Comparative analysis of breast and lung cancer survival rates and clinical trial enrollments among rural and urban patients in Georgia

Objectives:Rural patients have poor cancer outcomes and clinical trial(CT)enrollment compared to urban patients due to attitudinal,awareness,and healthcare access differential.Knowledge of cancer survival disparities and CT enrollment is important for designing interventions and innovative approaches to address the stated barriers.The study explores the potential disparities in cancer survival rates and clinical trial enrollments in rural and urban breast and lung cancer patients.Our hypotheses are that for both cancer types,urban cancer patients will have longer 5-year survival rates and higher enrollment rates in clinical trials than those in rural counties.Methods:We compared breast and lung cancer patients’survival rates and enrollment ratios in clinical trials between rural(RUCC 4-9)and urban counties in Georgia at a Comprehensive Cancer Center(CCC).To assess these differences,we carried out a series of independent samples t-tests and Chi-Square tests.Results:The outcomes indicate comparable 5-year survival rates across rural and urban counties for breast and lung cancer patients,failing to substantiate our hypothesis.While clinical trial enrollment rates demonstrated a significant difference between breast and lung cancer patients at CCC,no significant variation was observed based on rural or urban classification.Conclusion:These findings underscore the need for further research into the representation of rural patients with diverse cancer types at CCC and other cancer centers.Further,the findings have considerable implications for the initiation of positive social change to improve CT participation and reduce cancer survival disparities.

The Impact of Demographics and Cultural Tourism on University Enrollments in Calabria, Italy

The decline in the birth rate,which has been uninterrupted in Italy since the mid-1960s,has had a significant impact on many aspects of society.As far as the educational system is concerned,this phenomenon has acted like a wave,first causing a decline in the population of the first school age groups,then in the other groups,until recently affecting the 19-25 age group,which includes the majority of university students.As a result,the majority of Italian universities have seen a decline over time in both enrollments(matriculations)and student numbers(enrollments),although the situation varies from one area to another.In the Mezzogiorno,this trend is even more pronounced,since an increasing number of resident students tend to favor universities in the Centre-North,creating a South-Centre-North movement,which could be compared to a particular form of cultural tourism,without a similar flow in the opposite direction.Finally,the study highlights the probable consequences of the recent demographic depopulation on the future trend of university enrollment of residents aged 19-25 in the Calabria region,using the most recent demographic projections of Istat and constructing two evolutionary scenarios.In the first scenario,we have assumed that in the near future university enrollment rates remain constant throughout the period considered;in the second scenario,these rates instead experience a gradual and continuous increase.These results could be useful if further forecasts of university enrollments were to be made at the level of individual Calabrian universities.

Exploration and Reflection on Promoting Graduate Enrollment under the New Situation

Graduate enrollment is crucial for improving the quality of graduate education and building a high-quality education system.The current enrollment situation in some universities is severe,with problems such as insufficient attention to enrollment promotion and a single mode.To solve these problems,this article proposes measures such as leveraging the joint efforts of schools,formulating enrollment promotion plans at different levels,strengthening the construction of enrollment teams at both the school and college levels,enriching enrollment promotion forms,strengthening the construction of high-quality student sources,and building a quality evaluation system for student sources to attract more students to apply and continuously improve the quality of student sources.

Factors Influencing Students Decisions to Enrollment in Sudanese Higher Education Institutions

There is a growing body of literature that recognizes the importance of data mining in educational systems. This recognition makes educational data mining a new growing research community. One way to achieve the highest level of quality in a higher education system is by discovering knowledge from educational data such as students’ enrollment data. Many mining tools that aim to discover exciting correlations, frequent patterns, associations, or casual structures among sets of items in educational data sets have been proposed. One of the widely used tools is association rules. In this paper, the Apriori algorithm is used to generate association rules to discover the importance and correlation between factors that influence student’s decision to enroll in higher education institutions in Sudan. The algorithm is applied using a student’s enrollment data set that was created using a questionnaire and 800 students enrolled in governmental and private sector universities as a sample. This paper classifies factors that influence enrollment into: student’s demographic factors and four categories of enrollment related factors (Student and Society, Educational Institution, Admission, and Employment related factors), and determines the most influential factors in determining student’s decision to enroll in Sudanese universities. The analysis result shows that the Educational Institution related factors (50%) and Admission related factors (40%) are strongly influencing students’ enrollment decision, while the Employment related factors (10%) and Student and Society related factors (0%) have weak influence. The factors out of the 14 Educational Institution related factors that have a high impact are: reputation, diversity of study, quality of education, education facilities, and feasibility.

