Corneal astigmatism correction with scleral flaps in trans-scleral suture-fixed posterior chamber lens implantation:a preliminary clinical observation

AIM: To study the impact of scleral flap position, under which the posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PC-IOL) were sulcus-fixed by trans-scleral suture, on cornea astigmatism. METHODS: Twenty-six aphakic or cataract eyes were comprised in this prospective noncomparative case series study. Eleven eyes had traumatic cataract removed without sufficient capsular support, 3 had blunt trauma with subluxated traumatic cataract, 8 had undergone vitreoretinal surgery and 4 had congenital cataract removed. The average age was 54 years (range 21-74 years), with 17 men and 7 women. The foldable PC-IOL was fixed in sulcus by trans-scleral suture. The incision for IOL implantation was made 1mm posterior to limbus along the steepest meridian of cornea, while scleral flaps to bury the knots of trans-scleral suture were made along the flattest meridian. All the surgeries were performed by a single doctor (Ma L), and the follow up was at least 13 months (range 13-28 months). The preoperative, 3 months and 1 year postoperative corneal curvature along the steepest and flattest cornea meridian and overall cornea astigmatism were compared. RESULTS: The curvature along the steepest meridian changed from 44.25 +/- 2.22D preoperatively to 44.08 +/- 2.16D at 3 months postoperatively, and 43.65 +/- 5.23D at 1 year postoperatively (P>0.05); the curvature along the flattest meridian changed from 41.24 +/- 2.21D preoperatively to 43.15 +/- 3.94D at 3 months postoperatively, and 42.85 +/- 5.17D at 1 year postoperatively (P<0.05); and the surgery induced astigmatism (SIA) on cornea was calculated by vector analysis, which was 2.42 +/- 2.13D at 3 months postoperatively, and 2.18 +/- 3.42D at 1 year postoperatively, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The scleral flap made along the flattest meridian, under which the posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PCIOL) were sulcus-fixed by trans-scleral suture, can steepen the cornea in varying degrees, thus reducing preexisting corneal astigmatism.

New Management of Angle-closure Glaucoma by Phacoemulsification with Foldable Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Implantation

Objective:To investigate the management of angle-closure glaucoma by phacoemulsification with foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens(PC-IOL)implantation.Design:Retrospective,noncontrolled interventional case series.Participants:In36eyes with angle-closure glaucoma(ACG),there were18eyes with primary acute angle-closure glaucoma(PACG),14eyes with primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma(PCCG),3eyes with secondary acute angle-closure glaucoma(SACG)and 1eye with secondary chronic angle-closure glaucoma(SCCG).Intervention:Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.Main Outcome Measures:Postoperative visual acuity,IOP,axial anterior chamber depth.Results:After a mean postoperative follow-up time of 8.81±7.45months,intraocular pressure was reduced from a preoperative mean of 23.81±17.84mmHg to a postoperative mean of 12.54±4.73mmHg(P=0.001).Mean anterior hamber depth was1.75±0.48mm preoperatively and2.29±0.38mm postoperatively(P=0.000).Best spectacle-corrected visual acuith in 36eyes ranged from0.01to0.7(20/200to20/30)postoperatively,which was better than preoperative VA ranging from hand movement to 0.4(20/50)(P=0.000).Conclusion:Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber foldable intraocular lens implantation can be a good alternative in treating angle-closure glaucoma,Eye Science 2000;16:22-28.

New Management of Malignant Glaucoma by Phacoemulsification with Posterior Chamber Foldable Intraocular Lens Implantation

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of phacoemulsification with posterior chamber foldable intraocular lens implantation in the management of malignant glaucoma. Patients and Methods:Fourteen patients with malignant glaucoma diagnosed in the Department of Glaucoma were enrolled in the study.12 patients developed malignant glaucoma after filtration surgery.1 developed after peripheral iridectomy.1 patient developed malignant glaucoma without any clear cause.Cataract phacoemulsification was performed.Posterior chamber intraocular foldable lens was implanted in 10 cases of patients.Results:All 14 patients were cured wiht normal intraocular pressure,normal anterior chamber depth and increased visual acuity.Conclusion:Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber foldable intraocular lens implantation is a good alternative in treating malignant glaucoma.

