Syphilis and HIV are amongst the world’s most widespread diseases, particularly in low-income countries. Syphilis and HIV infections during pregnancy have been associated with numerous adverse pregnancy outcomes. Of ...Syphilis and HIV are amongst the world’s most widespread diseases, particularly in low-income countries. Syphilis and HIV infections during pregnancy have been associated with numerous adverse pregnancy outcomes. Of concern now are the rising rates of congenital syphilis and HIV in Cameroon. Cameroon only mandates testing pregnant women for syphilis and HIV during their first ANC visit. This study was aimed at determining the incidence of new syphilis and HIV infections and factors associated with pregnant women who previously tested negative during their first ANC visit. A cohort design was used, where 335 pregnant women were followed up for a period from December 2019 to August 2020. A blood sample was drawn and the serum was analyzed using the WANTAI ELISA and AIDTM HIV 1 + 2 Ag/Ab ELISAPlus test methods for syphilis and HIV respectively at three intervals. A questionnaire was used to identify risk factors. Data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0. Out of the 335 pregnant women who were followed up during this study, 49 (14.6%) were later diagnosed with syphilis (32 in 2<sup>nd</sup> trimester and 17 in 3<sup>rd</sup> trimester). 54 (16.1%) were diagnosed with HIV infection (13 at two months post-1<sup>st</sup>-trimester visit, 23 in the 2<sup>nd</sup> trimester and 18 in the 3rd trimester). Lastly, 10 (2%) were co-infected with syphilis and HIV of which 8 occurred during 2<sup>nd</sup> trimester and 2 in the 3<sup>rd</sup> trimester. The factors associated with contracting new syphilis infections include;younger age group aOR (1.302, 95% CI), leaving in an urban area aOR (3.158, 95% CI), lower level of education (Primary and no formal) with aOR of (9.055, 95% CI) (P = 0.001) and (6.764, 95% CI) (P = 0.006) respectively, inadequate knowledge on the diseases aOR (2.176, 95% CI), women unaware of their partner status aOR (3.190, 95% CI). Most factors associated with contracting new HIV infections were similar to the factors associated with contracting new syphilis infections post 1<sup>st</sup> ANC visit aOR (1.174, 95% CI) and pregnant women with more than one sexual partner aOR (7.342, 95% CI) were observed for HIV infection.. There is an increased incidence of new infection of syphilis and HIV post first ANC screening in the Buea Health District, Cameroon. The need for constant education on the identifiable factors and these diseases, and screening during every ANC visit irrespective of their previous laboratory results is warranted.展开更多
This meta-synthesis presents the results of qualitative studies on puerperal perception concerning woman’s care in the post-partum period. Four databases were researched using keywords such as “postnatal care” (or)...This meta-synthesis presents the results of qualitative studies on puerperal perception concerning woman’s care in the post-partum period. Four databases were researched using keywords such as “postnatal care” (or) “postpartum period”, (and) “care”, “women”, “perception”, “qualitative research”, “women’s health services”, “community health services”, “allied health personnel”, “primary health care”, resulting in 9 articles for analysis. Six themes were identified: interpersonal relationship, information, communication, attending the necessities, service organization and other supports. Results report mainly on the unsatisfactory professional care for women, appreciating the form of dealing with promptness and the timing to be attended;trust;content, coherence and the way to inform;clarification of doubts;friendly conversation and clinical assistance. The professional workload was restricted on postpartum period care quality. There were gaps found in clinical practice and in dialogical communication and information on women’s health necessities.展开更多