Research on Quality Assurance System of Talent Cultivation in Higher Vocational Colleges from the Background of Enrollment Expansion

The enrollment expansion of higher vocational education is not only a strategic measure to alleviate the structural contradiction of employment,but also an important support for economic transformation and upgrading.How to deal with the expansion of enrollment and ensure the quality of training is an important task of higher vocational colleges at this stage.Based on the development requirements of the new era,it is of great practical significance to build a perfect quality assurance system of talent training.

An Exploration of the Current Business English Teaching at the Post-graduate Level in China

In China,the past two decades has witnessed the flourishing of Business English (BE) as a course or even a separated discipline in colleges and universities.Researches on BE and BE Teaching have also flourished in an attempt to formulate a coherent theoretical framework and to improve the present BE Teaching system.However,most of such researches focus on BE Teaching at the college level.The present thesis is to explore the present BE Teaching situation at the post-graduate level in several universities in China and point out some practical problems existing in the current BE Teaching at the post-graduate level with a purpose that the academic world could attach more attention to BE Teaching at the post-graduate level in China.

Feasibility Study of Enforcing Immunization Certificate Check Before Primary School or Kindergarten Enrollment in Guizhou Province, China

Objective To study the feasibility of enforcing immunization certificate check before children enroll in primary schools or kindergartens in Guizhou Province. Methods Quantitative and qualitative studies were conducted. The multi-stage and cluster sampling approach was adopted for the quantitative part of the study. A questionnaire was designed and 996 children and their keepers were interviewed. Principals, doctors or teachers of the primary schools, directors and child care nurses of kindergarten, and staff of immunization agencies were invited to take part in 12 focus group discussions; meanwhile, face-to-face individual in-depth interviews with 16 officials of the Health, Education and Governmental Departments at various levels were conducted. Results The total number of subjects was 996. 16.7% of the children in the study completed all the procedures of the National Immunization Programme. 34.3% of them had immunization certificates while the remainder 44.7% registered in immunization agencies. Factors, including the migrant children, doubt about vaccine efficiency, mother’s occupation and educational background, knowledge of the National Immunization Programme on targeted vaccines, played an important role in obtaining or not immunization certificates. 95% of the keepers interviewed thought the immunization certificates were useful; 94.8% of them considered the check was critical while only 3.6% of them thought it unnecessary. The first reason from those who found it unnecessary was that they feared that repeated immunization might affect their children’s health. The second reason was the cost of immunization, which some of them could not afford to pay. However, the Health Department expressed a favorable attitude to the checking scheme. Though the Education Department agreed that the scheme was essential, they worried that it would affect the enrollment rate.Conclusion In spite of the difficulty in administering immunization certificate check, the effort would be rewarding for raising the immunization coverage rate among the children in Guizhou Province.

Research on Application of Self-media Platform in College Enrollment Publicity in the New Period

Since the arrival of the media era,colleges and universities have undergone many new changes in enrollment,especially in the recruitment publicity work,self-media platform plays an important role.But for now,there are some problems in the application of self-media in college enrollment propaganda,for example,the promotion and management level of the platform needs to be improved,and the low quality of platform push content seriously affects the application effect of self-media.This paper aims at the problems existing in the application of self-media platform in the college enrollment propaganda,and formulates the effective solution strategy of the department,constantly improve the application effect of self-media platform in college enrollment propaganda.

Certification and Conversion Mode of Learning Achievement Based on Credit Bank under the Background of Higher Vocational Enrollment Expansion

Credit bank system is a very important management mode in current higher vocational education,and it is also an important means for the Ministry of Education to promote China's modern education reform.This paper combines the specific background of higher vocational enrollment expansion,expounds the practical significance of the credit bank system in the training of the expanded enrollment talents,and explores the methods and rules of the authentication and transformation of the learning achievement of the expanded enrollment students under the system.In order to achieve convergence of different types of learning results,smooth talent growth channel,a useful exploration is carried out.

The plight and Countermeasures brought to the constructions of library literature by effect of college enrollment

This text introduces the concept of local literature and collection range, explains the significance of literature collection and explores building programs of local university library. Currently, university library generally put a strong emphasis on collection of academic literature, but has less attention on literature collections which reflect the situation of university location, or even worse, simply don＇ t launch business in this field. For the university library, it is a great loss of literature information resources, as well as a great regret of library work. First, what is the local literature？ It is literature data which document a region＇ s past and present issues like politics, economy, culture, education, history, geography and other aspects like important characters and events, customs, folklore etc.

