Depression and anxiety disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients:Prevalence,disease impact,treatment

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a common respiratory disorder that often co-occurs with depression and anxiety,worsening disease progression and reducing quality of life.A thorough review of the existing literature was conducted,including searches in PubMed,Embase,PsycINFO,and Cochrane Library databases up to 2024.This review encompasses a critical analysis of studies reporting on the prevalence,impact,and management of depression and anxiety in COPD patients.We found a high prevalence of psychological comorbidities in COPD patients,which were associated with worse disease outcomes,including increased exacerbations,hospitalizations,and reduced health-related quality of life.Diagnosing and managing these conditions is complex due to overlapping symptoms,necessitating a comprehensive patient care approach.While there has been progress in understanding COPD comorbidities,there is a need for more personalized and integrated treatments.This review emphasizes the need for increased awareness,tailored treatment plans,and further research for effective interventions.

Treating comorbid anxiety and depression: Psychosocial and pharmacological approaches

Comorbid anxiety with depression predicts poor outcomes with a higher percentage of treatment resistance than either disorder occurring alone. Overlap of anxiety and depression complicates diagnosis and renders treatment challenging. A vital step in treatment of such comorbidity is careful and comprehensive diagnostic assessment. We attempt to explain various psychosocial and pharmacological approaches for treatment of comorbid anxiety and depression. For the psychosocial component, we focus only on generalized anxiety disorder based on the following theoretical models:(1) "the avoidance model";(2) "the intolerance of uncertainty model";(3) "the meta-cognitive model";(4) "the emotion dysregulation model"; and(5) "the acceptance based model". For depression, the following theoretical models are explicated:(1) "the cognitive model";(2) "the behavioral activation model"; and(3) "the interpersonal model". Integration of these approaches is suggested. The treatment of comorbid anxiety and depression necessitates specific psychopharmacological adjustments as compared to treating either condition alone. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are considered first-line treatment in uncomplicated depression comorbid with a spectrum of anxiety disorders. Short-acting benzodiazepines(BZDs) are an important "bridging strategy" to address an acute anxiety component. In patients with comorbid substance abuse, avoidance of BZDs is recommended and we advise using an atypical antipsychotic in lieu of BZDs. For mixed anxiety and depression comorbid with bipolar disorder, we recommend augmentation of an antidepressant with either lamotrigine or an atypical agent. Combination and augmentation therapies in the treatment of comorbid conditions vis-à-vis monotherapy may be necessary for positive outcomes. Combination therapy with tricyclic antidepressants, gabapentin and selective serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors(e.g., duloxetine) are specifically useful for comorbid chronic pain syndromes. Aripiprazole, quetiapine, risperidone and other novel atypical agents may be effective as augmentations. For treatment-resistant patients, we recommend a "stacking approach" not dissimilar from treatment of hypertension In conclusion, we delineate a comprehensive approach comprising integration of various psychosocial approaches and incremental pharmacological interventions entailing bridging strategies, augmentation therapies and ultimately stacking approaches towards effectively treating comorbid anxiety and depression.

Impact of comorbid anxiety and depression on quality of life and cellular immunity changes in patients with digestive tract cancers

