Based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, the UNFCCC has different requirements on national GHG inventories submitted by Annex I and non-Annex I parties. Since 2007, the transparency of mit...Based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, the UNFCCC has different requirements on national GHG inventories submitted by Annex I and non-Annex I parties. Since 2007, the transparency of mitigation actions by developing countries, the submission frequency of national communications cored on national inventory and the relevant international consultation and analysis have become the key issues in climate negotiations. Relevant responsibilities of developing countries showed an increasing trend. Through the analysis of these different requirements, particularly on technical review system of national inventories on developed countries and of the current situation of China's inventory development, the challenges faced by China are identified and the corresponding countermeasures are also put forward, including improving institutional arrangements and statistic system, building country-specific and comprehensive database and preparing for time-series inventory development.展开更多
In global climate change politics,China and India have worked closely with each other,representing two big emitters from the developing world.This article reviews Sino-Indian cooperation during four UN climate change ...In global climate change politics,China and India have worked closely with each other,representing two big emitters from the developing world.This article reviews Sino-Indian cooperation during four UN climate change negotiations from 2009 to 2012.Their collaboration echoed the perception of neorealism in international relations(IR) studies that states will seek "external balancing" for maximizing national "relative gains".China and India are expected to continue their cooperation on climate change issues when sharing the same structural position as big economies and big emitters,the same pressure in carbon emission reductions,and the same goal of improving living standards for their citizens.Encountering the devastating impacts of climate change and the deadlock in responsibility division in current global climate change governance,this work seeks to shed light on the evolving multilateral governance environment and its complex implications for Sino-Indian relations from an IR perspective.展开更多
The objective of this paper is to generate insights into the role of states in the international climate change negotiations and implementation of climatic agreements by considering their internal factors based on rec...The objective of this paper is to generate insights into the role of states in the international climate change negotiations and implementation of climatic agreements by considering their internal factors based on recent climate change conferences. In this paper, the notion of swing states and recognition are used to determine influential drivers in Poland as it played out a different role over climate change agreements recently. The case study of Poland demonstrates how international obligations, domestic factors, and formation of policy can change the function of a state at international negotiations such as Katowice Conference of Parties—COP24—in December 2018. This research through reference to qualitative indices elaborates how the position of Poland in the recent international climate change negotiations—Cop24—has been shaped? In the conference of parties 24, Poland approached other developed countries that shared its tendency for cutting emission, delivered signals of political attention and solidarity in finding a common landing ground. In sum, the framework of analysis and our results revealed the importance of economic interest, domestic political interests, and passive public awareness to set up to the task in the international agreements such as Katowice negotiation by Poland. To be clearer, the most influential factor of Poland in affecting its role in international climatic negotiations is internal political and economic interests.展开更多
Consensus and disagreements between China and the U.S.are the key factors influencing the direction that global climate negotiation is heading for.By taking into account the uncertainties of temperature increment and ...Consensus and disagreements between China and the U.S.are the key factors influencing the direction that global climate negotiation is heading for.By taking into account the uncertainties of temperature increment and its impact on GDP growth,together with the positive,negative and spillover effects of climate change investment on utility,a strategic simulation model including China and the U.S.is developed.Based on utility and game theory,a sensitivity analysis is conducted.The results show that the first-mover disadvantage exists in the game,and the scale of each country’s climate change investment under non-cooperative scenario is too small to ensure the 2?C target.To guarantee the stability and win-win basis for global cooperation,the simulation results also indicate that it makes sense to assist and compensate technology transfer and funding to China.展开更多
In essence, international climate negotiation is a serious and responsible global effort, despite various conflicts, to establish a rational international climate regime. In essence, tackling climate changes is leadin...In essence, international climate negotiation is a serious and responsible global effort, despite various conflicts, to establish a rational international climate regime. In essence, tackling climate changes is leading the globe to actualize sustainable development of all humankind along the low-carbon, green, and cyclic-development path. Thus, climate negotiation should be driving all parties to achieve a global climate regime arrangement in a constructive way. Therefore, this paper suggests focusing on the following three major recommendations: early developed countries take the lead in committing positively to absolute emission reduction; the developing countries contribute according to their abilities and stages of development; the developed countries perform real deeds using their funds and technology. Based on substantial breakthrough that would be made, progressive supplement and improvement could be accomplished through the mechanism of review and adjustment under the Convention framework. This path represents a combination of bottom-up and top-down. The ultimate way out of international climate negotiation lies in win-win cooperation. Profound reasons for China to participate proactively and practically in international climate negotiation,based on its actual conditions, are the internal wants and needs of its scientific and sustainable development, as well as the undertaking of international responsibilities as a responsible, large, developing country.展开更多
A novel two-level hierarchical graph model is developed to analyze international climate change negotiations with hierarchical structures:the negotiations take place between two nations and between each nation and its...A novel two-level hierarchical graph model is developed to analyze international climate change negotiations with hierarchical structures:the negotiations take place between two nations and between each nation and its provincial governments.The two national government are two decision makers at the top level.Within each nation,the two provincial governments negotiate with the national government at the lower level.The theoretical structure of this novel model,including decision makers,options,moves,and preference relations,are developed.The interrelationship between the stabilities in the two-level hierarchical graph model and the stabilities in local models are investigated by theorems.These theorems can be utilized to calculate complete stabilities in the two-level hierarchical graph model when the stabilities in local graph models are known.The international climate change negotiations as the illustrative example is then investigated in detail.The extra equilibrium,uniquely obtained by this novel methodology,suggests that opposition may still be from one provincial government when the national government does not sign the international climate agreement and implements existing environmental laws.Compared with other approaches,this novel methodology is an effective and flexible tool in analyzing hierarchical conflicts at two levels by providing decision makers with strategic resolutions with broader vision.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program (No.2012BAC20B02)
文摘Based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, the UNFCCC has different requirements on national GHG inventories submitted by Annex I and non-Annex I parties. Since 2007, the transparency of mitigation actions by developing countries, the submission frequency of national communications cored on national inventory and the relevant international consultation and analysis have become the key issues in climate negotiations. Relevant responsibilities of developing countries showed an increasing trend. Through the analysis of these different requirements, particularly on technical review system of national inventories on developed countries and of the current situation of China's inventory development, the challenges faced by China are identified and the corresponding countermeasures are also put forward, including improving institutional arrangements and statistic system, building country-specific and comprehensive database and preparing for time-series inventory development.