Informed consent process: ethical and practical challenges in clinical trials regarding subject enrollment, protection, and informed consent in developing countries (India, Pakistan & Iran)

In this study,we are discussing the rationale behind informed consent in clinical trials in developing countries.It elaborates how informed consent has remained an ethical and practical issue.Poverty,endemic diseases,and a lack of investment in healthcare systems influence the ease of conducting and selecting trials that can benefit the people of developing countries.Differences in cultural perspectives,religious beliefs,a lack of formal training for clinical staff,children,time zone difference,literacy,vulnerable population,and language barriers for subject enrollment,protection,and informed are also challenges.This report doesn’t only highlight the right the wrongs of the past or reiterate cases where clinical trials have hurt subjects in developing countries.The current study investigates the conditions of human research in developing countries to make them more ethically sound.The extends proposals to investigators,scientists,governments,sponsors,and other groups who are interested where appropriate.

POST-GRADUATE EDUCATION AT THE CAS

Post-graduate education is one of the three main tasks entrusted to the Chinese Academy of Sciences by the country, says CAS Executive Vice- President Lu Yongxiang, who is in charge of the day-to-day issues of the academy, when interviewed by Shen Guihua, a report of the Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

TO MAKE A GOOD JOB OF THE POST-GRADUATE EDUCATION PROGRAM AT THE CAS

The Chinese Academy of Sciences is the top R&D base in the land as well as an incubator for breeding high ranking qualified personnel.The post-graduate education program at the CAS is an important field in the cultivation of Chinese junior scientists.Started in 1955,the program has lasted more than 40 years.As a result of its repeated exploration and practice,the program has initially formed its own character and educational superiority,cultivated a great number of top-grade professionals and infused them into the theatre of economic reconstruction throughout the Country.The following is a brief introduction to the CAS program.

Realistic Dilemma and Solution of “Vocational Skill Test” under the Background of Enrollment Reform of Classified Examination in Higher Vocational Colleges in Jilin Province

In the process of Higher Vocational classified examination enrollment reform,Jilin Province has adopted a diversified examination enrollment model and“cultural quality test+vocational skill test”evaluation method,and established the“vocational education college entrance examination”system.This paper analyzes the important role and practical difficulties of“vocational skill test”in Higher Vocational classified examination,studies the existing problems,and puts forward to reasonably divide the proportion of“cultural quality test”and“vocational skill test”,sets diversified admission standards,scientifically sets up the assessment methods and contents of“vocational skill test”,further improves the“cultural quality test+vocational skill test”evaluation method and builds a classified examination and enrollment system more in line with the characteristics of vocational education.

Should Parents Escort Their Children to First-Year University Enrollment?

Colleges and universities across China usually find crowds of first-year students swarming through their gates in late August and early September. part of this process is for parents to escort their children, a phenomenon that is an annual topic of debate across China. Many people think that parents escorting their children to colleges and

人力资本扩张如何影响企业生产效率——基于工资扭曲异质性视角的实证研究

在经济发展方式转变以及世界经济形势发生深刻变革的现实背景下,重新审视人力资本扩张对企业生产效率的影响,对于促进中国经济高质量发展具有重要现实意义。基于中国劳动力市场普遍存在劳动力工资负向扭曲事实,借助高校扩招这一外生政策冲击构造准自然实验,以中国工业企业作为研究样本,系统考察工资扭曲异质性情形下人力资本扩张对企业生产效率的影响。研究结果表明,随着工资负向扭曲程度的增加,高校扩招引致的人力资本对企业生产效率的影响逐渐变小。针对工资扭曲程度较大企业的机制研究表明,人力资本扩张加剧了企业的劳动密集度和生产率偏度,抑制了企业的创新动力。研究结论为中国在高质量发展阶段深入实施人才强国战略提供了新的视角和经验证据。

Mobilization Initiatives for Enhancing Secondary School Students’ Enrolment into Vocational and Technical Education Program of Universities for Self Reliance in South East, Nigeria

This study focused on identification of mobilization initiatives for enhancing student’s enrolment into Vocational and Technical Education (VTE) programs in Nigerian Universities. Three research questions guided the study while three hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study was carried out in South East, Nigeria. Population for the study was 1340. Sample for the study was 753 obtained through proportionate (30%) stratified random sampling technique. A 38 item questionnaire was developed and used to collect data. Data obtained were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer research questions while t-test statistic was used to test hypotheses at probability of 0.05 level. It was found out by the study that 38 mobilization initiatives could be used to enhance students’ enrolment into Vocational and Technical Education Programs in Nigerian Universities. It was therefore recommended that the identified mobilization initiatives be implemented by relevant stakeholders to enhance secondary school students’ enrollment into VTE programs in Nigerian Universities.