AIM:A study was performed to investigate the impact of comorbid anxiety and depression (CAD) on quality of life (QOL) and cellular immunity changes in patients with digestive tract cancers. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-six cases of both sexes with cancers of the digestive tract admitted between March 2001 and February 2004 in the Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were randomly enrolled in the study. Depressive and anxiety disorder diagnoses were assessed by using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. All adult patients were evaluated with the Hamilton depressive scale (HAMD, the 24-item version), the Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA, a modified 14-item version), quality of life questionnaire-core 30 (QLQ-C30), social support rating scale (SSRS), simple coping style questionnaire (SCSQ), and other questionnaires, respectively. In terms of HAMD ≥ 20 and HAMA ≥ 14, the patients were categorized, including CAD (n = 31) in group A, anxiety disorder (n = 23) in group B, depressive disorder (n = 37) in group C, and non-disorder (n = 65) in group D. Immunological parameters such as T-lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cell activities in peripheral blood were determined and compared among the four groups. RESULTS: The incidence of CAD was 21.15% in patients with digestive tract cancers. The average scores of social support was 43.67±7.05 for 156 cases, active coping 20.34±7.33, and passive coping 9.55±5.51. Compared with group D, subjective support was enhanced slightly in group A, but social support, objective support, and utilization of support reduced, especially utilization of support with significance (6.16 vs7.80, P<0.05); total scores of active coping decreased, while passive coping reversed; granulocytes proliferated, monocytes declined, and lymphocytes declined significantly (32.87 vs 34.00, P<0.05); moreover, the percentage of CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD56 in T lymphocyte subsets was in lower level, respectively, and CD56 showed a significant decline in group A (26.02 vs 32.20, P<0.05), however, CD4/CD8 ratio increased. Physical function, role function, fatigue, sleeplessness and constipation had significant changes among different groups by one-way ANOVA, and group A was in poor QOL. It revealed that global health-related quality of life (QL) were positively correlated with active coping and CD56; CAD was negatively correlated with QL, active coping and CD56. Furthermore, the step-wise regression analysis suggested that utilization of support, CD56, active coping, fatigue, sleeplessness and depression were significant factors contributing to QOL. CONCLUSION: CAD, which can impair QOL and cellular immunity, occurs with a higher incidence in patients with digestive tract cancers. Hence, it is essential to improve mental health for them with specifically tailored interventions.

The lability of behavior as a marker of comorbid depression and anxiety

This study examines nine dynamical and three emotional aspects of behavior in depression and anxiety, singly and comorbidly. The study employs the Structure of Temperament Questionnaire Compact (STQ 77), whose 12 scales assess the energetic, lability and sensitivity aspects of behavior in the physical, social, mental and emotional domains. The STQ 77 was administered to 86 patients with Major Depression, 85 patients with an anxiety disorder, 43 patients with comorbid depression and anxiety, and 71 subjects without depression or anxiety disorder all presenting to a private outpatient clinical practice. Results: 1) Depression was associated with self-reports of increased impulsivity and rigidity of behavior;2) Depressed patients reported significantly lower physical energy, tempo of physical activity and plasticity of behavior. The presence of comorbid anxiety further worsened these effects;3) The ability to sustain attention on a mental task and to learn new information was lower in depressed patients than in other groups. Conclusions: comorbid depression and anxiety might be associates, decreasing adaptivity and the self-regulatory balance of behavior, leading to the de- velopment of extremes in behavioral reactivity (impulsivity and rigidity).

Rate of social anxiety disorder, its comorbidity with depression and paroxetine effects in outpatients in Japan

The prevalence of persons with social anxiety disorder (SAD) in Japan remains unknown. This study examined 293 patients with age between 20 and 60 at first visit on the outpatient clinic of psychiatry by the section of social phobia of M.I.N.I. and DSM-IV. After that, 10 patients with both SAD out of 16 patients (trial recruited) completed 12 weeks of treatment with paroxetine. Among 63 patients with 4 points and 40 patients with 3 points on the M.I.N.I., 21 patients (33%) and 16 patients (40%) were diagnosed as SAD on DSM-IV criteria, respectively. Together, 37 patients (12.6%) were diagnosed as SAD out of the 293 outpatients. Among 37 patients with SAD, 23 patients (62%) had comorbid depression. As for 10 patients after treatment with paroxetine, 8 patients improved from the point of recovery of depression (HAM-D scores below 10), whereas only 4 patients improved from the point of recovery of social phobia (L-SAS scores below 30). Three points as well as 4 points on the M.I.N.I. is meaningful for the diagnosis of SAD. For a while, paroxetine exerted less beneficial effects on SAD rather than on depression.