As a result of 30 years of an internal armed conflict, women and children not only lost male relatives in struggle, but comprised of the displaced. Most of the households in Sri Lanka are now headed exclusively by wom...As a result of 30 years of an internal armed conflict, women and children not only lost male relatives in struggle, but comprised of the displaced. Most of the households in Sri Lanka are now headed exclusively by women. The micro finance institutions help the poor people in effective ways in order to generate income to enhance their standard of living in the rural areas. This study focuses on women entrepreneurship development through micro credit programme under post war development in Jaffna District selecting four rural areas which are Kopay, Chavakachcheri, Varani and Kodikamam. The main objective of this study is to identify the linkage with micro credit programmes and entrepreneurship development. Further it has an objective to identify the impact of micro credit on entrepreneurship development. The information has been gathered by primary data which has been distributed through the close ended questionnaire to the rural women in the above selected areas and seventy seven （77） responded out of 100. The relation between the micro credit programmes and women entrepreneurship development is examined using Statistical Package for Social Sciences （SPSS）. It is concluded that the Entrepreneurship development has a significant relationship （p〈0.05） with the microcredit programme and its impact on entrepreneurship development is crucial. It is suggested that the microcredit facilities are essential in women entrepreneurship development under post war development.展开更多
目的调查绝经后女性肌少症的患病情况及运动习惯,分析规律运动习惯及对绝经后女性肌少症的影响。方法招募绝经后女性363名,调查其一般人口学资料、月经、疾病、营养及运动习惯,并测试其身高、体质量、身体质量指数(bone mass index,BMI...目的调查绝经后女性肌少症的患病情况及运动习惯,分析规律运动习惯及对绝经后女性肌少症的影响。方法招募绝经后女性363名,调查其一般人口学资料、月经、疾病、营养及运动习惯,并测试其身高、体质量、身体质量指数(bone mass index,BMI)及腰臀比;依据2019年亚洲肌少症诊断标准对肌少症进行诊断。采用二元Logistic回归分析规律运动习惯与肌少症的关系。结果年龄、BMI、绝经年龄、绝经年限、患有骨质疏松症以及规律运动均为绝经后女性肌少症的显著影响因素(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,在调整混杂因素后,有规律运动习惯者肌少症患病风险显著降低(OR=0.259,95%CI:0.120~0.560,P=0.001);不同运动持续年限间肌少症的患病风险存在差异(OR=0.359,95%CI:0.159~0.797,P=0.012;OR=0.137,95%CI:0.044~0.428,P=0.001;OR=0.069,95%CI:0.008~0.595,P=0.015)。结论规律运动习惯是绝经后女性肌少症的主要保护因素,坚持规律运动习惯的时间越长,肌少症的患病风险越低,与所采用的运动方式、每次运动时长以及每周运动次数无关。展开更多
目的探讨生殖因素与绝经后女性骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCFs)的关系。方法收集2018年1月至2022年5月在山西白求恩医院住院治疗的绝经后女性骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者(n=210)为骨折组...目的探讨生殖因素与绝经后女性骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCFs)的关系。方法收集2018年1月至2022年5月在山西白求恩医院住院治疗的绝经后女性骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者(n=210)为骨折组,以骨折组为标准,按年龄配对,收集对照组(n=282)。分析骨折组临床表现、骨折部位,比较两组研究对象的一般资料、生化指标、腰椎骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)。用双能X线吸收测量仪(dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,DXA)测量腰椎椎体L1-L4 BMD,用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价腰椎BMD及T值对两组受试者分类效果,得出临界值。采用二分类Logistic回归分析与绝经后女性OVCFs有关的生殖因素。结果骨折组主诉有OVCFs临床表现的患者共141例(占OVCFs总数的67.1%),骨折部位以胸12椎体最多(60例,占OVCFs总数的28.5%),与非OVCFs女性相比,身高、体质量、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、骨密度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);DXA测得腰椎骨密度T值评估OVCFs的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)值为0.76,最佳分类界值为-2.215,敏感度为0.762,特异度为0.338。根据腰椎骨密度测定值评估OVCFs的AUC值为0.753,最佳分类界值为0.922,敏感度为0.745,特异度为0.657。二元Logistic回归分析显示:生殖维持年限短(OR=0.387,95%CI:0.212~0.708,P<0.05)、绝经年龄早(OR=0.244,95%CI:0.139~0.428,P<0.05)、哺乳时间短(OR=0.736,95%CI:0.597~0.908,P<0.05)是绝经后女性OVCFs的危险因素。结论哺乳时间和生育年限短,绝经年龄早会促进绝经后女性OVCFs的发生,临床工作中需关注这些危险因素。展开更多
目的探讨骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、骨面积与绝经后妇女椎体骨折发生的相关性。方法回顾分析980例绝经后妇女临床病例资料,486例(46~98岁)有椎体压缩性骨折为骨折组,494例(49~94岁)无椎体压缩性骨折为对照组。两组均记录双能X...目的探讨骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、骨面积与绝经后妇女椎体骨折发生的相关性。方法回顾分析980例绝经后妇女临床病例资料,486例(46~98岁)有椎体压缩性骨折为骨折组,494例(49~94岁)无椎体压缩性骨折为对照组。两组均记录双能X线吸收测量仪(dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,DXA)检测的腰椎和股骨近端BMD、骨面积数据;使用Logistic回归模型分析椎体骨折发生、椎体骨折数目与各临床因素间关系;不同部位BMD及骨面积预测骨折的精确性采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析,使用χ2检验比较两组间骨质疏松症检出率。结果椎体骨折组,身高、体质量、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)及绝经年龄均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且腰椎BMD、腰椎面积及近端股骨BMD显著低于对照组(P<0.001)。腰椎BMD与是否发生椎体骨折及椎体骨折数关联性最高,其次为股骨大转子BMD。校正BMI后,腰椎BMD每下降1个标准差,发生椎体骨折与椎体骨折数增加的RR分别为2.76(95%CI:2.22~3.42)和2.59(95%CI:2.15~3.13);股骨大转子BMD每下降1个标准差,发生椎体骨折与椎体骨折数增加的RR分别为1.62(95%CI:1.30~2.01)和1.81(95%CI:1.50~2.19)。不同部位BMD预测骨折的准确性为0.682~0.776,而不同部位骨面积预测骨折的准确性为0.455~0.596。根据腰椎、全髋部、股骨颈以及股骨大转子的BMD,骨折组骨质疏松症的诊断率分别为46.2%、39.9%、40.7%和31.1%。结论腰椎和股骨大转子部位BMD是绝经后妇女椎体骨折最重要的预测因素,腰椎及股骨近端面积预测椎体骨折的作用较小。展开更多
