when encountering BAS-activating life events was indicated.Practical applications and theoretical implications are highlighted.

Short-Term Mindfulness Intervention on Adolescents’ Negative Emotion under Global Pandemic

Objective:In this research,we tried to explore how short-term mindfulness(STM)intervention affects adoles-cents’anxiety,depression,and negative and positive emotion during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design:10 classes were divided into experiment groups(5 classes;n=238)and control(5 classes;n=244)randomly.Hospital Anxi-ety and Depression Scale(HADS)and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS)were used to measure par-ticipants’dependent variables.In the experiment group,we conducted STM practice interventions every morning in theirfirst class from March to November 2020.No interventions were conducted in the control group.Methods:Paired-sample t-tests were used to identify if a significant difference exists between every time point of the experimental and control groups.Repeated ANOVA and Growth Mixture Model(GMM)were used to analyze the tendency of positive and negative emotions,anxiety,and depression in the experimental group.Results and Conclusions:(1)With the intervention of STM,there was a significant decrease in negative emotions and an increase in positive emotions in the experimental group,whereas there were non-significant differences in the control group.(2)To explore the heterogeneity trajectories of dependent variables,we built a GMM and found there were two latent growth classes in the trajectories.(3)The results of the models showed their trajec-tories were downward,which meant that the levels of anxiety,depression,and negative emotions of participants decreased during the STM training period.Nonetheless,the score of positive affect showed upward in three loops of intervention,which indicated that the level of the participants’positive affect increased through the STM inter-vention.(4)This research indicated that STM should be given increasing consideration to enhance mental health during the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19.

Electroencephalographic coherences during emotion identification task

Coherence, a measure of spectral similarity, may estimate cortical coupling between two EEG signals as a function of frequency. The coherence between EEG signals from different brain areas depends on the structural connection and functional coupling between two regions. The theory of hemispheric specialization proposes left hemisphere activation to positive emotions and right one to negative emotions. Other proposal is that right hemisphere activation occurs with emotional stimuli. In the present study EEG coherences were calculated during the presentation of the International Affective Pictures to 36 healthy male university students. The subjects’ task was to determine the valence of the stimuli. Base line recording were done with subjects observing the blank monitor. Our results showed higher coherences during the emotional condition. No differences between negative and positive emotions were obtained. Neutral pictures evoked the highest coherence values. These data suggest that coherences between functionally coupled brain areas do not reflect emotional recognition of the valence of stimuli, but they are internal indicators of different mental processes such as memory, mental effort and arousal. Our findings do not support the theory of hemispheric specialization, neither the theory of right hemisphere;rather they suggest a complex activation pattern that involves mostly frontal areas in connection with the entire cortex.

Neural Mechanism in Emotion Regulation by Simultaneous Recording of EEG and fMRI

The combination of electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) is a very attractive aim in neuroscience in order to achieve both high temporal and spatial resolution for the non-invasive study of cognitive brain function. In this paper, we record simultaneous EEG-fMRI of the same subject in emotional processing experiment in order to explore the characteristics of different emotional picture processing, and try to find the difference of the subjects' brain hemisphere while viewing different valence emotional pictures. The late positive potential(LPP) is a reliable electrophysiological index of emotional perception in humans. According to the analysis results, the slow-wave LPP and visual cortical blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals are both modulated by the rated intensity of picture arousal. The amplitude of the LPP correlate significantly with BOLD intensity in visual cortex, amygdala, temporal area, prefrontal and central areas across picture contents.

The positive and negative emotion functions related to loneliness:a systematic review of behavioural and neuroimaging studies

Loneliness is associated with high prevalences of major psychiatric illnesses such as major depression.However,the underlying emotional mechanisms of loneliness remained unclear.We hypothesized that loneliness originates from both decreases in positive emotional processing and increases in negative emotion processing.To test this,we conducted a systematic review of 29 previous studies(total participants n=19560,mean age=37.16 years,female proportion=59.7%),including 18 studies that included ques-tionnaire measures of emotions only,and 11 studies that examined the brain correlates of emotions.The main findings were that loneliness was negatively correlated with general positive emotions and positively correlated with general negative emotions.Fur-thermore,limited evidence indicates loneliness exhibited negative and positive correlations with the brain positive(e.g.the striatum)and negative(e.g.insula)emotion systems,respectively,but the sign of correlation was not entirely consistent.Additionally,loneli-ness was associated with the structure and function of the brain emotion regulation systems,particularly the prefrontal cortex,but the direction of this relationship remained ambiguous.We concluded that the existing evidence supported a bivalence model of lone-liness,but several critical gaps existed that could be addressed by future studies that include adolescent and middle-aged samples,use both questionnaire and task measures of emotions,distinguish between general emotion and social emotion as well as between positive and negative emotion regulation,and adopt a longitudinal design that allows us to ascertain the causal relationships between loneliness and emotion dysfunction.Our findings provide new insights into the underlying emotion mechanisms of loneliness that can inform interventions for lonely individuals.