S2B-2 Comorbidity of Anxiety and Depression Induced by Liang’s Contextual-Stress Box in Mice

Rationale:Comorbidity of depression and anxiety is one of the most common mental disorders in practice.Few experimental procedures,however,have focused on identifying mixed depression-and anxiety-like behaviors in animal models.Objectives:To develop a novel testing paradigm,the so-called Liang’s contextual-stress Box(briefly,Liang’s Box),for evaluating depression-and/or anxiety-like behaviors in mice.Methods:Liang’s Box consisted of a central area(CA)with three peripheral arms(PA).Mice were placed individually in the end of a peripheral arm facing to the central area and were allowed to travel around Liang’s Box.During a test period,behavioral parameters were recorded and collected by a video-tracking system named SMART 3.0(Panlab,Spain),including①Latency to CA,②Time spent in CA(CA-time),③Distance traveled in CA(CA-distance),④Distance traveled in PA(PA-distance),⑤Transition number between CA and PA,⑥Global activity,⑦CA-time/cm2,⑧PA-time/cm2,⑨CAdistance/cm2,and⑩PA-distance/cm2.In order to assess the reliability and validity of Liang’s Box and get baseline information,we undertook a series of experiment,including verifying consistency and stability in the various strains of mice(KM,ICR,and C57 BL/6 J mice),imposing high illumination,restraint and tail suspension stress,pre-treating with an anxiolytic(diazepam,buspirone)or antidepressant(desipramine,mianserin).Results:①There were not remarkable differences in all the parameters among KM,ICR,and C57 BL/6 J mice;②High illumination,restraint and tail suspension significantly increased the latency to CA and decreased the CA-time,CA-distance and transition number.However,these three types of stresses evoked different effect on global activity.High illumination increased activity,but restraint stress had no significant influence.In contrast with high illumination,tail suspension stress markedly reduced activity in mice;③The anxiolytics diazepam(0.25 mg·kg-1 and 0.5 mg·kg-1,i.p.)and buspirone(0.5 mg·kg-1 and 1.0 mg·kg-1,i.p.)significantly decreased latency to CA and transition number,and dosedependently increased the CA-time.However,they did not affect CA-or PA-distance,or global activity;④The antidepressants desipramine(10.0 mg·kg-1 and 30.0 mg·kg-1,i.p.)and mianserin(0.25 mg·kg-1 and 0.5 mg·kg-1,i.p.)significantly decreased latency to CA,and dose-dependently enhanced CA-time,CA-distance and transition number,while neither affected PA-distance or global activity.Conclusion:Our data suggest that Liang’s Box is a useful experimental instrument and method for screening and assessing potential antidepressants and/or anxiolytics.Moreover,depression-and anxiety-like behaviors induced by Liang’s Box in mice may be a new hybrid animal model to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of anxiety and depression.

Inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex participate in the comorbidity of pain and emotion

Pain is often comorbid with emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression.Hyperexcitability of the anterior cingulate cortex has been implicated in pain and pain-related negative emotions that arise from impairments in inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmission.This review primarily aims to outline the main circuitry(including the input and output connectivity)of the anterior cingulate cortex and classification and functions of different gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons;it also describes the neurotransmitters/neuromodulators affecting these neurons,their intercommunication with other neurons,and their importance in mental comorbidities associated with chronic pain disorders.Improving understanding on their role in pain-related mental comorbidities may facilitate the development of more effective treatments for these conditions.However,the mechanisms that regulate gamma-aminobutyric acidergic systems remain elusive.It is also unclear as to whether the mechanisms are presynaptic or postsynaptic.Further exploration of the complexities of this system may reveal new pathways for research and drug development.

Comparing the effects of depression,anxiety,and comorbidity on quality-of-life,adverse outcomes,and medical expenditure in Chinese patients with acute coronary syndrome