文摘In global climate change politics,China and India have worked closely with each other,representing two big emitters from the developing world.This article reviews Sino-Indian cooperation during four UN climate change negotiations from 2009 to 2012.Their collaboration echoed the perception of neorealism in international relations(IR) studies that states will seek "external balancing" for maximizing national "relative gains".China and India are expected to continue their cooperation on climate change issues when sharing the same structural position as big economies and big emitters,the same pressure in carbon emission reductions,and the same goal of improving living standards for their citizens.Encountering the devastating impacts of climate change and the deadlock in responsibility division in current global climate change governance,this work seeks to shed light on the evolving multilateral governance environment and its complex implications for Sino-Indian relations from an IR perspective.
文摘The objective of this paper is to generate insights into the role of states in the international climate change negotiations and implementation of climatic agreements by considering their internal factors based on recent climate change conferences. In this paper, the notion of swing states and recognition are used to determine influential drivers in Poland as it played out a different role over climate change agreements recently. The case study of Poland demonstrates how international obligations, domestic factors, and formation of policy can change the function of a state at international negotiations such as Katowice Conference of Parties—COP24—in December 2018. This research through reference to qualitative indices elaborates how the position of Poland in the recent international climate change negotiations—Cop24—has been shaped? In the conference of parties 24, Poland approached other developed countries that shared its tendency for cutting emission, delivered signals of political attention and solidarity in finding a common landing ground. In sum, the framework of analysis and our results revealed the importance of economic interest, domestic political interests, and passive public awareness to set up to the task in the international agreements such as Katowice negotiation by Poland. To be clearer, the most influential factor of Poland in affecting its role in international climatic negotiations is internal political and economic interests.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation(No.71273153)the National Key Technology R&D Program(No.2012BAC20B04)
文摘Consensus and disagreements between China and the U.S.are the key factors influencing the direction that global climate negotiation is heading for.By taking into account the uncertainties of temperature increment and its impact on GDP growth,together with the positive,negative and spillover effects of climate change investment on utility,a strategic simulation model including China and the U.S.is developed.Based on utility and game theory,a sensitivity analysis is conducted.The results show that the first-mover disadvantage exists in the game,and the scale of each country’s climate change investment under non-cooperative scenario is too small to ensure the 2?C target.To guarantee the stability and win-win basis for global cooperation,the simulation results also indicate that it makes sense to assist and compensate technology transfer and funding to China.
文摘In essence, international climate negotiation is a serious and responsible global effort, despite various conflicts, to establish a rational international climate regime. In essence, tackling climate changes is leading the globe to actualize sustainable development of all humankind along the low-carbon, green, and cyclic-development path. Thus, climate negotiation should be driving all parties to achieve a global climate regime arrangement in a constructive way. Therefore, this paper suggests focusing on the following three major recommendations: early developed countries take the lead in committing positively to absolute emission reduction; the developing countries contribute according to their abilities and stages of development; the developed countries perform real deeds using their funds and technology. Based on substantial breakthrough that would be made, progressive supplement and improvement could be accomplished through the mechanism of review and adjustment under the Convention framework. This path represents a combination of bottom-up and top-down. The ultimate way out of international climate negotiation lies in win-win cooperation. Profound reasons for China to participate proactively and practically in international climate negotiation,based on its actual conditions, are the internal wants and needs of its scientific and sustainable development, as well as the undertaking of international responsibilities as a responsible, large, developing country.
基金The authors would like to thank the anonymous referees for carefully reading this paper and having provided meaningful suggestions which helped improve the quality of paper.This paper should be dedicated to Dr.Ye Chen who was a coauthor and passed away in June,2019.This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71601096,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No.2019M661838,the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(China)under Grant No.NS2020061,and the Natural Science Young Scholar Foundation of Jiangsu,China,under Grant No.BK20160809.
文摘A novel two-level hierarchical graph model is developed to analyze international climate change negotiations with hierarchical structures:the negotiations take place between two nations and between each nation and its provincial governments.The two national government are two decision makers at the top level.Within each nation,the two provincial governments negotiate with the national government at the lower level.The theoretical structure of this novel model,including decision makers,options,moves,and preference relations,are developed.The interrelationship between the stabilities in the two-level hierarchical graph model and the stabilities in local models are investigated by theorems.These theorems can be utilized to calculate complete stabilities in the two-level hierarchical graph model when the stabilities in local graph models are known.The international climate change negotiations as the illustrative example is then investigated in detail.The extra equilibrium,uniquely obtained by this novel methodology,suggests that opposition may still be from one provincial government when the national government does not sign the international climate agreement and implements existing environmental laws.Compared with other approaches,this novel methodology is an effective and flexible tool in analyzing hierarchical conflicts at two levels by providing decision makers with strategic resolutions with broader vision.