Membrane Formation on the Surface of Implanted Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses

Purpose:To study the prevention and treatment of the membrane formation on the lens surface after extracapsular cataract extraction(ECCE)with posterior chamber intraocular lens(PCIOL)implantation.Methods:We reviewed the records of 312 cataractous patients that had undergone ECCEwith PCIOLimplantation between1989and1993,Postoperatively all pa-tients were examined under slit-lamp microscopy.The membrane formation on the surface of PCIOLin pupilar area was divided into four grades.Two mem-branes of surgical removal were observed under a transmission electrom mi-croscopy.One PCIOLof surgical removal was observed under a scanning electron microscopy.Results;Of312 patients,21 had the membrane formation on the surface of the PCIOL postoperatively.The incidence of the membrane formation was6.7%.Comparisone with cases of senile cataract showed the incidence to be significantly the highest among;1.patients who had traumatic cataract(P<0.05);2.pa-tients with complicated cataract(P<0.05).Interoperatively residual lens corten and rupture of posterior capsule,interval time betwwen the first and second eye operations less than 1month are the main factors of menbrane formation.The ultrastructure in membrane and cytology on the lens surface showed that the membrane on the surface of PCIOLs is usually composed of acellular protein film and cellular elements,including macrophages.fibroblast-like cells,epithelioid cells,giant cells,fibroblasts and collagen fibrils,etc.Conclusions:The cellular response on the surface of an implanted PCIOLis a chonic foreign-body inflammatory reaction and the membrane of the surfaceof implanted PCIOL is a reactive membrane of the foreign-body.Eye Science1995;11:131-135.

Clinical Effect Analysis of Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Implantation for Correcting High Myopia and Astigmatism

Objective:To explore the corrective effect of posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation with phakic eyes in the treatment of high myopia and astigmatism.Methods:From May 2023,the hospital began to collect the case data of diagnosis and treatment of high myopia and astigmatism.By May 2024,310 cases were included,all of which were treated with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.The visual acuity,astigmatism and axial position of the intraocular lens were observed before and after treatment.Results:At different time points after the operation,the patient’s vision was significantly improved compared with that before the operation(P<0.05),and the vision level was equal to or greater than the best-corrected vision before the operation.At different time points after the operation,the average rotation of the intraocular lens was less than 5 degrees.Astigmatism was significantly lower than that before the operation(P<0.05).After the operation,the intraocular pressure increased in 11 cases,accounting for 3.55%,with no adverse complications such as lens turbidity,glare and obvious halo occurring.Conclusion:The posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation with phakic eyes has an ideal correction effect in the treatment of high myopia and astigmatism,which can effectively improve the vision level of patients and reduce the degree of astigmatism,and has high effectiveness and safety.

Clinical prediction of insufficient vaults after implantable collamer lens implantation

AIM:To determine the factors related to preoperative ocular characters that are predictive of insufficient vault(<250μm)after implantable collamer lens(ICL V4c;STAAR Surgical)implantation.METHODS:The participants underwent ICL surgery and were divided into the low(<250μm)and normal(250-1000μm)vault groups based on the postoperative vault at 3mo.The preoperative biometric parameters and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups.The relationship between the 3-month vault values and preoperative ocular parameters were evaluated by Generalized estimating equations.RESULTS:Sixteen(23 eyes)and 36 patients(63 eyes)were in the low and normal vault groups,respectively.All implantation procedures were uneventful with no cataract formation in the early postoperative period.The sulcusto-sulcus lens rise(STSL)and iris ciliary angle(ICA)were correlated with vault at 3mo after surgery.Every 0.1 mm increase in STSL was associated with 38.9μm decrease in the postoperative 3-month vault.A rise of 1 degree in ICA is associated with a reduction of 4μm in vault.CONCLUSION:Eyes with a narrow ciliary sulcus are associated with a higher rate of low vault after ICL implantation,suggesting a need for adjustments to the ICL size in these patients.Evaluating the characteristics of the ciliary sulcus contributes valuable information to predict low vault after surgery.