Background:Depression and anxiety have been correlated with elevated risks for quality-of-life (QOL),adverse outcomes,and medical expenditure in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).However,the relevant data are lacking for Chinese ACS populations,especially regarding different effects of major depression,anxiety,and comorbidity.The objective of this study was to evaluate the dynamic changes of depression and/or anxiety over 12 months and examine the effects of depression,anxiety,and comorbidity on QOL,adverse outcomes,and medical expenditure in Chinese patients with ACS.Methods:For this prospective longitudinal study,a total of 647 patients with ACS were recruited from North China between January 2013 and June 2015.Among them,531 patients (82.1%) completed 12-month follow-ups.Logistic regression model was utilized for analyzing the association of baseline major depression,anxiety,and comorbidity with 12-month all-cause mortality,cardiovascular events,QOL,and health expenditure.Results:During a follow-up period of 12 months,7.3% experienced non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and 35.8% cardiac rehospitalization.Baseline comorbidity,rather than major depression/anxiety,strongly predicted poor 12-month QOL as measured by short-form health survey-12 (odds ratio [OR]:1.77,95% confidence interval [CI]:1.22–2.52,P = 0.003).Regarding 12-month non-fatal MI and cardiac re-hospitalization,baseline anxiety (OR:2.83,95% CI:1.33–5.89,P<0.01;OR:4.47,95% CI:1.50–13.00,P<0.01),major depression (OR:2.58,95% CI:1.02–6.15,P<0.05;OR:5.22,95% CI:1.42–17.57,P<0.03),and comorbidity (OR:6.33,95% CI:2.96–13.79,P<0.0001,OR:14.08,95% CI:4.99–41.66,P<0.0001) were all independent predictors,and comorbidity had the highest predictive value.Number of re-hospitalization stay,admission frequency within 12 months and medical expenditure within 2 months were the highest in patients with ACS with comorbidity.Conclusions:Major depression and anxiety may predict 12-month non-fatal MI and cardiac re-hospitalization.However,comorbidity has the highest predictive value with greater medical expenditure and worse QOL in Chinese patients with ACS.And depression with comorbid anxiety may be a new target of mood status in patients with ACS.

Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients with Psoriasis, Vitiligo, Acne, Eczema and Group of Patients with Miscellaneous Dermatological Diagnoses

Background: Dermatological conditions can be associated with high psychiatric comorbidity. Several studies reported high rates of depression and anxiety particularly for specific dermatological disorders such as psoriasis and acne. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the rates of psychiatric symptoms in patients with psoriasis, acne, vitiligo, and eczema versus patients who had other dermatological conditions;and to compare each dermatological group versus healthy control subjects. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in dermatology outpatient clinics in Khartoum. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess symptoms of anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D). ICD-10 criteria were used for clinical psychiatric diagnosis. Tabulated results were analyzed using Chi-square test. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: HADS-D scores above the cut off points were significantly higher in patients with psoriasis (P = 0.0062), vitiligo (P = 0.0054), acne (P = 0.0103) and eczema (P = 0.0359) compared with healthy subjects. Similarly, HADS-A scores above the cut off points were significantly higher in patients with psoriasis (P < 0. 0.0001), vitiligo (P = 0.0001), acne (P = 0.0143) and eczema (P = 0.0281) compared with healthy subjects. No significant difference between the control group and patients with other dermatologic conditions regarding both HADS-D and HADS-A scores. Using ICD-10 criteria for clinical psychiatric diagnoses indicated that 52.3% of dermatology patients had an associated ICD-10 diagnosis;most commonly anxiety disorders (28.6%), and depression (21.9%). ICD-10 diagnoses of anxiety disorders included: OCD (13.3%) generalized anxiety disorder (5.7%), panic disorder (4.8%), phobic anxiety disorder (3.8%) and post-traumatic stress disorder (0.95%). Conclusion: Dermatological conditions are associated with high rates of psychiatric comorbidity. Screening for anxiety and depressive symptoms may be helpful for early diagnosis and management of associated psychiatric symptoms.

偏头痛与焦虑抑郁共病的研究进展

临床中,偏头痛患者常伴发焦虑抑郁,焦虑抑郁常与偏头痛共病,二者相互作用,不仅增加治疗难度,且影响患者正常生活。为促进二者共病的合理诊治,全面了解二者之间的关系,现对偏头痛与共病焦虑抑郁共病的疾病负担、全球负担、流行病学、共病机制、诊断及和治疗进行综述。