The Preference of Sculpture Landscape Types among College Students in Different Psychological States

In this paper, characteristics of sculptures and tiie preference for sculptures of college students in different state of mind were analyzed. A total of 165 college students were invited to participate in the study. The method of image fating was employed to investigate these students,landscape preferences after they completed the Profile of Mood States （POMS）. The results showed that when the sculptures were placed alone, students in a positive mood had a preference for abstract sculptures, students in a negative mood had a preference for figumtive sculptures with unique symbolic meanings, and paftidpatofy sculptures were populous among college students in different emotional states. When sculptures were placed in the environmentj natural elements of die sculptures greatly affected college students, preference＊ Students in a positive mood tended to choose sculpture landscapes combined with plants, and students in a negative mood had a preference for sculpture landscapes with water bodies. There were difFefences in the types of sculptxiie landscapes that the college stxidents in different moods thought can telieve their bad moods. Apart from tiieir current dominant emotions, the results of the stxidy were related to their past experiences, cultural backgrounds,and fimctions,social attributes and symbols of the landscape.

The Impact of Coronavirus on Staff Nurses’ Feeling While Giving Direct Care to COVID-19 Patients in Various COVID Facilities

Background: Nurses are very important frontline health care professionals as they spend more time with patients than other professionals. This is even more so at this critical time of the COVID-19 pandemic. The nursing profession is facing great challenges in coping with the pandemic as they are more vulnerable to exposure and infection with the disease. Kuwait is not spared from the global pandemic which has put the health sector under immense pressure. Because COVID-19 is highly transmissible and deadly, it poses a huge health risk to nurses and has a huge impact on their cognitive, emotional, behavioural and physical dimensions. Aim: The study aims to explore the positive and negative emotions and feelings of staff nurses while giving care to COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. 300 nurses from different general hospitals, field hospitals, and quarantine facilities in Kuwait participated in the study. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results: The findings show that for the cognitive evaluation, 72% were moderately affected, for the emotional evaluation 51.3% and 44% were moderately and mildly affected respectively, for the behavioural evaluation, 66.7% were severely affected, and for the physical evaluation, 43.3% and 31.7% were moderately and severely affected respectively. Prolonged working hours has a highly significant negative correlation to emotional (r −0.165), behavioral (r −0.177) and physical (r −0.155) dimension of the nurses at 0.01 level using Spearman’s correlation. Conclusion: The study concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the psychophysical dimensions of staff nurses.

Flow Experience Study of Eco-tourists: A Case Study of Hunan Daweishan Mountain Ski Area

Mountain skiing has become a popular winter ecotourism activity in China. Studying the loyalty of eco-tourists from the perspective of tourist experience is important to the continued development of mountain ski tourism. Based on the flow experience theory, we developed and tested a structural equation model to examine relationships among flow experience, positive emotions and the loyalty of eco-tourists. Survey data from 324 eco-tourists with skiing experience at Daweishan Mountain Ski Resort was used for exploratory factor, confirmatory factor and path analyses. Results revealed five dimensions of flow experiences of eco-tourists： Concentration on task at hand, Loss of self-consciousness, Transformation of time, Autotelic experience, and Challenge-skill balance. As hypothesized, influences of Transformation of time, Autotelic experience and Challenge-skill balance on positive emotions were significant and positive. Concentration on task at hand, Autotelic experience, Challenge-skill balance and positive emotions positively influenced the loyalty of eco-tourists. Suggestions for developing ecotourism products are discussed such as designing a conductive environment to activate flow experience, providing personalized service to promote positive emotion, and developing experiential tourism activities.