A Clinical Analysis of 120 Cases with Traumatic Cataract Treated by Extracapsular Cataract Extraction and Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Implantation

Extracapsular cataract extraction was performed combined with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation on 120 inpatients (122 eyes) with traumatic cataract from 1992 to 1997. The results revealed that this combined operation can make most of them get useful visual acuity, although they were often accompanied with several comlicated eye injuries. We think the most important thing is to choose suitable opertion time, the reasonable operation method and take close followup after operation.

Posterior segment nucleotomy for dislocated sclerotic cataractous lens using chandelier endoilluminator and sharp tipped chopper

· AIM: To describe a new surgical technique for managing dislocated sclerotic cataractous lens.· METHODS: Six patients with advanced posteriorly dislocated cataracts were operated at a tertiary care centre and analyzed retrospectively. After standard 3 port23 G pars plana vitrectomy and perfluorocarbon liquid(PFCL) injection, the dislocated white cataract was held with occlusion using phaco fragmatome and then chopped into smaller pieces with a sharp tipped chopper using 25 G chandelier endoilluminator. Each piece was emulsified individually. Following aspiration of PFCL,Fluid Air Exchange was done in all the cases and surgery completed uneventfully.·RESULTS: Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) in all the patients was better than 6/12 after one month of follow up. No serious complications were noted till minimum 6mo of follow up.·CONCLUSION: Four port posterior segment nucleotomy with a chandelier endoilluminator, fragmatome and a chopper appears to be a safe, easy and effective procedure for managing dislocated sclerotic cataractous nuclei. Ultrasonic energy used and adverse thermal effects of the fragmatome on the sclera may be lesser.

Overexpression of TRPV1 activates autophagy in human lens epithelial cells under hyperosmotic stress through Ca^(2+)-dependent AMPK/mTOR pathway

●AIM:To explore whether autophagy functions as a cellular adaptation mechanism in lens epithelial cells(LECs)under hyperosmotic stress.●METHODS:LECs were treated with hyperosmotic stress at the concentration of 270,300,400,500,or 600 mOsm for 6,12,18,24h in vitro.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was employed for the mRNA expression of autophagyrelated genes,while Western blotting detected the targeted protein expression.The transfection of stub-RFP-sens-GFPLC3 autophagy-related double fluorescence lentivirus was conducted to detect the level of autophagy flux.Scanning electron microscopy was used to detect the existence of autolysosome.Short interfering RNA of autophagy-related gene(ATG)7,transient receptor potential vanilloid(TRPV)1 overexpression plasmid,related agonists and inhibitors were employed to their influence on autophagy related pathway.Flow cytometry was employed to test the apoptosis and intracellular Ca^(2+)level.Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1 staining.The cell counting kit-8 assay was used to calculate the cellular viability.The wound healing assay was used to evaluate the wound closure rate.GraphPad 6.0 software was utilized to evaluate the data.●RESULTS:The hyperosmotic stress activated autophagy in a pressure-and time-dependent manner in LECs.Beclin 1 protein expression and conversion of LC3B II to LC3B I increased,whereas sequestosome-1(SQSTM1)protein expression decreased.Transient Ca^(2+)influx was stimulated caused by hyperosmotic stress,levels of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)phosphorylation decreased,and the level of AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)phosphorylation increased in the early stage.Based on this evidence,autophagy activation through the Ca^(2+)-dependent AMPK/mTOR pathway might represent an adaptation process in LECs under hyperosmotic stress.Hyperosmotic stress decreased cellular viability and accelerated apoptosis in LECs and cellular migration decreased.Inhibition of autophagy by ATG7 knockdown had similar results.TRPV1 overexpression increased autophagy and might be crucial in the occurrence of autophagy promoted by hyperosmotic stress.●CONCLUSION:A combination of hyperosmotic stress and autophagy inhibition may be a promising approach to decrease the number of LECs in the capsular bag and pave the way for improving prevention of posterior capsular opacification and capsular fibrosis.

