This study deals with the values and orientation of Georgian social and political publications in the times of the Georgian Democratic Republic （1918-1921）. It also shows how the press of that time reflected the ide...This study deals with the values and orientation of Georgian social and political publications in the times of the Georgian Democratic Republic （1918-1921）. It also shows how the press of that time reflected the idea of ＂Georgian Europeanism＂ based on liberal values that took shape as an anti-colonial concept in the journalism of the late 19th century. The opposed dominant ideological projects of that era comprised on the one hand, National Democratic and Socialist Federalist parties that aspired to preserve national identity and carry out changes and on the other hand, ruling Social Democrats （who initially neglected national identity, but later shared the idea）. This opposition was clearly reflected in the media discourse of that time, which implied the following rights based on the principles of classical liberalism： freedom of conscience and expression, rule of law, personal independence, and individual rights. Other elements were added to this list later. The issue of religious tolerance also became topical. Journalist texts of the period reflected and rationalised the values recognised in today＇s democratic and liberal communities. The research was carried out in the archives of the periodicals of the aforementioned period （newspapers Sakhalkho Sakme, Sakartvelo, Ertoba, and Sakartvelos Respublika） by means of systematising and classifying retrieved materials and making a substantive and varietal analysis of individual media texts.展开更多
Plasma nitrocarburizing and plasma oxidizing treatments were performed to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of SKD 61 steel.Plasma nitrocarburizing was conducted for 12 h at 540℃in the nitrogen, hydrogen and ...Plasma nitrocarburizing and plasma oxidizing treatments were performed to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of SKD 61 steel.Plasma nitrocarburizing was conducted for 12 h at 540℃in the nitrogen, hydrogen and methane atmosphere to produce theε-Fe-（2-3）（N,C） phase.The compound layer produced by plasma nitrocarburising was predominantly composed ofε-phase,with a small proportion ofγ′-Fe-4 （N,C） phase. The thickness of the compound layer and the diffusion layer are about 10μm and about 200μm,respectively. Plasma post oxidation was performed on the nitrocarburized samples with various oxygen/hydrogen ratio at constant temperature of 500℃for 1 h.The very thin magnetite （Fe-3O-4） layer of 1-2μm in thickness on top of the compound layer was obtained.Anodic polarization test revealed that plasma nitrocarburizing process contributed a significant improvement of corrosion resistance of SKD 61 steel.However,the corrosion characteristics of the nitrocarburized compound layer was deteriorated by oxidation treatment.展开更多
Plasma nitrocarburizing and plasma oxidizing treatments were performed to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of AISI 4140 steel. Plasma nitrocarburizing was conducted for 3 h at 570 ℃ in the nitrogen, hydrogen...Plasma nitrocarburizing and plasma oxidizing treatments were performed to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of AISI 4140 steel. Plasma nitrocarburizing was conducted for 3 h at 570 ℃ in the nitrogen, hydrogen and methane atmosphere to produce the ε-Fe2-3(N,C) phase. It was found that the compound layer produced by plasma nitrocarburising was predominantly composed of ε-phase, with a small proportion of γ′-Fe4(N,C) phase. The thickness of the compound layer was about 10 μm and the diffusion layer was about 300 μm in thickness, respectively. Plasma post oxidation was performed on the nitrocarburized samples with various oxygen/hydrogen ratio at a constant temperature of 500 ℃ for 1 h. The very thin magnetite (Fe3O4) layer 1-2 μm in thickness on top of the compound layer was obtained by plasma post oxidation. It was confirmed that the corrosion characteristics of the nitrocarburized compound layer can be further improved by the application of the superficial magnetite layer.展开更多
文摘This study deals with the values and orientation of Georgian social and political publications in the times of the Georgian Democratic Republic （1918-1921）. It also shows how the press of that time reflected the idea of ＂Georgian Europeanism＂ based on liberal values that took shape as an anti-colonial concept in the journalism of the late 19th century. The opposed dominant ideological projects of that era comprised on the one hand, National Democratic and Socialist Federalist parties that aspired to preserve national identity and carry out changes and on the other hand, ruling Social Democrats （who initially neglected national identity, but later shared the idea）. This opposition was clearly reflected in the media discourse of that time, which implied the following rights based on the principles of classical liberalism： freedom of conscience and expression, rule of law, personal independence, and individual rights. Other elements were added to this list later. The issue of religious tolerance also became topical. Journalist texts of the period reflected and rationalised the values recognised in today＇s democratic and liberal communities. The research was carried out in the archives of the periodicals of the aforementioned period （newspapers Sakhalkho Sakme, Sakartvelo, Ertoba, and Sakartvelos Respublika） by means of systematising and classifying retrieved materials and making a substantive and varietal analysis of individual media texts.
文摘Plasma nitrocarburizing and plasma oxidizing treatments were performed to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of SKD 61 steel.Plasma nitrocarburizing was conducted for 12 h at 540℃in the nitrogen, hydrogen and methane atmosphere to produce theε-Fe-（2-3）（N,C） phase.The compound layer produced by plasma nitrocarburising was predominantly composed ofε-phase,with a small proportion ofγ′-Fe-4 （N,C） phase. The thickness of the compound layer and the diffusion layer are about 10μm and about 200μm,respectively. Plasma post oxidation was performed on the nitrocarburized samples with various oxygen/hydrogen ratio at constant temperature of 500℃for 1 h.The very thin magnetite （Fe-3O-4） layer of 1-2μm in thickness on top of the compound layer was obtained.Anodic polarization test revealed that plasma nitrocarburizing process contributed a significant improvement of corrosion resistance of SKD 61 steel.However,the corrosion characteristics of the nitrocarburized compound layer was deteriorated by oxidation treatment.
文摘Plasma nitrocarburizing and plasma oxidizing treatments were performed to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of AISI 4140 steel. Plasma nitrocarburizing was conducted for 3 h at 570 ℃ in the nitrogen, hydrogen and methane atmosphere to produce the ε-Fe2-3(N,C) phase. It was found that the compound layer produced by plasma nitrocarburising was predominantly composed of ε-phase, with a small proportion of γ′-Fe4(N,C) phase. The thickness of the compound layer was about 10 μm and the diffusion layer was about 300 μm in thickness, respectively. Plasma post oxidation was performed on the nitrocarburized samples with various oxygen/hydrogen ratio at a constant temperature of 500 ℃ for 1 h. The very thin magnetite (Fe3O4) layer 1-2 μm in thickness on top of the compound layer was obtained by plasma post oxidation. It was confirmed that the corrosion characteristics of the nitrocarburized compound layer can be further improved by the application of the superficial magnetite layer.
