Climate change vulnerability assessment in the new urban planning process in Tanzania

Climate change vulnerability assessment is an essential tool for identifying regions that are most susceptible to the impacts of climate change and designing effective adaptation actions that can reduce vulnerability and enhance long-term resilience of these regions.This study explored a framework for climate change vulnerability assessment in the new urban planning process in Jangwani Ward,Tanzania.Specifically,taking flood as an example,this study highlighted the steps and methods for climate change vulnerability assessment in the new urban planning process.In the study area,95 households were selected and interviewed through purposeful sampling.Additionally,10 respondents(4 females and 6 males)were interviewed for Focus Group Discussion(FGD),and 3 respondents(1 female and 2 males)were selected for Key Informant Interviews(KII)at the Ministry of Lands,Housing and Human Settlements Development.This study indicated that climate change vulnerability assessment framework involves the assessment of climatic hazards,risk elements,and adaptive capacity,and the determination of vulnerability levels.The average hazard risk rating of flood was 2.3.Socioeconomic and livelihood activities and physical infrastructures both had the average risk element rating of 3.0,and ecosystems had the average risk element rating of 2.9.Adaptive capacity ratings of knowledge,technology,economy or finance,and institution were 1.6,1.9,1.4,and 2.2,respectively.The vulnerability levels of socioeconomic and livelihood activities and physical infrastructure were very high(4.0).Ecosystems had a high vulnerability level(3.8)to flood.The very high vulnerability level of socioeconomic and livelihood activities was driven by high exposure and sensitivity to risk elements and low adaptive capacity.The study recommends adoption of the new urban planning process including preparation,planning,implementation,and monitoring-evaluation-review phases that integrates climate change vulnerability assessment in all phases.

Combing and Discussion of Modern Urban Planning Ideas

Since the emergence of utopian socialism and other modern urban planning ideas,as well as the proposing of“garden cities”by Howard,modern urban planning theory has experienced a variety of planning ideas,and these ideas play a great role in guiding urban construction and planning.In this century,cities have ushered in many industrial revolutions,and urban life,economy,and ecology have changed greatly.Planning scholars in various countries are actively looking for“medicine”to save cities in the“sick”.In this paper,modern urban planning ideas were sorted out,and how to learn from the current territorial spatial planning that is being compiled around the country was thought about.

A Survey of Bulgarian(National)Planning and Regulation Acts and Documents Concerning Urban Sprawl

In the last 20 years,the built-up areas of Europe have increased by 20%,while the population increased by 6% only.Given the fact that urban sprawl occurs when the rate of land-use conversion exceeds the rate of population growth,we can now talk about the existence of urban sprawl in Europe.In Bulgaria,during the period 2004-2012,the developers’interest in agricultural and forest lands located outside the development zones of different settlements increased in parallel with the construction development of urban areas,mainly around larger towns,resort and holiday areas.The low price of agricultural lands can be seen as one of the main reasons in this regard.The issues of the utilization of agricultural lands,their conversion into urban(construction)lands,and zoning have been defined by a number of national and local legal acts,which were passed and subsequently renewed/modified in a more recent period.The main act regulating the spatial planning and construction on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria is the SPA(Spatial Planning Act).The ALPA(Agricultural Land Protection Act)and its corresponding regulations provide an appropriate legal basis for the protection of agricultural lands and their yield.Overall,as different acts and regulations concerning issues related to the conversion of agricultural,forest,and protected areas are not in conflict,they may be said to have been harmonized.There are,however,some points which leave possibilities for uncontrolled urban growth.

Atmospheric Pollutants in a Commercial Region of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil: Integration of Health, Environment and Economy in Urban Planning to Improve Air Quality

The accelerated growth of the vehicular fleet, the modernization of large urban centers, and the few adjustments to the road network in Fortaleza have intensified the problems of traffic and emissions of atmospheric pollutants, highlighting the necessity for strategic urban planning initiatives to address the escalating issues of traffic and pollution. With the objective of analyzing the indices of concentrations of atmospheric pollutants and estimating how these levels can affect human health, this work consists of a study of the analysis of air quality in the intense trade region of Fortaleza. For this, the analysis zone was divided into three perimeters (Major - Medium - Minor), where each perimeter was analyzed at 7 am, 12 noon and 5 pm. Concentrations of the type of O3, particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), CO2 and HCHO were collected. Our results demonstrate that most of the analyses are within the limits of current legislation;however, at certain times and perimeters, the analyses of CO2 and HCHO exceeded the established limits. In view of the above, we conclude that public policies to control air quality are necessary to reduce the damage to human health and the environment caused by pollutants.