This systematic literature review examines the impact of breast cancer treatment experiences, with a focus on mastectomy, on the psychosocial well-being of women. While previous studies have shown that mastectomy is a...This systematic literature review examines the impact of breast cancer treatment experiences, with a focus on mastectomy, on the psychosocial well-being of women. While previous studies have shown that mastectomy is associated with negative psychological outcomes such as anxiety, depression, and a loss of femininity, a new body of literature suggests that it can also be a catalyst for post-traumatic growth and personal transformation. The article argues that mastectomy experiences can initiate an individuation process that leads to a more empowered sense of self and a higher quality of life. The review identified 25 studies that employed qualitative methods and analyzed data from interviews, focus groups, and surveys. The article discusses the application of Jung’s individuation theory to categorize the experiences of women with breast cancer and links breast cancer diagnosis and treatment to the death-experience stage of the theory. The content highlights the importance of movement, contemplation, and spirituality in the healing process, and how they can help women connect with their bodies and develop a new sense of identity. Additionally, the content discusses the role of spirituality in enhancing growth and healing among indigenous native women patients with breast cancer. Overall, this article provides insights into how breast cancer treatment experiences can shape women’s identity, enhance resilience, and provide opportunities for personal growth and transformation.展开更多
文摘Syphilis and HIV are amongst the world’s most widespread diseases, particularly in low-income countries. Syphilis and HIV infections during pregnancy have been associated with numerous adverse pregnancy outcomes. Of concern now are the rising rates of congenital syphilis and HIV in Cameroon. Cameroon only mandates testing pregnant women for syphilis and HIV during their first ANC visit. This study was aimed at determining the incidence of new syphilis and HIV infections and factors associated with pregnant women who previously tested negative during their first ANC visit. A cohort design was used, where 335 pregnant women were followed up for a period from December 2019 to August 2020. A blood sample was drawn and the serum was analyzed using the WANTAI ELISA and AIDTM HIV 1 + 2 Ag/Ab ELISAPlus test methods for syphilis and HIV respectively at three intervals. A questionnaire was used to identify risk factors. Data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0. Out of the 335 pregnant women who were followed up during this study, 49 (14.6%) were later diagnosed with syphilis (32 in 2<sup>nd</sup> trimester and 17 in 3<sup>rd</sup> trimester). 54 (16.1%) were diagnosed with HIV infection (13 at two months post-1<sup>st</sup>-trimester visit, 23 in the 2<sup>nd</sup> trimester and 18 in the 3rd trimester). Lastly, 10 (2%) were co-infected with syphilis and HIV of which 8 occurred during 2<sup>nd</sup> trimester and 2 in the 3<sup>rd</sup> trimester. The factors associated with contracting new syphilis infections include;younger age group aOR (1.302, 95% CI), leaving in an urban area aOR (3.158, 95% CI), lower level of education (Primary and no formal) with aOR of (9.055, 95% CI) (P = 0.001) and (6.764, 95% CI) (P = 0.006) respectively, inadequate knowledge on the diseases aOR (2.176, 95% CI), women unaware of their partner status aOR (3.190, 95% CI). Most factors associated with contracting new HIV infections were similar to the factors associated with contracting new syphilis infections post 1<sup>st</sup> ANC visit aOR (1.174, 95% CI) and pregnant women with more than one sexual partner aOR (7.342, 95% CI) were observed for HIV infection.. There is an increased incidence of new infection of syphilis and HIV post first ANC screening in the Buea Health District, Cameroon. The need for constant education on the identifiable factors and these diseases, and screening during every ANC visit irrespective of their previous laboratory results is warranted.