Hydrophobic versus hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens on posterior capsule opacification: a Meta-analysis

AIM: To conduct a Meta-analysis pooling randomized controlled trials(RCTs) to compare hydrophobic with hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses in terms of posterior capsule opacification(PCO) development.METHODS: Electronic databases including PubMed,Embase, and the Cochrane Library were queried from their starting till January 2020. RCTs investigating the impact of hydrophobic versus hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses on PCO were considered eligible in this study. The pooled effect estimates were calculated using the random-effects model.RESULTS: Thirteen RCTs comprising of 939 patients(1263 eyes) were covered in this study. Patients with hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses had a lower PCO score than those with a hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses [standard mean difference:-1.80;95% confidence interval(CI):-2.62 to-0.98;P<0.001]. Moreover, the frequency of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG)capsulotomy in patients with hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses was significantly lower than patients with hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses(relative risk: 0.38;95%CI: 0.20-0.71;P=0.003).CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses are superior to hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses in patients after cataract surgery due to lower PCO score and reduced Nd:YAG capsulotomy. While similar studies are conducted by other researchers, the present study conducted subgroup analyses that show superior results with hydrophobic lenses in trials conducted in western countries.

Safety and visual outcomes following posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens bilensectomy

Background:To evaluate the safety,efficacy,refractive outcomes and causes for bilensectomy(phakic intraocular lens–pIOL–explantation with cataract surgery and pseudophakic intraocular lens implantation)in patients previously implanted with posterior chamber pIOLs.Methods:This multi-center retrospective study included 87 eyes of 55 patients who underwent bilensectomy for posterior chamber pIOL with a follow up time of 12 months.The uncorrected and best corrected distance visual acuities(UDVA,CDVA),endothelial cell density before and after bilensectomy were assessed,as well as the cause of bilensectomy and intra or postoperative complications.Results:There was a statistically significant improvement in uncorrected and best corrected visual acuities after bilensectomy(p=0.00).The main reason for bilensectomy was cataract development(93.1%of the cases),followed by miscalculation of lens size,and corneal edema.The endothelial cell count remained stable without a statistically significant change after surgery(p=0.67).The refractive efficacy index was 0.8,none of the patients lost lines of CDVA after surgery,73%of the patients were within±1 D(spherical equivalent)of the target refraction.Intraoperative complications were one posterior capsule rupture with the intraocular lens(IOL)implanted in the sulcus,and 3 eyes required the use of pupil expanders for adequate pupil dilation.Postoperatively,one eye developed retinal detachment.The three pIOLs models explanted were the Implantable Collamer Lens(ICL),Implantable Phakic Contact Lens(IPCL)and the Phakic Refractive Lens(PRL).Conclusions:Good safety and visual outcomes were observed 1 year after bilensectomy for posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses(PC pIOLs).There were few intra and postoperative complications and there was no significant endothelial cell loss after the bilensectomy procedure.

Comparison of posterior capsule opacification at 360-degree square edge hydrophilic and sharp edge hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens in diabetic patients

·AIM: To compare posterior capsule opacification(PCO)degree and visual functions after phacoemulsification in eyes implanted with 360-degree square edge hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens(IOL)(570C C-flex, Rayner) and sharp edge hydrophobic acrylic IOL(Sensar AR40 e,AMO) in diabetic patients.· METHODS: Sixty diabetic patients underwent uneventful phacoemulsification and randomly implanted one of the two IOLs. The PCO value was measured by retroillumination photographs and Evaluation of Posterior Capsule Opacification(EPCO) 2000 image-analysis software at 1, 6, 12, and 24 mo after surgery. Visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity in photopic and mesopic conditions were also examined at each follow up time point. The incidence of eye that required Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy were also compared.·RESULTS: There was not any statistically significant difference in PCO scores between Rayner C-flex 570 C group and Sensar AR40 e group at each follow up time point. Visual acuity, Nd:YAG capsulotomy incidence and contrast sensitivity also had no significant difference during the 24 mo follow-up.·CONCLUSION: For diabetic patients, Rayner 570 C Cflex and Sensar AR40 e IOLs are same effective for prevent PCO. The 360-degree square edge design maybe is a good alternative technique to improve PCO prevention.