Analysis Of Urban Planning Instruments in Comala,Colima,Mexico(1997-2009)from a Gender Perspective-A Secondary Publication

This work is carried out based on the analysis of urban planning instruments,taking the gender perspective as a foundation.It arises from the inclusion of women in the participation of urban development,through an analysis of the gender gaps that have marked the history of women,the inequalities serve as a basis for carrying out this study.It highlights the challenges we face today as a society in the process of building citizen participation,where we must all be recognized and have equal opportunities within the territory in which we live.This article analyzes the extent to which the Municipal Urban Development Programs of the Mexican municipality of Comala,Colima,Mexico,consider the recommendations on gender and urbanism,established since the 1990s by international entities and applied transversally to urban planning policies.Considerable differences are found between women and men in terms of empowerment and participation in urban territorial planning instruments,mainly in the oldest instrument(1997).Significant progress is observed in the most recent document and is currently in force in the municipality of Comala(2009).

Architectural Design and Urban Planning in the New Situation

Under the influence of the world economy,China’s economic development is very rapid,the people’s living standards have been greatly improved,and the urbanization process has been accelerated.As a part of urban planning,architecture plays an important role in urban planning and construction,so urban planning must be combined with the future development goals of the city,develop in an all-round way,strengthen architectural design,ensure the consistency of urban planning and architectural design,and create a good environment for urban development.Therefore,this paper analyzes the relationship between architectural design and urban planning under the new situation,clarifies the relationship between architectural design and urban planning,and strengthens urban construction.

Analysis of Citizen Participation in Urban Planning of Comala,Colima,Mexico-A Secondary Publication

The objective of this study was to determine the degree of citizen participation in urban planning processes in the municipality of Comala,Colima,Mexico to have a broader vision of the citizens and the environment in which they live.An instrument was designed specifically to perform this study and the instrument was validated by calculating Cronbach’s Alpha.The results showed that citizens were highly involved in issues concerning their urban environment,and the main problems of the public spaces were also identified.

A MySQL-Based Software System of Urban Land Planning Database of Shanghai in China

With the development of the digital city,data and data analysis have become more and more important.The database is the foundation of data analysis.In this paper,the software system of the urban land planning database of Shanghai in China is developed based on MySQL.The conceptual model of the urban land planning database is proposed,and the entities,attributes and connections of this model are discussed.Then the E-R conceptual model is transformed into a logical structure,which is supported by the relational databasemanagement system(DBMS).Based on the conceptual and logical structures,by using Spring Boot as the back-end framework and using MySQL and Java API as the development tools,a platformwith datamanagement,information sharing,map assistance and other functions is established.The functionalmodules in this platformare designed.The results of J Meter test show that the DBMS can add,store and retrieve information data stably,and it has the advantages of fast response and low error rate.The software system of the urban land planning database developed in this paper can improve the efficiency of storing and managing land data,eliminating redundant data and sharing data.

Wind and Snow Impacts on Urban Space Planning:A Multiphase Numerical Simulation

The wind and snow environment outside the planned space plays a key role in the comfort and safety of the human habitat in severe cold regions. Traditional studies of the external environment of human settlements, however, frequently overlook the combined impacts of wind and snow environments. Furthermore, in urban meteorological studies, it is impossible to accurately assess the wind and snow environment in specific areas or locations. In this study, a refined Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) multiphase flow numerical method was used to simulate a planning space's wind and snow environment. The study classified the Snowstorm Weather Grade(SWG) by incorporating the Snowstorm Weather Index(SWI) to generate calculation results of the wind environment and snow environment. In particular, 150 measurement points in the planning space were chosen for analysis and evaluation of their wind and snow environments. The results demonstrated that the SWI index can effectively correlate to the wind and snow environment calculation results. In addition, the graph of SWI showed that 55% of the measurement points had a moderate wind and snow grade SWI, which exceeds the average grade for the entire region. The practical application shows that the wind and snow environment assessment indexes and technical methods developed in this paper can be successfully applied to wind and snow environment studies in other cold cities.

