Farmers’ Practices for the Orchard’s Maintenance and Post-Harvest Treatment of Cocoa in Infiltrated Classified and Unclassified Zone of Méagui (South-West, Côte d’Ivoire)

An important part of Ivorian cocoa production comes from infiltrated classified forests. The objective of this study is to investigate orchard maintenance and post-harvest cocoa treatment practices used by cocoa farmers in infiltrated classified and unclassified areas of Méagui. To do this, 110 producers in two localities of the said zone were individually interviewed from February to April 2022, using a declarative questionnaire. It was found that cocoa orchards in the zone are aging. Nearly 68.55% of producers were heirs and 58.33% of those interviewed were under 46 years of age, with an average age of 43 years. Nearly 84.55% of the producers surveyed mainly use chemical insecticides to control the pests of greatest concern in these localities. Regarding the frequency of insecticide treatments, 11.82% of producers make 1 to 2 applications a year, 29.09% make 3 to 5 applications a year, and 43.64% make at least 6 applications a year. The active substances of the most used products belong to 99% of the Neonicotinoid and Pyrethroid families. Regarding cocoa harvesting and post-harvest operations, 93.64% of the producers carry out a single harvest/month;all do the shelling with mini machetes. Beans are fermented mainly in black plastic tarpaulins or in bags, for a period of 3 to 5 days (65.45%). Drying is done almost entirely (91.82%) on the black plastic tarp. This study shows that cocoa farmers in the areas surveyed do not respect the recommendations issued on phytosanitary practices and post-harvest treatment of cocoa. This non-compliance with the standards of good practices prescribed is particularly more accentuated in the locality located in infiltrated classified zone. It would, therefore, be judicious to revise or redefine the phytosanitary recommendations and carry out sensitization and training-follow-up programs for producers in this important cocoa production area of C?te d’Ivoire.

Farmers’ Practices for the Orchard’s Maintenance and Post-Harvest Treatment of Cocoa in Infiltrated Classified and Unclassified Zone of Méagui (South-West, Côte d’Ivoire)

An important part of Ivorian cocoa production comes from infiltrated classified forests. The objective of this study is to investigate orchard maintenance and post-harvest cocoa treatment practices used by cocoa farmers in infiltrated classified and unclassified areas of Méagui. To do this, 110 producers in two localities of the said zone were individually interviewed from February to April 2022, using a declarative questionnaire. It was found that cocoa orchards in the zone are aging. Nearly 68.55% of producers were heirs and 58.33% of those interviewed were under 46 years of age, with an average age of 43 years. Nearly 84.55% of the producers surveyed mainly use chemical insecticides to control the pests of greatest concern in these localities. Regarding the frequency of insecticide treatments, 11.82% of producers make 1 to 2 applications a year, 29.09% make 3 to 5 applications a year, and 43.64% make at least 6 applications a year. The active substances of the most used products belong to 99% of the Neonicotinoid and Pyrethroid families. Regarding cocoa harvesting and post-harvest operations, 93.64% of the producers carry out a single harvest/month;all do the shelling with mini machetes. Beans are fermented mainly in black plastic tarpaulins or in bags, for a period of 3 to 5 days (65.45%). Drying is done almost entirely (91.82%) on the black plastic tarp. This study shows that cocoa farmers in the areas surveyed do not respect the recommendations issued on phytosanitary practices and post-harvest treatment of cocoa. This non-compliance with the standards of good practices prescribed is particularly more accentuated in the locality located in infiltrated classified zone. It would, therefore, be judicious to revise or redefine the phytosanitary recommendations and carry out sensitization and training-follow-up programs for producers in this important cocoa production area of C?te d’Ivoire.

Salvage logging versus natural regeneration post-fire practices in a forest: Soil chemical and microbial aspects

The increase in forest-wildfire events around the world has revived the old debate regarding the practice of salvage logging and its effectiveness in comparison to the unlogged, natural regeneration of burned forests. Since the logging of burned trees may have undesirable outcomes in soil systems, such as soil compaction and nutrient losses, these changes could further cause disturbances to soil microbial-community activity. The aim of this study was to examine chemical and biological changes in soil under two post-fire practices: salvage logging and unlogged, natural regeneration of burned areas, in the recently burned Byria Forest in Israel. Results indicated that salvage logging had a short- lived effect on soil chemical and biological properties that was confined mostly to the first year after logging. Soil moisture was greatly affected by salvage logging, and drier conditions were found in the logged compared to the unlogged burned areas. Moreover, logging had a negative effect on microbial biomass, with reduced biomass in the logged compared to unlogged areas, which was more evident during the first year after fire. These findings support the recommendations in the literature to postpone post-fire practices such as logging or, in turn, to combine the two practices in order to create a mosaic of burned-logged and burned-naturally regenerated areas.