Effect of four different intraocular lenses on posterior capsule opacification

AIM: To evaluate the impact of 4 different intraocular lenses(IOLs) on posterior capsule opacification(PCO) by comparing the neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet(Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy rates.METHODS: This retrospective study included 4970 eyes of 4013 cataract patients who underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation between January 2000 and January 2008 by the same surgeon at one clinic. Four different IOLs were assessed. The outcome parameter was the incidence of Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomies.· RESULTS: An Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was performed in 153(3.07%) of the 4970 eyes. The mean follow-up time was 84 mo for all of the IOL groups. The percentage of eyes developing PCO was significantly greater for the acrylic hydrophilic IOLs than for the hydrophobic IOLs, although eyes with acrylic hydrophilic IOLs did not require Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy as soon as eyes with acrylic hydrophobic IOLs. There was no difference between the long-term PCO rates when 1-and 3-piece acrylic hydrophobic IOLs were compared or when IOLs made of the same material but with different haptic angles were compared.· CONCLUSION: In this study, eyes with acrylic hydrophilic IOLs were more likely to develop PCO than those with acrylic hydrophobic IOLs. The lens design(1-piece versus 3-piece and varying haptic angles) did not affect the PCO rate.

Unilateral spontaneous lens absorption and dislocation of the empty capsular bag into the anterior chamber

Cases involving spontaneous aphakic change in the visual axis are rare in Outpatient Clinics. However, we can often ascertain the past events affecting the patient＇s eye by examining its current status. The placement of the dislocated internal material of the lens, the remnant lens capsular bag status, lens and zonular status of the contralateral eve.

Safety and visual outcomes following posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens bilensectomy

Background:To evaluate the safety,efficacy,refractive outcomes and causes for bilensectomy[phakic intraocular lens(plOL)explantation with cataract surgery and pseudophakic intraocular lens(IOL)implantation]in patients previously implanted with posterior chamber plOLs(PC plOLs).Methods:This multi-center retrospective study included 87 eyes of 55 patients who underwent bilensectomy for PC plOL with a follow-up time of 12 months.The uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities(UDVA,CDVA),endothelial cell density before and after bilensectomy were assessed,as well as the cause of bilensectomy and intra or postoperative complications.Results:There was a statistically significant improvement in UDVA and CDVA after bilensectomy(P=0.00).The main reason for bilensectomy was cataract development(93.1%of the cases),followed by miscalculation of lens size,and corneal edema.The endothelial cell count remained stable without a statistically significant change after surgery(P=0.67).The refractive efficacy index was 0.8,none of the patients lost lines of CDVA after surgery,73%of the patients were within±1.0D(spherical equivalent)of the target refraction.Intraoperative complications were one posterior capsule rupture with the IOL implanted in the sulcus,and three eyes required the use of pupil expanders for adequate pupil dilation.Postoperatively,one eye developed retinal detachment.The three plOLs models explanted were the implantable collamer lens(ICL);implantable phakic contact lens(IPCL)and the phakic refractive lens(PRL).Conclusions:Good safety and visual outcomes were observed one year after bilensectomy for PC plOLs.There were few intra and postoperative complications and there was no significant endothelial cell loss after the bilensectomy procedure.

Removal of intraocular foreign body in anterior chamber angle with prism contact lens and 23-gauge foreign body forceps

AIM：To introduce a novel approach in removal of anterior chamber angle foreign body（ACFB） using a prism contact lens and 23-gauge foreign body forceps.METHODS：Data of 42 eyes of 42 patients who had undergone removal of ACFB using a prism contact lens and 23-gauge foreign body forceps from January 2008 to October 2013 were collected and analyzed. Twenty eyes in group A received the conventional approach by using toothed forceps through corneal limbus incision, and 22 eyes in group B underwent the novel method through the opposite corneal limbus incision. RESULTS：The success rate of ACFB once removal was 75%（15/20） in group A, and 100%（22/22） in group B. The average operation time of group A was significantly longer compared with group B（34.9±9.88 min vs 22.13±8.85min; P〈0.05）. The average size of corneal limbus incision in group A was significantly larger than that of group B（4.85±1.89 mm vs 3.95±1.17 mm; P〈0.05）. The corneal limbus incision suturing were conducted in all eyes in group A, and only 5 eyes in group B. CONCLUSION：Removal of ACFB using a prism contact lens and 23-gauge foreign body forceps is a safer, more effective, and convenient technique compared with the conventional approach.

