Mathematical Modeling and Evaluation of Reliability Parameters Based on Survival Possibilities under Uncertain Environment

In this article,mathematical modeling for the evaluation of reliability is studied using two methods.One of the methods,is developed based on possibility theory.The performance of the reliability of the system is of prime concern.In view of this,the outcomes for the failure are required to evaluate with utmost care.In possibility theory,the reliability information data determined from decision-making experts are subjective.The samemethod is also related to the survival possibilities as against the survival probabilities.The other method is the one that is developed using the concept of approximation of closed interval including the piecewise quadratic fuzzy numbers.In this method,a decision-making expert is not sure of his/her estimates of the reliability parameters.Numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the efficiency of the suggested methods in this research.In the end,the paper is concluded with some future research directions to be explored for the proposed approach.

Preface to the Special Issue on Challenges and Possibilities of Magnetic Semiconductors

Magnetic semiconductors have been pursued for over 50 years because they combine two critical components of modern information technology: semiconductors for logic and magnets for memory. Remarkably, boosted by the discovery of ferromagnetism in the (III,Mn)As system two decades ago, magnetic semiconductors have become one of leading material systems which are critical for future applications in energy efficient information technology, quantum computing, and quantum communication. However, after more than a decade of rapid development, the ongoing research in magnetic semiconductors must now face reality:"Is it possible to create magnetic semiconductors that work at room temperature?" To answer this question, great efforts have recently been made in theory and experiments to discover and design new material platforms to host magnetic ions. These recent advances have thus revived our understanding of the field and lifted the field off for a new opportunity.

Transport Corridor Alive With Possibilities

New Lamu Port infrastructure initiative has potential to improve the economies of East Africa East africa is gearing up to construct a trade lifeline that is set to be one of the largest transport projects in africa. In early February, Kenya, Ethiopia and south sudan launched construction of

Alive with Possibilities

THE 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, held in Beijing on October 18-24, set out the guiding principles for ChinEs major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics at the top level. The congress put forward that China will pursue a new form of international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness, justice, and win-win cooperation.

Report for Type 2 Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation in No-Data Problem

It is well known that the system (1 + 1) can be unequal to 2, because this system has both observation error and system error. Furthermore, we must provide our mustered service within our cool head and warm heart, where two states of nature are existing upon us. Any system is regarded as the two-dimensional variable error model. On the other hand, we consider that the fuzziness is existing in this system. Though we can usually obtain the fuzzy number from the possibility theory, it is not fuzzy but possibility, because the possibility function is as same as the likelihood function, and we can obtain the possibility measure by the maximal likelihood method (i.e. max product method proposed by Dr. Hideo Tanaka). Therefore, Fuzzy is regarded as the only one case according to Vague, which has both some state of nature in this world and another state of nature in the other world. Here, we can consider that Type 1 Vague Event in other world can be obtained by mapping and translating from Type 1 fuzzy Event in this world. We named this estimation as Type 1 Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation. When the Vague Events were abnormal (ex. under War), we need to consider that another world could exist around other world. In this case, we call it Type 2 Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation. Where Hori et al. constructed the stochastic different equation upon Type 1 Vague Events, along with the general following probabilistic introduction method from the single regression model, multi-regression model, AR model, Markov (decision) process, to the stochastic different equation. Furthermore, we showed that the system theory approach is Possibility Markov Process, and that the making decision approach is Sequential Bayes Estimation, too. After all, Type 1 Bays-Fuzzy estimation is the special case in Bayes estimation, because the pareto solutions can exist in two stochastic different equations upon Type 2 Vague Events, after we ignore one equation each other (note that this is Type 1 case), we can obtain both its system solution and its decision solution. Here, it is noted that Type 2 Vague estimation can be applied to the shallow abnormal decision problem with possibility reserved judgement. However, it is very important problem that we can have no idea for possibility reserved judgement under the deepest abnormal envelopment (ex. under War). Expect for this deepest abnormal decision problem, Bayes estimation can completely cover fuzzy estimation. In this paper, we explain our flowing study and further research object forward to this deepest abnormal decision problem.

A Blind Spot in the Reframing of a Universe of Possibles: Towards a Suitable Model for Decision-Making Theory and A.I.