文摘This meta-synthesis presents the results of qualitative studies on puerperal perception concerning woman’s care in the post-partum period. Four databases were researched using keywords such as “postnatal care” (or) “postpartum period”, (and) “care”, “women”, “perception”, “qualitative research”, “women’s health services”, “community health services”, “allied health personnel”, “primary health care”, resulting in 9 articles for analysis. Six themes were identified: interpersonal relationship, information, communication, attending the necessities, service organization and other supports. Results report mainly on the unsatisfactory professional care for women, appreciating the form of dealing with promptness and the timing to be attended;trust;content, coherence and the way to inform;clarification of doubts;friendly conversation and clinical assistance. The professional workload was restricted on postpartum period care quality. There were gaps found in clinical practice and in dialogical communication and information on women’s health necessities.
文摘As a result of 30 years of an internal armed conflict, women and children not only lost male relatives in struggle, but comprised of the displaced. Most of the households in Sri Lanka are now headed exclusively by women. The micro finance institutions help the poor people in effective ways in order to generate income to enhance their standard of living in the rural areas. This study focuses on women entrepreneurship development through micro credit programme under post war development in Jaffna District selecting four rural areas which are Kopay, Chavakachcheri, Varani and Kodikamam. The main objective of this study is to identify the linkage with micro credit programmes and entrepreneurship development. Further it has an objective to identify the impact of micro credit on entrepreneurship development. The information has been gathered by primary data which has been distributed through the close ended questionnaire to the rural women in the above selected areas and seventy seven （77） responded out of 100. The relation between the micro credit programmes and women entrepreneurship development is examined using Statistical Package for Social Sciences （SPSS）. It is concluded that the Entrepreneurship development has a significant relationship （p〈0.05） with the microcredit programme and its impact on entrepreneurship development is crucial. It is suggested that the microcredit facilities are essential in women entrepreneurship development under post war development.
文摘目的调查绝经后女性肌少症的患病情况及运动习惯,分析规律运动习惯及对绝经后女性肌少症的影响。方法招募绝经后女性363名,调查其一般人口学资料、月经、疾病、营养及运动习惯,并测试其身高、体质量、身体质量指数(bone mass index,BMI)及腰臀比;依据2019年亚洲肌少症诊断标准对肌少症进行诊断。采用二元Logistic回归分析规律运动习惯与肌少症的关系。结果年龄、BMI、绝经年龄、绝经年限、患有骨质疏松症以及规律运动均为绝经后女性肌少症的显著影响因素(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,在调整混杂因素后,有规律运动习惯者肌少症患病风险显著降低(OR=0.259,95%CI:0.120~0.560,P=0.001);不同运动持续年限间肌少症的患病风险存在差异(OR=0.359,95%CI:0.159~0.797,P=0.012;OR=0.137,95%CI:0.044~0.428,P=0.001;OR=0.069,95%CI:0.008~0.595,P=0.015)。结论规律运动习惯是绝经后女性肌少症的主要保护因素,坚持规律运动习惯的时间越长,肌少症的患病风险越低,与所采用的运动方式、每次运动时长以及每周运动次数无关。