Factors Associated with Unmet Need for Family Planning among Couples Living in Urban and Rural Areas of Guinea in 2019

Introduction: Unmet need for family planning (UNFP) is defined as women with unmet needs who want to stop or delay childbearing but are not using any method of contraception. The objective of this study was to analyze the factors associated with unmet needs for family planning among couples living in rural and urban areas of Guinea in 2019. Methodology: This was a prospective, analytical cross-sectional, multicenter study of a six-month period from August 1, 2018 to January 31, 2019, focusing on couples with unmet needs for family planning. Result: Among 189 couples interviewed, 567 had UNFP (33.3%), the reasons for not using modern contraceptive methods were desire for pregnancy (AOR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.74, 4.31), husband’s refusal (AOR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.81), spousal attitude (AOR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.130, 30), birth spacing (AOR = 2.10% to 95%: 1.16, 3.82), difficulty with a new pregnancy (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.74), and spousal attitude (AOR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.30). Conclusion: The involvement of spouses, especially in rural communities, would help achieve family planning objectives and reduce unmet needs for family planning.

Planning and Design of Geological Landscape Popular Science Exhibition in Urban Geopark:A Case Study of Zhengzhou Yellow River National Geopark

Urban geopark is the backyard garden of urban residents’life.Geological landscape popular science exhibition enables people to receive geological popular science knowledge easily and happily while playing,which will virtually strengthen people’s protection awareness of urban geological landscape.Urban geopark landscape is featured by unique typical geological characteristics.It is a realistic problem that troubles the planning and design of geological landscape popular science exhibition in urban geopark by effectively protecting these geological landscapes and upgrading them into urban popular science leisure tourism resources.Taking Zhengzhou Yellow River National Geopark as an example,this paper systematically studies the planning and design of geological landscape popular science exhibition in urban geopark.

Strengthening Alexandria Urban Fabric by Planning Urbanism’s Walkable Area

Nowadays city of Alexandria has a very wide range of urban development projects;some of them have a major influence on the physical being of the city meanwhile others just have a small interpretation to its characteristics.The rapid growth of Alexandria city in the nineteenth century led to calls for parks to be provided for the health of all categories in the society.This could be seen as an early precedent to highlight the role of open spaces in supporting what we now call sustainable development.This paper proposes an urban development project which makes a replacement of an urban crawl in Alexandria city into unique open space through presenting a comprehensive approach for assessing this suggested project to create a walkability area based on a combination of its conceptual and applicable aspects.Discussion of the sustainability modules to this new urban development project in Alexandria will be accomplished,by the aim of investigating its ability to stand against the future challenges.It is concluded that a significant attribute of urban design achieves continuity of the urban fabric and streets,because this facilitates flows.Wherever movements occur,there is vitality and flow creates eyes on the street producing spontaneous surveillance.Also,comparison of contextual and neighbourhood before and after the project revealed the positive impact of the suggested project either on the built(physical)environment’s or health and social well-being.

Practical Strategies for Urban Rail Transit Loop Planning, Construction, and Operation

Urban rail transit loops are essential in urban rail transit systems and transportation networks.However,precise requirements and reference standards for rail transit loop design have yet to be established.There are certain areas for improvement in planning,construction,and operation.In the planning and design of urban rail transit loops,the scale of the city and the relationship between line operations should be considered to ensure that the line conforms to the city’s operating traffic conditions and can effectively cater to peak passenger flow requirements.This article presents strategies for planning,constructing,and operating urban rail transit loops,laying the foundation for the healthy operation of urban rail transit.