Probe into Post Practice of Normal School Students in Local Universities

As an important measure of educational reform,post practice can not only improve the practical skills of normal university students in education and teaching,but also relieve the pressure of teachers.Based on this,the Questionnaire for Internship Students and the way of stratified sampling with random sampling were used to conduct a questionnaire survey for Internship Students in Sichuan Normal University in this study;and the problems existing in normal students'post practice were analyzed,then some suggestions were proposed to enhance the practicability and effectiveness of the post practice of normal students in Colleges and universities.

Impacts of Field Harvesting and Conservation Practices on the Physical Quality of Yam “Kponan” (Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata) of Côte D’Ivoire

Yam “Kponan” (Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata) is a popular staple food in Côte d’Ivoire. However, its rapid decay during conservation prevents regular supply of markets. The objective of this study was therefore to assess the impact of field cultivation and conservation practices on some physical quality parameters of “Kponan”. To this end, “Kponan” yam from three production areas (Bondoukou, Bouna, Kouassi-Kouassikro) was cultivated in each area. At maturity, physical parameters of yams at harvest and after 3 months of storage in field were analyzed. The results showed that injury was the most significant deterioration in yam harvest. The rate of injured yams was highest for hoe-harvested in Kouassi-Kouassikro area (16.67% - 22.22%) regardless of the origin of the cuttings. The main damage observed after the 3 months of storage was rots (22.86% - 60.00%) and weight loss (8.57% - 42.86%). However, yams stored in pits in Bouna zone had less damage (40% - 48.87%) than those stored under straw huts in Bondoukou locality (100%) and at shade under a tree in Kouassi-Kouassikro area (100%). In conclusion, the physical quality of “Kponan” in field is most affected by abusive use of herbicides during weeding and clearing, hoe harvesting and storage in the shade under a tree.

Knowledge and Practices among Nurses Regarding Patients’ Care Following Cardiac Catheterization at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and practices among nurses regarding patient care, following cardiac catheterization, at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality, globally. Nurses are the largest body of health care professionals who attempt to reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases. Design: This study employed a descriptive analytical cross-sectional study design to answer the research questions. Methodology: The data were collected from 70 participants using two instruments. Knowledge was assessed through a 50-multiple-choice questions-based questionnaire, whereas, to assess the practices, an observational checklist was utilized which comprised of 20 components. Findings: The majority of the nurses, 54.3%, had adequate, 40% nurses had inadequate, and only 5.7% nurses had excellent knowledge scores. Moreover, 87.1% nurses were observed as carrying out unsatisfactory practices, whereas, only 12.9% nurses were found carrying out satisfactory practices. Conclusion: Since variation in the practices was observed in each of the department, therefore, there is a need for further research, to assess nurses’ attitudes through a qualitative approach and to develop and implement a standard post-cardiac catheterization care protocol.

日间手术中心护士岗位胜任力的培训实践与成效

目的探讨以岗位胜任力为核心的培训模式在日间手术中心护士培训中的作用。方法选取2023年1—6月重庆医科大学附属第一医院新成立的日间手术中心的14名护士作为培训对象,采用非同期对照法,将2023年1—3月设为培训前,采取传统培训模式;将2023年4—6月设为培训后,以“5W1H”管理理念为指导,制订培训计划,采取多维度内容、多元化形式、多层面师资进行教学实践。同时,培训前后分别选取重庆医科大学附属第一医院日间手术中心的100例患者作为调查对象。对护士培训前后的岗位胜任力、护理质量、患者满意度等进行评价。结果培训后,日间手术中心护士的理论成绩[(82.67±1.87)分]、技能成绩[(86.86±2.83)分]高于培训前[(75.88±1.89)分、(80.61±1.98)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。培训后,日间手术中心护士的专业护理能力、健康教育能力、安全管理能力、沟通协调能力维度得分均高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。培训后,手术患者对日间手术中心护士的专业能力、服务意识、沟通技巧满意度得分及总分高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。培训后,日间手术中心护士的护理质量总分高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论以岗位胜任力为核心的培训模式能够在短期内提高日间手术中心护士的岗位胜任力,并提升护理质量和患者满意度。