文摘目的探讨生殖因素与绝经后女性骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCFs)的关系。方法收集2018年1月至2022年5月在山西白求恩医院住院治疗的绝经后女性骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者(n=210)为骨折组,以骨折组为标准,按年龄配对,收集对照组(n=282)。分析骨折组临床表现、骨折部位,比较两组研究对象的一般资料、生化指标、腰椎骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)。用双能X线吸收测量仪(dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,DXA)测量腰椎椎体L1-L4 BMD,用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价腰椎BMD及T值对两组受试者分类效果,得出临界值。采用二分类Logistic回归分析与绝经后女性OVCFs有关的生殖因素。结果骨折组主诉有OVCFs临床表现的患者共141例(占OVCFs总数的67.1%),骨折部位以胸12椎体最多(60例,占OVCFs总数的28.5%),与非OVCFs女性相比,身高、体质量、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、骨密度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);DXA测得腰椎骨密度T值评估OVCFs的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)值为0.76,最佳分类界值为-2.215,敏感度为0.762,特异度为0.338。根据腰椎骨密度测定值评估OVCFs的AUC值为0.753,最佳分类界值为0.922,敏感度为0.745,特异度为0.657。二元Logistic回归分析显示:生殖维持年限短(OR=0.387,95%CI:0.212~0.708,P<0.05)、绝经年龄早(OR=0.244,95%CI:0.139~0.428,P<0.05)、哺乳时间短(OR=0.736,95%CI:0.597~0.908,P<0.05)是绝经后女性OVCFs的危险因素。结论哺乳时间和生育年限短,绝经年龄早会促进绝经后女性OVCFs的发生,临床工作中需关注这些危险因素。
文摘目的探讨骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、骨面积与绝经后妇女椎体骨折发生的相关性。方法回顾分析980例绝经后妇女临床病例资料,486例(46~98岁)有椎体压缩性骨折为骨折组,494例(49~94岁)无椎体压缩性骨折为对照组。两组均记录双能X线吸收测量仪(dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,DXA)检测的腰椎和股骨近端BMD、骨面积数据;使用Logistic回归模型分析椎体骨折发生、椎体骨折数目与各临床因素间关系;不同部位BMD及骨面积预测骨折的精确性采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析,使用χ2检验比较两组间骨质疏松症检出率。结果椎体骨折组,身高、体质量、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)及绝经年龄均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且腰椎BMD、腰椎面积及近端股骨BMD显著低于对照组(P<0.001)。腰椎BMD与是否发生椎体骨折及椎体骨折数关联性最高,其次为股骨大转子BMD。校正BMI后,腰椎BMD每下降1个标准差,发生椎体骨折与椎体骨折数增加的RR分别为2.76(95%CI:2.22~3.42)和2.59(95%CI:2.15~3.13);股骨大转子BMD每下降1个标准差,发生椎体骨折与椎体骨折数增加的RR分别为1.62(95%CI:1.30~2.01)和1.81(95%CI:1.50~2.19)。不同部位BMD预测骨折的准确性为0.682~0.776,而不同部位骨面积预测骨折的准确性为0.455~0.596。根据腰椎、全髋部、股骨颈以及股骨大转子的BMD,骨折组骨质疏松症的诊断率分别为46.2%、39.9%、40.7%和31.1%。结论腰椎和股骨大转子部位BMD是绝经后妇女椎体骨折最重要的预测因素,腰椎及股骨近端面积预测椎体骨折的作用较小。
文摘This systematic literature review examines the impact of breast cancer treatment experiences, with a focus on mastectomy, on the psychosocial well-being of women. While previous studies have shown that mastectomy is associated with negative psychological outcomes such as anxiety, depression, and a loss of femininity, a new body of literature suggests that it can also be a catalyst for post-traumatic growth and personal transformation. The article argues that mastectomy experiences can initiate an individuation process that leads to a more empowered sense of self and a higher quality of life. The review identified 25 studies that employed qualitative methods and analyzed data from interviews, focus groups, and surveys. The article discusses the application of Jung’s individuation theory to categorize the experiences of women with breast cancer and links breast cancer diagnosis and treatment to the death-experience stage of the theory. The content highlights the importance of movement, contemplation, and spirituality in the healing process, and how they can help women connect with their bodies and develop a new sense of identity. Additionally, the content discusses the role of spirituality in enhancing growth and healing among indigenous native women patients with breast cancer. Overall, this article provides insights into how breast cancer treatment experiences can shape women’s identity, enhance resilience, and provide opportunities for personal growth and transformation.