高血压与抑郁障碍和焦虑障碍共患率及关联因素现况研究

目的:描述高血压人群抑郁障碍和焦虑障碍的患病率,探讨关联因素。方法:利用2013年中国慢性病及其危险因素监测与2013-2015年中国精神卫生调查合并所得数据库,以其中的4861名高血压患者作为研究对象,以美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版为抑郁障碍和焦虑障碍的诊断标准,计算抑郁障碍和焦虑障碍的12个月患病率,采用多因素logistic回归模型探讨高血压共患抑郁障碍和焦虑障碍的关联因素。结果:在4861名高血压患者中,抑郁障碍和焦虑障碍的12个月患病率分别为4.1%和5.0%。汉族[OR(95%CI):2.00(1.01~3.93)]、睡眠不足[OR(95%CI):1.82(1.34~2.48)]、过去1年患心肌梗死[OR(95%CI):2.35(1.18~4.67)]、过去1年患脑卒中[OR(95%CI):2.10(1.19~3.72)]以及慢阻肺患病[OR(95%CI):2.11(1.11~4.05)]是高血压共患抑郁障碍的危险因素。与本次测量中血压值高于正常范围的人群相比,血压得到控制[OR(95%CI):2.01(1.30~3.13)]的高血压人群共患抑郁障碍的风险更高。汉族[OR(95%CI):2.51(1.32~4.80)]、西南地区[OR(95%CI):1.64(1.02~2.63)]以及睡眠不足[OR(95%CI):1.45(1.09~1.93)]是高血压共患焦虑障碍的危险因素。以前吸烟但现在不吸[OR(95%CI):0.48(0.23~0.99)]是高血压共患焦虑障碍的保护因素。结论:该高血压人群中焦虑障碍的12个月患病率高于抑郁障碍。汉族和睡眠不足的高血压人群共患抑郁障碍和焦虑障碍的风险均更高。

癫痫患者共患抑郁和焦虑危险因素分析及其与生存质量的关系

目的探讨成年癫痫患者共患抑郁和焦虑的危险因素及其与生活质量的关系。方法收集2022年5月至2023年1月神经内科诊断为癫痫、年龄≥18岁的患者。记录患者一般人口学资料及疾病相关信息。所有患者均进行生活质量、抑郁、焦虑量表测定。采用SPSS 26.0软件分别进行多元线性回归分析、多元有序logistic回归分析、秩和检验、皮尔逊相关性分析等。结果111例患者中49.5%的患者存在抑郁,43.2%的患者存在焦虑。抑郁评分与焦虑评分与发作类型、发作频率、生活质量、右侧颞叶相关,生活质量评分与焦虑评分和抑郁评分均呈负相关(P<0.01)。发作频率、发作类型、右侧颞叶是癫痫患者抑郁、焦虑的共同危险因素(P<0.05)。结论癫痫共患病抑郁和焦虑受发作频率和发作类型等的影响,而这种不良的情绪进一步影响患者的生活质量。癫痫发作的偏侧化与抑郁和焦虑状态的存在之间目前还没发现有明确的联系。

老年急性脑卒中后情绪障碍与机体营养及生活质量的相关性

目的分析老年急性脑卒中后情绪障碍与机体营养及生活质量的相关性。方法纳入2021年3月至2023年6月西安交通大学第二附属医院老年急性脑卒中亚急性期患者160例,分别采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、微型营养评估量表(MNA)、健康调查量表(SF-36)评估焦虑、抑郁、营养状态及生活质量,分析卒中后焦虑抑郁共病(PSCAD)与营养状态客观指标及MNA、SF-36的关系。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,组间比较分别采用t检验、秩和检验及χ^(2)检验。结果160例患者HAMA得分(15.57±3.67)分,HAMD得分(13.54±4.23)分,56例判定为PSCAD;PSCAD组体质量指数、上臂肌团周径、前白蛋白、NMA评分低于非PSCAD组(P<0.05),两组NMA分级差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PSCAD组SF-36量表体力、身体疼痛、一般健康、活力、社会功能、情感功能、心理健康均低于非PSCAD组(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析显示,HAMA、HAMD与NMA、体力、身体疼痛、一般健康、活力、社会功能、情感功能、心理健康评分均呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论老年急性脑卒中患者中存在PSCAD的患者其机体营养状态和生活质量多个维度受明显影响,焦虑、抑郁情绪与营养状态及生活质量密切相关。