Bayesian inference model is an optimal processing of incomplete information that, more than other models, better captures the way in which any decision-maker learns and updates his degree of rational beliefs about possible states of nature, in order to make a better judgment while taking new evidence into account. Such a scientific model proposed for the general theory of decision-making, like all others in general, whether in statistics, economics, operations research, A.I., data science or applied mathematics, regardless of whether they are time-dependent, have in common a theoretical basis that is axiomatized by relying on related concepts of a universe of possibles, especially the so-called universe (or the world), the state of nature (or the state of the world), when formulated explicitly. The issue of where to stand as an observer or a decision-maker to reframe such a universe of possibles together with a partition structure of knowledge (i.e. semantic formalisms), including a copy of itself as it was initially while generalizing it, is not addressed. Memory being the substratum, whether human or artificial, wherein everything stands, to date, even the theoretical possibility of such an operation of self-inclusion is prohibited by pure mathematics. We make this blind spot come to light through a counter-example (namely Archimedes’ Eureka experiment) and explore novel theoretical foundations, fitting better with a quantum form than with fuzzy modeling, to deal with more than a reference universe of possibles. This could open up a new path of investigation for the general theory of decision-making, as well as for Artificial Intelligence, often considered as the science of the imitation of human abilities, while being also the science of knowledge representation and the science of concept formation and reasoning.

INFINITE POSSIBILITIES

China ushers in a new chapter of communication as 5G licenses for commercial use are granted Despite a great deal of information,people still find it hard to imagine how 5G will benefit their lives or the world at large. Some clues can be traced back to 2012.

CRISIS FOCUS:Renminbi Possibilities

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) announced on September 2 that the People’s Bank of China will purchase up to 32 billion Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), or around $50 billion of the IMF notes, as part of the international effort to ensure the adequacy of the

Open to Trade China-South Africa trade relations are alive with possibilities

In recent years, economic and trade relations between China and Africa have seen rapid development. As Africa’s largest trading partner, China’s trade relations with South Africa, the continent’s most potent economy, are an integral part of this

Type 2 Possibility Factor Rotation in No-Data Problem

Uemura [1] discovered a mapping formula that transforms and maps the state of nature into fuzzy events with a membership function that expresses the degree of attribution. In decision theory in no-data problems, sequential Bayesian inference is an example of this mapping formula, and Hori et al. [2] made the mapping formula multidimensional, introduced the concept of time, to Markov (decision) processes in fuzzy events under ergodic conditions, and derived stochastic differential equations in fuzzy events, although in reverse. In this paper, we focus on type 2 fuzzy. First, assuming that Type 2 Fuzzy Events are transformed and mapped onto the state of nature by a quadratic mapping formula that simultaneously considers longitudinal and transverse ambiguity, the joint stochastic differential equation representing these two ambiguities can be applied to possibility principal factor analysis if the weights of the equations are orthogonal. This indicates that the type 2 fuzzy is a two-dimensional possibility multivariate error model with longitudinal and transverse directions. Also, when the weights are oblique, it is a general possibility oblique factor analysis. Therefore, an example of type 2 fuzzy system theory is the possibility factor analysis. Furthermore, we show the initial and stopping condition on possibility factor rotation, on the base of possibility theory.

Initial and Stopping Condition in Possibility Principal Factor Rotation

Uemura [1] discovered the mapping formula for Type 1 Vague events and presented an alternative problem as an example of its application. Since it is well known that the alternative problem leads to sequential Bayesian inference, the flow of subsequent research was to make the mapping formula multidimensional, to introduce the concept of time, and to derive a Markov (decision) process. Furthermore, we formulated stochastic differential equations to derive them [2]. This paper refers to type 2 vague events based on a second-order mapping equation. This quadratic mapping formula gives a certain rotation named as possibility principal factor rotation by transforming a non-mapping function by a relation between two mapping functions. In addition, the derivation of the Type 2 Complex Markov process and the initial and stopping conditions in this rotation are mentioned. .