Posterior Chamber IOL Implantation in Traumatic Cataract with Injured Complications

Twenty-five cases of posterior chamber IOL implantation intraumatic cataract with complications associated with primary injury werereported.The operating methods were described and the post-operative com-plications were discussed.Seventy-two percent of patients have the correctvision over 20/40.It is suggested that the posterior chamber IOL can be im-planted in traumatic cataract with some injured complications.EYE SCIENCE1992;8:111-112.

Intraocular lens implantation performed first to protect the posterior capsule in Morgagnian cataracts during phacoemulsification

This study evaluated the safety of a modified method to implant an intraocular lens (IOL) into the capsular bag immediately after capsulorhexis with a whole or partial nucleus to protect the posterior capsule (PC) during phacoemulsification in a series of 12 Morgagnian cataracts. For 3 cases of hypermature cataracts with smaller and rigid nuclei, after a complete capsulorhexis, an IOL was directly inserted into the capsular bag, which protected the PC during the subsequent phacoemulsification process in the iris plate. For the other 9 cases with larger and softer nuclei, after the nucleus was partially emulsified, the IOL was inserted into the bag. Even with an obvious surge for some cases, the surgeries were uneventful in all 12 cases, with no PC rent or vitreous loss. IOL implantation into the capsular bag with a whole or partial nucleus can provide effective protection for the PC for hypermature cataract during phacoemulsification.

Correlation between Lens Thickness and Central Anterior Chamber Depth

Purpose:.To investigate gender differences in lens thickness (LT) and central anterior chamber depth (ACD) in normal subjects,.and to assess age associated changes in these measures. Methods:.The anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT), of 150 normal subjects (150 eyes) was measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS- OCT)..Gender differences were assessed by independent t-test,.and correlation analysis was used to examine the effect of age. Results:.The mean values of ACD and LT were 2.69±0.32 mm and 4.85±0.43 mm, respectively. Women had a significantly lower Mean ACD as compared to men (2.56±0.33 mm vs 2.85±0.29 mm; P﹤0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in LT between male and female subjects (P>0.05)..Correlation analysis findings suggest that LT increases with age (r=0.83,P﹤0.05), and that ACD decreases with age (r=-0.57,P﹤0.05). After controlling for LT, no significant correlation was observed between age and ACD (P>0.05). Conclusion:.The ACD of female subjects was,.on average, shallower than that of their male counterparts..Aging was associated with increasing LT,.and the observed narrowing of ACD with age,.might be partially mediated by the increasing LT.

Distribution of Axial Length, Anterior Chamber Depth and Lens Thickness of Pre-Operative Cataract Patients in Indonesian Population

Purpose: Biometry measurement of pre-operative cataract patients plays a major role in calculating intraocular lens power. This study aimed to review and determine the distribution of biometry components, such as axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT) of pre-operative cataract patient in Indonesian population. Methods: A cross-sectional study data were obtained from 2015-2018 cataract surgery at Prima Husada Citra Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. A total of 1295 eyes with cataract was included in the study based on their medical record. We analyzed the data using descriptive analysis and correlated each variable using the Spearman’s Rho analysis. Results: Mean AL, LT and ACD was 23.81 ± 1.46 mm, 4.49 ± 0.55 mm, 3.25 ± 0.70 mm respectively. Male has longer AL and deeper ACD with (p < 0.001), while LT was found thicker in female (p = 0.005). The increase of AL was accompanied by ACD (r = 0.457;p < 0.001) and a thinner LT (r = -0.101;p < 0.001). Conclusions: LT is increased with age while AL and ACD are shortened with age. There was a positive correlation between AL and ACD, but an inverse correlation between AL and LT.