团体归因训练结合运动干预对抑郁焦虑共病青少年患者社会功能及自我效能感的影响

目的分析团体归因训练结合运动干预对抑郁焦虑共病青少年患者社会功能及自我效能的影响。方法纳入该院2022年11月至2023年12月期间收治的抑郁焦虑共病青少年患者386例进行研究,以抽签法随机分为对照组(n=193、运动干预)、观察组(n=193、团体归因训练结合运动干预),比较两组患者社会功能、自我效能感以及归因方式评分。结果护理后,观察组患者社会功能、自我效能感评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理后,观察组内外维度、持续维度、普遍维度评分高于对照组,无望感评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对焦虑抑郁共病青少年患者实施团体归因训练结合运动干预,能够提升患者的社会功能、强化其自我效能感且促使其形成积极的归因方式,值得推广。

老年抑郁症和焦虑障碍共病患者的临床特征

目的探讨老年抑郁症和焦虑障碍共病患者的临床特征。方法根据美国精神障碍诊断手册第四版(DSM-IV)的诊断标准,把78例老年抑郁症患者分为两组,单纯抑郁症组(抑郁症组,N=44)及抑郁症和焦虑障碍共病组(共病组N=34)。对所有对象评定一般人口学资料及老年抑郁量表(GDS)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、简易智能状态评定量表(MMSE)和健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)等,比较两组患者间差异。结果抑郁症组与共病组患者的性别、年龄、病程、居住情况、家族史、民族、发病诱因和受教育年限等方面的差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。GDS总分(14.0±1.2/12.1±2.0,t=4.92)、HAMD(38.1±4.0/33.4±4.7,t=4.35)和HAMA总分(22.6±5.5/11.7±2.7,t=10.93)及其因子分、HAMD第3项(自杀)条目分、SF-36躯体功能(79.2±13.6/69.1±13.6,t=3.25)、社交功能(70.0±21.2/50.0±22.5,t=4.02)评分共病组均高于抑郁症组差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论老年抑郁症和焦虑障碍共病患者较单纯抑郁患者的抑郁和焦虑症状更重、自杀风险大、生活质量更差。

血清单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物在重度抑郁症及抑郁共病焦虑障碍诊断中的应用

目的观察血清单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物在抑郁症及抑郁共病焦虑障碍中水平的变化,并探讨其相关性。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定26例抑郁共病焦虑障碍、19例重度抑郁症评定:24项汉密尔顿抑郁量表总分>24和23例正常人血清的单胺类神经递质代谢产物血清肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、五羟色胺(5-HT)以及二羟基苯乙酸(DOPAC)、高香草酸(HVA)、5-羟基吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)的浓度,并比较两组上述单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物浓度的变化、比值和相关系数的差异。结果抑郁症组患者血清NE和E的浓度分别为(1.95±1.08)、(2.55±0.96)ng/L,共病组为(4.51±3.4)、(4.06±2.26)ng/L,对照组为(4.71±1.93)、(3.89±2.44)ng/L,3组两两之间相比均具有显著差异(P<0.05)。共病组血清5-HIAA、HAV的浓度为(0.9±1.5)、(1.58±1.48)ng/L,其浓度与对照组[分别为(0.17±0.08)、(0.76±0.39)ng/L]相比具有显著差异(P<0.05)。抑郁症组DOPAC与NE、5-HT与5-HIAA、HVA与5-HIAA的有明显的相关性(P<0.05);同时,抑郁症组与对照组相比,HVA/NE、DOPAC/NE、5-HIAA/NE、5-HT/5-HIAA、DOPAC/HVA比值存在显著差异(P<0.05),共病组在HVA/NE、5-HT/5-HIAA及DOPAC/HVA比值有显著差异(P<0.05)。抑郁症组与共病组各比值间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论血清单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物可反映大脑单胺类神经递质的平衡状态,其水平变化可作为抑郁症诊断生物标志的一个重要参考指标。

焦虑和抑郁障碍共病的血脂水平研究

目的 探讨血脂与焦虑和抑郁障碍共病的关系。方法 采用酶法检测焦虑和抑郁障碍共病 2 5例、30例重性抑郁症、2 0例焦虑症患者和 4 0例正常人的血清总胆固醇 (CHO)、甘油三酯 (TG)、高密度脂蛋白—胆固醇(HDL C)和低密度脂蛋白—胆固醇 (LDL C)。结果 共病组患者的血CHO浓度显著高于抑郁组、焦虑组和正常对照组 ;共病组的血TG浓度显著高于抑郁组和正常对照组 ,与焦虑组无显著性差异 ;共病患者的血HDL C浓度显著低于正常对照组 ,与抑郁组和焦虑组无显著性差异 ;共病组的血LDL C浓度显著高于抑郁组、焦虑组和正常对照组。