从Landscape and Urban Planning 20年来的论文看国际景观规划研究动态

以刊载景观规划研究论文的重要期刊Landscape and Urban Planning为研究对象,从论文来源地、撰稿人所属单位、文章属性、研究内容与研究对象等几个方面对该期刊刊载的1604篇文章进行分析,揭示出国际景观规划研究20年来的规律、特征、重点和热点等,为国内学界了解与把握国际景观规划研究动态提供帮助。

Application of Urban Planning Theory in Practice in China——A Case Study of Satellite City Theory

The early Western urban planning theory has provided a vital reference for modern urban planning in China. After the illustration of the development of Western urban planning theory during World War II, the definition of satellite city has been introduced in detail by taking the planning theory of satellite city as an example. The development of satellite city has been summarized, that is, "lying city-semi-detached satellite city-active satellite city"; their characters have been illustrated; then, the effective application of this theory in urban areas of London and Paris has been introduced. Finally, by taking Shanghai and Xi'an City for example, it has introduced the practical application of satellite city theory in modern urban planning of China, and concluded the function of satellite city in Chinese urban construction. It hopes to provide a reference for satellite urban planning theory guiding practice, so as to control and evacuate urban people scientifically, promote the functional orientation and spatial distribution balance of towns and cities, and finally facilitate the sustainable development of living environment.

Ecological Planning for Urban Green Space System——A Case Study of Chongqing Economic and Technological Development Zone

Based on overview of development history and research advances of do- mestic and foreign urban green space system planning, this paper made clear rele- vant concepts of the urban green space system. Urban green space system is a key region for protecting ecological resources. Taking Chongqing Economic and Technological Development Zone as an example, on the basis of in-depth survey, it made a systematic study on green space system planning combining current situa- tions of green space and regional spatial characteristics of Chongqing Economic and Technological Development Zone. It discussed how to restore and build urban green space system, protect ecological environment, and promote regional economic de- velopment and harmony between human and nature through design of ecological technologies and landscape in the ecological planning of urban green space system.

基于CiteSpace的国际景观规划研究热点分析——以Landscape and Urban Planning 2010~2019年载文为对象

全球范围内以城市化为主要驱动力造成的景观变化,成为当今世界最大的挑战议题之一,景观变化和城市发展的可持续解决方案成为国际研究热点。以国际权威期刊Landscape and Urban Planning 2010~2019年刊载的1891篇论文为研究对象,利用科学计量学及计量可视化软件CiteSpace,从发文量、载文类型、国家占比、合作机构、共现关键词等方面分析了国际景观规划近10年的研究热点。研究结果表明,国际景观规划近10年研究热点集中在国土利用和管理、城市绿道和绿色空间、城市雨洪管理、乡村景观、生物多样性保护、城市热岛、低碳城市、景观结构等方向。该结果可为科研工作者提供借鉴信息,为我国城市景观规划理论创新与实践发展提供有益启示。

Status of and Strategies for the Planning and Design, Maintenance and Management of Chinese Urban Green Land——Application of Ecological Concepts in This Field

The sustainability of the planning and design goals of urban green land and that of its maintenance and management are mutually related and act as an organic whole. For a long time, the independence of the two is more prominent than their organic connection. This research has made preliminary considerations from three aspects. First, it concerns infusing the concept of ecology, contemplating and demonstrating space, as well as reducing the incidence of plant diseases and insect pests of urban green land. Second, the arrangement of flowers and trees for the planning and design of urban green land should comply with the biological attributes of flowers and trees to realize the organic unification of biological and scenic attributes of flowers and trees. Third, the planning and design of urban green land should attach importance to the organic unification of biological and scenic attributes of lawn grass seeds and reduce the difficulty of maintaining lawn. This research attempts to reduce the pressure of maintaining urban green land from the beginning, i.e. the planning and design of urban green land. It also tries to reduce the cost of maintenance and management to the realize planning and design goals of urban green land and the sustainability concerning its maintenance and management and arrive at the mutual unification of the planning and design as well as maintenance and management of urban green land.

Design of Aided Decision-Making Program for Prioritizing Construction Projects in Urban Road Network Planning

The importance and complexity of prioritizing construction projects (PCP) in urban road network planning lead to the necessity to develop an aided decision making program (ADMP). Cost benefit ratio model and stage rolled method are chosen as the theoretical foundations of the program, and then benefit model is improved to accord with the actuality of urban traffic in China. Consequently, program flows, module functions and data structures are designed, and particularly an original data structure of road ...

Review of Urban Planning Aided by ArcGIS and SketchUp

It is a development trend of urban planning from 2D to 3D on the basis of introduction and their combinative application of ArcGIS and SketchUp.This trend conforms to the storage requirements of massive data in urban planning and it will be useful for 3D-aided planning.