走向“超实践美学”——后理论时代中国当代美学建构的第三条道路

实践美学重视以物质生产为中心的实践活动,而后实践美学则采取了一种“去实践化”的举动。实践美学和后实践美学共享着同一种有关实践的理念,即都对实践作了一种非哲学的、社会学化的、历史科学化的理解。20世纪西方的实践哲学和美学转向提出了“审美在何种意义上是一种实践”这个大问题。审美可以是一种实践,但不是实践美学和后实践美学眼中的实践,而是一种奠基在源初的生活世界中的前反思性的现象学意义上的实践。“超实践”不是不要实践,而是回到一种带有原发性的、主客未分状态下的前反思性实践。超实践美学建立在一种崭新的“超实践”观的基础上,是后理论时代中国当代美学建构中出现的一种新的美学形态,是中国当代美学研究的第三条道路。

非意愿妊娠女性人工流产后放置吉妮致美IUD效果

目的:探讨非意愿妊娠女性人工流产后放置吉妮致美宫内节育器(IUD)效果.方法:以2021年7月-2022年7月在本院自愿要求人工流产术的未育女性213例,对实行流产后关爱干预,其中选择IUD避孕103例为观察组,未选择IUD避孕方法110例为对照组,问卷调查比较两组干预前后对人工流产危害的知信行,比较流产后性生活恢复时间,随访1年非意愿妊娠及其妊娠原因、人工流产情况.结果:干预前后两组对人工流产危害性知识理论认知、态度信念、行为能力评分均提升(P<0.05),但两组间无差异;干预后观察组性生活恢复时间(3.7±0.1月)晚于对照组(3.2±0.9月),非意愿妊娠发生(8例,7.8%)低于对照组(24例,21.8%)(P<0.05),两组人工流产(0.9%、1.9%)发生无差异,观察组非意愿妊娠原因均为IUD脱落,对照组为避孕措施失败(11例,45.8%)和未避孕或避孕措施使用不正确(13例,54.2%).结论:吉妮致美IUD对降低人工流产后妇女非意愿妊娠有效,但需要重视IUD脱落率问题.

医护人员临床营养岗位实操能力培训课程构建与应用

目的探讨医护人员临床营养岗位实操能力培训课程构建与应用,为医护人员临床营养的岗位胜任力培训模式提供参考。方法遵循“营养风险筛查—评估—诊断—治疗—监测与调整”规范化临床营养诊疗流程构建培训课程体系。以提高临床营养岗位胜任力为培训目标,对来自湖南省内二级及以上医疗机构共51名培训学员采用理论授课(14个课时)与实践技能培训(7个课时)相结合的培训模式。在培训结束后,通过学员满意度调查和理论考核两种方式进行培训效果评价。结果培训学员满意度调查问卷结果显示总体满意度评分为(97.82±1.52)分,理论考核总成绩为(92.14±6.19)分。同时对考核题型和扣分知识点等具体情况进行分析,发现再喂养综合征、微型营养评定简表、膳食调查、主观整体营养评估以及特殊医学用途配方食品等知识点尚未完全掌握。结论规范化的医护人员临床营养岗位实操能力培训完整的系列课程能有效提高医护人员营养理论知识水平和实操技能,提升临床营养岗位胜任力,该培训模式值得借鉴、推广和应用。

后疫情时代课程思政在基础护理学实践课程中的实施和效果研究

目的:探究后疫情时代课程思政在基础护理学实践课程中的实施效果。方法:2020年9月至12月选择沈阳医学院186名护理专业大学生,随机分为对照组(n=92)和试验组(n=94)。对照组实施传统常规实践教学,试验组在对照组的基础上结合课程思政教学,调查两组护生的职业认同感、学生评价和考核成绩情况。结果:试验组护生职业认同感总分和各维度均高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组的学生评价和考核成绩均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:后疫情时代,在基础护理学实践课程中实施课程思政,有利于提高护生的职业认同感和操作技能水平。

基于临床实践问题培养研究生创新能力的探讨

培养创新型高层次复合型医学人才是目前临床医学研究生教育的重要目标。临床实践是培养学生实际工作能力的重要环节,因此基于临床实践—发现问题—解决问题的科研实验设计对临床医学研究生科研能力的培养至关重要,基于解决临床实践问题的创新引导教学将可能显著提升临床医学研究生科研创新能力。文章对发掘临床实践问题与培养科研创新能力的脱钩原因进行剖析,对发掘临床实践问题与培养临床医学研究生科研创新能力的新型引导教学模式的研究进展进行综述,探讨应对策略及措施,以期为临床医学研究生的科研素质培养提供新思路。