抑郁症共病其他精神障碍的特点及相关因素

目的:了解一般人群中抑郁症患者共病其他精神障碍的情况和特点及相关因素。方法:以河北省精神疾病流行病学抽样调查中诊断的现患抑郁症399例为研究对象,以美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第四版轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查患者版(Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-Ⅳ AxisI Disorders-Patient Edition SCID-I/P)为诊断工具。采用大体功能量表(Global Assessment of Function,GAF)、匹茨堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)中国修订版评估患者的严重程度和睡眠质量。结果:399例抑郁症患者与其他精神障碍的共病率为48.4%,其中37.1%共病1种精神障碍,11.3%共病2种精神障碍。共病焦虑障碍占35.6%,共病未特定的焦虑障碍20.05%,共病心境恶劣障碍14.04%,共病创伤后应激障碍5.26%,共病广泛焦虑症4.26%,共病惊恐障碍3.01%。共病组患者精神运动性激越、自杀观念和行为等症状出现的频率明显高于非共病组(62.69%vs.48.06%,45.08%vs.35.44%,7.77%vs.1.94%,Ps<0.05)。Lo-gistic回归分析显示信仰宗教是共病心境恶劣障碍的保护性因素,60～69岁是共病未特定焦虑障碍的危险因素,20～29岁、60～69岁、低收入、独居是共病惊恐障碍的危险因素,40～59岁是共病创伤后应激障碍高风险年龄,已婚是保护性因素。结论:抑郁症共病其他精神障碍的现象比较常见,其中共病心境恶劣障碍和未特定焦虑障碍较多见,共病不同精神障碍的危险因素和保护性因素不同。

功能性消化不良和神经精神心理因素的共病分析

目的探讨功能性消化不良(FD)和神经精神心理因素共病的影响因素。方法选取2012年3月至2015年9月广东省化州市人民医院收治的FD患者132例,根据焦虑、抑郁患病情况分为FD组和共病组。比较两组患者的汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMA)评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMD)评分,对两组患者的临床资料进行分析。结果 FD组患者的HAMA、HAMD评分分别为(12.54±5.69)分、(13.11±5.27)分;共病组患者的HAMA、HAMD评分分别为(19.83±3.25)分、(20.05±4.13)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者的年龄、性别、病程、BMI、婚姻状况、遗传史、负性生活事件、生活质量评分及合并其他功能性胃肠病比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对单因素分析中有统计学意义的指标进行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示年龄、婚姻状况、负性生活事件、生活质量评分及合并其他功能性胃肠病是影响FD和焦虑、抑郁共病的独立危险因素。结论 FD与神经精神心理障碍的共病率较高,其中患者年龄、婚姻状况、负性生活事件、生活质量评分及合并其他功能性胃肠病是影响FD和焦虑、抑郁共病的独立危险因素。

急性冠脉综合征患者焦虑抑郁情绪的发生与影响因素分析

目的探讨急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者焦虑抑郁发生情况及相关影响因素。方法连续入选2011年1～11月在我院心内科住院的ACS患者236例,采用综合医院焦虑抑郁评分量表对所有患者行心理测评,评价焦虑、抑郁及焦虑抑郁共病的发生率,对年龄、性别、体质量指数、文化程度、医保类型、合并其他疾病及ACS并发症等影响因素进行分析,得出焦虑抑郁及共病发生的影响因素。结果 236例ACS患者中,焦虑及抑郁的发生率分别33.5%和32.2%,焦虑抑郁共病发生率22%。Logistic回归分析发现,女性、初中及以下学历和射血分数<50%是焦虑、抑郁的重要影响因素(P<0.05);合并糖尿病和体质量指数<24 kg/m2对抑郁影响更显著(P<0.05);女性、自费和射血分数<50%患者更容易同时并存焦虑抑郁情绪(P<0.05)。结论 ACS后并发焦虑抑郁情绪,为多种影响因素共同作用结果,对于此类患者,应引起临床医师重视,尽早给予心理干预。