快速康复模式下结直肠癌传统开放手术与腹腔镜手术的疗效对比:一项基于多中心的随机对照试验(EnROL)

目的腹腔镜辅助手术和多重管理方案（即加速康复程序,Enhanced Recovery Program,ERP）极大地改变了结直肠癌患者的围手术期管理,并改善了临床治疗结局。然而,腹腔镜手术尚未成为世界范围内结直肠癌手术治疗的标准,大量有着良好开腹手术技术的外科医生仍采用传统手术方式治疗。究竟传统开腹手术辅助ERP能否与腹腔镜辅助的微创治疗匹敌？这一问题还存在争议。EnROL（Enhanced Recovery Open versus Laparoscopic）多中心随机对照试验旨在解答上述问题。资料和方法该研究为Ⅲ期多中心随机对照临床试验,纳入可择期手术的成年结直肠癌患者（年龄≥18岁）,按1∶1随机分配至腹腔镜组或开腹组,两组均应用快速康复多重管理程序（ERP）进行围手术期管理。通过纳入中心、肿瘤部位（结肠或直肠）、年龄组（〈66/66~75/〉75岁）再进行分层分析。研究的主要结局指标为术后1个月的机体疲劳感（使用多维疲劳量表MFI-20评价）,次要结局指标包括：住院时间、术后并发症、患者其他不适情况及身体机能（简表SF-36）。术后7天或更早出院之前,受试患者和结局评估人员都不知晓治疗情况。手术质量及病理评估由中心负责人员进行盲评。该研究在英国临床伦理委员会南部牛津中心B注册,注册号为No.07/H0605/150。结果研究从2008年7月开始,至2012年4月结束,共在英国的12个中心纳入204例病人（其中腹腔镜组103人,开放结合ERP组101人）。腹腔组的切除范围[（6.8±3.7）vs.（18.4±7.5）cm]以及术中出血量[（115±152）vs.（257±290）ml]较开腹组减少,但手术时间[（182±69）vs.（135±54）min]相对延长,总体手术相关损伤评分[（31.2±6.0）vs.（31.8±6.0）]没有明显差别。两组病人术后1个月的机体疲劳感评分无显著差异[MFI-20（12.28,95%CI：11.3~13.1）vs.（12.05,95%CI：11.2~13.1）;P=0.93]。然而,腹腔镜组的中位住院时间较开腹组明显缩短（5 vs.7天;四分位点间距：4~9 vs.5~11天;P=0.033）。其他次要结局和病理报告质量均未见显著差异。结论虽然有经验的外科医生运用开腹手术结合加速康复程序可使结直肠癌患者术后疲乏感及其他不适情况降低至腹腔镜手术治疗相当的水平,但是住院时间会有明显的延长。在治疗结局无明显差别的前提下,腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌手术结合快速康复程序更应被推广使用。

Training School of Rheumatism Enrolling New Students(In Chinese)

Base on the folk secret formula, the medical personals have developed Qu Feng Powder (祛风散) and Qu Feng Pills (祛风丸) which are made from pure Chinese herbs, indicated for rheumatic diseases, hyperosteopeny, and protrusion of intervertebral disc, etc. In the training course, you can learn the pathogenic mechanism, diagnosis and treatment based on TCM differentiation of syndromes, and preparation of the above drugs. For further details and application form, please contact with the Training school.Address: Training School of Rheumatism, Julu County 055250, Hebei Province, P. R. ChinaTel:

Determinants of Enrolment in Nigerian Universities

The study investigated the factors behind the enrolment profile in Nigerian universities using primary and secondary data. The secondary data were obtained from National University Commission （NUC） and published documents of National Bureau of Statistics （NBS） while primary data were from a survey of nine universities selected through purposive random sampling. The broad objective of this study is to identify the key factors influencing the enrolment profile in Nigerian universities and the extent to which human resource and funding affect enrolment. The study was empirical analysis which used Vector Auto-regression Model （VAR） and linear interactive or stepwise regression method for data analyses. The results showed that variables in the model （funding, academic and non-academic staff） accounted for 46.6% of the changes in enrolment and confirmed that both funding and academic staffhave effect on enrolment while the effect of non-academic staff is quite minimal. The model was statistically significant （F = 4.43） and also, funding （t = 3.00, p 〈 0.05）, academic staff （t = 1.77, p 〈 0.05） and their interactive effect （t = 2.97, p 〈 0.05） had significant effect on enrolment. While the effect of non-academic staff was not significant （t = 0.36, p 〉 0.05）. However, the interactive effect of funding and academic staff （KL） accounting for 25% of the changes in enrolment is more important than their individual effects： 5% for academic staff and 4% for funding. Therefore, interaction of funding and availability of academic staff has continued to constrain students＇ intake into Nigerian universities. The other factors not captured by the model but identified through the survey of nine Nigerian universities were： expansion of both primary and secondary education; education as passport to becoming elite; human resource needs; high rate of unemployment and population growth, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization （UNESCO） education report and historical performance of the institution. The study therefore made some recommendations for Nigeria to enjoy economies of scale.