El Arte de Bregar(The Art of Dealing):An Existentialism

“La brega”unveils a multifaceted exploration of human existence,reflecting the intricate interplay of ambiguity and ethical engagement within Puerto Rican culture.This concept,with its roots in the aesthetic realm of ambiguity,beckons individuals to savor the pleasure of indefiniteness and resist the confines of historical anchorage.Drawing parallels to Kierkegaard’s musings on Don Juan,it reveals the allure of eternal longing,evading the consummation of desire and leading to existential despair.However,“la brega”is far from static;it undergoes an evolution toward an ethical phase.Here,individuals navigate the turbulent waters of reconciliation and conflict resolution,eschewing violence while embracing the boundaries of responsibility.This ethical iteration resonates with Kierkegaard’s ethical stage,where moral responsibility and courageous choices take center stage.Yet,it is vital to recognize that“la brega”transcends any simplistic notions of docility;it embodies a resilient and transformative force within Puerto Rican culture,capable of driving meaningful and impactful actions.In its nuanced exploration of ambiguity,ethics,and resilience,“la brega”offers profound insights into the intricate tapestry of human experience.

考虑权重因素的非概率可靠性模型

利用区间变量描述参量的不确定性,基于加权平均理论和PDF(possibility degree formula)区间比较法则,依据非概率区间分析方法,建立考虑权重因素的非概率可靠性模型。该模型更进一步地利用数据信息,提高数据积累阶段的可靠性评估精度;将非概率可靠性指标统一到概率可靠度上,有很好的工程应用价值。最后利用算例验证文中提出模型的可行性。

中国高僧与越南“少林寺”

The But Thap Temple in Bac Ninh province of Viet Nam has two Chinese names,one is Ninh Phuc Temple and the other,an alternative one,Thieu Lam Temple.In the middle of17th century,the Chinese Chuyet Cong and Minh Hanh lived and made great contribution to its development.The temple is deeply affected by Chinese culture and the reason for its alˉternative name,the paper argues,is possible related to China’s“North Shao Lin”.

Construction of heat shock protein 90α expressing plasmid and the effect of the protein on tumor growth in vivo

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a major heatshock protein whose functions are necessary for livingorganisms, including both procaryotes and eucaryotes.Human Hsp90 consists of two forms, Hsp90α andHsp90β. Expression of Hsp90α appears to be inducible bydifferent stimuli. Adenovirus EIA gene products andtransformation with the H-ras oncogene can induce aselective overexpression of Hsp90α. Hsp90α was

Trade-offs between wood production and forest grouse habitats in two regions with distinctive landscapes

Background:Forest management affects the viability of forest grouse populations,causing alterations to habitat quality.At the regional level,common targets for wood harvesting and safeguarding of specific habitats are negotiated between various stakeholders.Analysing potential trade-offs between forest grouse habitats and wood production in the region could support resource-smart decision making.Methods:In this paper,we compiled trade-off curves represented as production possibility frontiers demonstrating the relationship between forest grouse habitat area and wood removal,using a Finnish forestry dynamics model and the Finnish Multi-Source National Forest Inventory.For the modelling of forest grouse habitats,a landscape-level occurrence model based on nationwide wildlife triangle census data was used.Five alternative forest scenarios in terms of wood removal were compiled for two study areas in Finland representing two different landscape structures.Results and conclusions:Results showed that impacts on forest grouse habitats were case-specific.In the southern study area,increasing the roundwood harvesting rate affected grouse habitats more strongly as forests were already fragmented for other land uses and became more spruce-dominated over time.If the maximum sustainable removal rate was implemented,predicted grouse habitat area was 55%less than in a no-removal scenario.In the eastern study area,a more heavily forested region,the decrease was far lower at 22%.Scenario results were also compared to levels of recorded(business as usual)wood removal and that envisaged by valid regional forestry programmes,and their sustainability in terms of grouse habitat area was discussed.The production possibility frontiers calculated in this study support the evaluation of the loss of suitable habitat caused by different wood harvesting rates,or vice versa,the economic cost of increasing habitat areas.

关于锗的必需性问题

在自然界存在的92种元素中,现已在人体中发现81种。根据其生物学作用,可将这些元素分为三类,即必需元素,可能必需元素和非必需元素。目前已知,必需元素共有26种,其中11种是常量元素,15种是微量元素。高等动物必需的微量元素是:Fe、I、Cu、Mn、Zn、Co、Mo、Se、Cr、Sn、V、F、Si、Ni 和 As。随着科学技术的发展,还可能发现一些微量元素对生命活动也是必需的。本文讨论锗的必需性问题。

POSSIBLY用法译评

英语情态副词及其相关的形容词,用法上常常既有相通之处,也有不同之处。本文拟对possibly及其相关的形容词、副词在语义、修饰、句法、位置等方面加以辨析。