生命美学不属于后实践美学

本文完全不涉及对于后实践美学(时期、思潮)的任何评价,仅仅是想在学术史上进行澄清:生命美学并不属于后实践美学(时期、思潮)。从发表的时间来看,生命美学的文章比后实践美学(时期、思潮)的文章早了9年,生命美学的专著比后实践美学(时期、思潮)的专著早了17年。如果要把早于后实践美学(时期、思潮)的生命美学纳入后实践美学(时期、思潮)的麾下,无疑会导致“关公战秦琼”之类的尴尬。学术史的研究,应该尊重发表先后的事实。如果中国当代美学史研究不符合历史原样,就会显得极不严肃。对于中国当代美学史的真实图景而言,这种做法是极不合适的。

研究生高级生物化学课程教学模式改革与实践

该文分析目前烟台大学高级生物化学课程教学的现状和存在问题,在作者多年高级生物化学课程教学与实践的基础上,就课程的教学模式和教学手段等做重新设计和改进。经过教学实践检验,新的教学模式在提高研究生知识水平和多方面能力培养方面具有明显效果,并被绝大部分学生喜欢和肯定。今后还将不断总结经验,完善改革成果,为提高课程的教学质量和高层次人才培养水平而不懈努力。

“岗课赛证”融通的高职数字营销教学模式研究

随着数字经济的崛起,高职教育在数字营销领域面临着新的挑战和机遇。“岗课赛证”融通的教学模式,为培养具备实际工作能力和创新创业精神的数字营销人才打下坚实基础。但现阶段高职院校“岗课赛证”融通的教学模式存在着课程体系与实际需求脱节、实践教学短缺、师资力量不足、评价机制不够完善等问题,为此,高职院校应以“岗课赛证”融通为核心理念,将实际岗位需求与课程设计、竞赛以及证书评定相融合,构建一种全面、实用的数字营销教学模式,以提升学生在数字营销领域的综合能力。

高职化工类专业“虚实交替、四岗递进”实践教学体系的研究

石油和化学工业在国家能源发展战略下,进入产业升级改造的高质量发展阶段,对高职化工类专业人才规格的要求发生转变。应对此新变化,聚焦“新工科”专业内涵,结合化工产业生产过程的特点,调查研究和比对、“联网”改革实践教学内容、“联动”模式建立实习基地、科学把握五大要素,构建了相对较为独立的高职化工类专业“虚实交替、四岗递进”实践教学体系,并联合同类职业院校推广应用和实践研究。经过两年实践,成效显著,增强了人才就业竞争力、激发了创新创业思维,同时可进一步提升实践教学条件建设水平,促使教师队伍工业化建设,为高职化工类专业人才培养、提高人才培养质量提供借鉴。

“岗课赛证”融通下“国际贸易实务”课程教学改革与实践研究

实行“岗课证赛”综合育人是推进新时代职业教育高质量发展的重要举措,也是创新人才培养模式、深化产教融合的重要载体。“国际贸易实务”课程教学团队以岗课赛证融通为途径,对课程教学进行改革,重新进行教学设计,并通过优化师资队伍,丰富教学资源,完善实训设施,拓展校外实训基地,保障课程教学改革的有效实施,旨在解决“专业脱离职业、教学脱离实际、学生脱离岗位”的教学痛点。实践成效表明,课程教学改革后学生学习效果显著提升,学生对专业知识能够学以致用,职业能力和职业素养都得到了提升,增强了职业适应性,能够更好地胜任外贸相关岗位。

基于“1+X”证书的护理专业“岗课赛证”融通实训课程体系探究

“1+X”证书制度是为充分适应当前职业教育改革需要而出现的,在高职院校护理专业发展过程中,由于该专业具有极强的实践性,在教学活动开展过程中,需要将实践教学贯穿在教学活动的始终,因此基于“1+X”证书制度来建立护理专业“岗课赛证”融通实训课程体系以满足技能型人才培养的需要。该文对目前高职院校护理专业“岗课赛证”融通实训教学现状进行探究,分析目前相关教学活动开展过程中面临的制约因素,在此基础上提出“岗课赛证”融通实训课程体系构建的策略助力高职院校护理专业教学改革的持续推进。

U-D-S伙伴协作对我国实习支教的启示

U-D-S伙伴协作是西方发达国家近30年来着力推进的综合性教育改革范式。它倡导以"教师赋权"、"民主协商"、"互惠共生"等变革理念来重建大学、地方、学校之间的关系,主张三者通过伙伴式的携手合作,为学校改进、教师成长和学生进步共同营造"高挑战、高支持"的发展环境。对我国实习支教而言,可从提升教师主体地位、强化基地建设、改变价值取向等层面来借鉴汲取U-D-S伙伴协作的理论精华。