Postprandial hyperglycemia and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in type 2 diabetes

Postprandial glucose level is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease that exerts effects greater than glucose levels at fasting state, whereas increase in serum triglyceride level, under both fasting and postprandial conditions, contributes to the development of arteriosclerosis. Insulin resistance is a prevailing cause of abnormalities in postabsorptive excursion of blood glucose and postprandial lipid profile. Excess fat deposition renders a vicious cycle of hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia in the postprandial state, and both of which are contributors to atherosclerotic change of vessels especially in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Several therapeutic approaches for ameliorating each of these abnormalities have been attempted, including various antidiabetic agents or new compounds targeting lipid metabolism.

Eruptive xanthomas in a patient with severe hypertriglyceridemia:A case report

BACKGROUND Xanthomatosis,a metabolic disorder causing yellow growths(xanthomas),poses challenges in lipid metabolism.This case study introduces the first documented instance within China's Yi population,emphasizing the need to explore dietary habits and treatment strategies tailored to this specific community.CASE SUMMARY Xanthomatosis is a metabolic disorder where lipid metabolism goes awry,resulting in the development of yellowish growths called xanthomas.A male patient,47 years of age,from China's Yi population,who is obese,visited our dermatology clinic complaining of widespread,non-painful rashes that have been present for two weeks.The patient works as a chef and has a diet that frequently includes oily and greasy foods.This case represents the initial documentation of xanthomatosis within the Yi population in China,offering a theoretical foundation for understanding dietary patterns and treatment options specific to the Yi community.CONCLUSION The first report of xanthomatosis in the Yi population in China lays a theoretical foundation for understanding Yi dietary patterns and treatment.

Effect of special types of bread with select herbal components on postprandial glucose levels in diabetic patients

BACKGROUND Nutrition recommendations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are to consume rye or integral bread instead of white bread.A positive effect on glucoregulation has been achieved by enriching food with various biologically active substances of herbal origin,so we formulated an herbal mixture that can be used as a supplement for a special type of bread(STB)to achieve better effects on postprandial glucose and insulin levels in patients with T2DM.AIM To compare organoleptic characteristics and effects of two types of bread on postprandial glucose and insulin levels in T2DM patients.METHODS This trial included 97 patients with T2DM.A parallel group of 16 healthy subjects was also investigated.All participants were given 50 g of rye bread and the same amount of a STB with an herbal mixture on 2 consecutive days.Postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels were compared at the 30^(th),60^(th),90^(th) and 120th min.A questionnaire was used for subjective estimation of the organoleptic and satiety features of the two types of bread.RESULTS Compared to patients who consumed rye bread,significantly lower postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations were found in T2DM patients who consumed STB.No relevant differences were found among the healthy subjects.Subjectively estimated organoleptic and satiety characteristics are better for STB than for rye bread.CONCLUSION STB have better effects than rye bread on postprandial glucoregulation in T2DM patients.Subjectively estimated organoleptic and satiety characteristics are better for STB than for rye bread.Therefore,STB can be recommended for nutrition in T2DM patients.

Clinical study of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-tolymphocyte ratio in hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis and acute biliary pancreatitis with persistent organ failure

BACKGROUND The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)are novel inflammatory indicators that can be used to predict the severity and prognosis of various diseases.We categorize acute pancreatitis by etiology into acute biliary pancreatitis(ABP)and hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis(HTGP).AIM To investigate the clinical significance of NLR and PLR in assessing persistent organ failure(POF)in HTGP and ABP.METHODS A total of 1450 patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis(AP)for the first time at Shanxi Bethune Hospital between January 2012 and January 2023 were enrolled.The patients were categorized into two groups according to the etiology of AP:ABP in 530 patients and HTGP in 241 patients.We collected and compared the clinical data of the patients,including NLR,PLR,and AP prognostic scoring systems,within 48 h of hospital admission.RESULTS The NLR(9.1 vs 6.9,P<0.001)and PLR(203.1 vs 160.5,P<0.001)were significantly higher in the ABP group than in the HTGP group.In the HTGP group,both NLR and PLR were significantly increased in patients with severe AP and those with a SOFA score≥3.Likewise,in the ABP group,NLR and PLR were significantly elevated in patients with severe AP,modified computed tomography severity index score≥4,Japanese Severity Score≥3,and modified Marshall score≥2.Moreover,NLR and PLR showed predictive value for the development of POF in both the ABP and HTGP groups.CONCLUSION NLR and PLR vary between ABP and HTGP,are strongly associated with AP prognostic scoring systems,and have predictive potential for the occurrence of POF in both ABP and HTGP.

Splenic Vein Thrombosis as a Complication of Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Acute Pancreatitis

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an extensive inflammation condition that may lead to local and systemic complications, ranging from mild edematous peripancreatic fluid collection to multiorgan failure and death. Aim: To report the case of the patient with the complications that happened and the presented management. Case presentation: A 37-year-old female patient presented with acute necrotizing pancreatitis secondary to hypertriglyceridemia. During hospitalization, the patient developed severe ileus with splenic vein thrombosis. She was treated conservatively with Intravenous (IV) fluids, insulin infusion, anticoagulant, pain relief medication and antibiotics. Discussion: This case of pancreatitis induced splenic vein thrombosis (PIVST) was treated supportively with outstanding improvement of the patient’s symptoms. Conclusion: Acute pancreatitis can be complicated by splenic vein thrombosis that can be self-limited and treated with conservative measures.

Genetic Screening of the Lipoprotein Lipase Gene for Mutations in Chinese Subjects with or without Hypertriglyceridemia

Objective： To investigate the association between the mutations in lipoprotein lipase gene and hypertriglyceridemia （HTG）. Methods： The lipoprotein lipase （LPL） gene was screened for mutations in 386 Chinese subjects with （108 cases in the HTG group） or without HTG （278 cases in the control group）, by single-strand conformation polymorphism （SSCP） analysis and DNA sequencing. Results： One novel silent mutation L103L, one missense mutation P207L, three splicing mutations Int3/3＇ -ass/C（-6）→T, and the common S447X polymorphism has been identified in the whole coding region and exon-intron junctions of the LPL gene were examined. Heterozygous P207L found in the HTG group was the first case reported in Asia and subsequently another P207L heterozygote was found in the proband＇s family, all of which suggested that P207L was one of the causes of familial combined hyperlipidemia, but was not so prevalent as that in French Canadian. Int3/3＇-ass/C（-6）→T was found in both groups in the present study although it was regarded as a pathogenic variant to HTG earlier on. Moreover about the beneficial polymorphism S447X, there was also some supportive evidence that the levels of triglycerides （TG） in S447X carriers were significantly lower than noncarders in the subjects without HTG. Conclusions： The association between the LPL variants and HTG is quite complicated and versatile, genotyping of LPL in a larger-scale screening should be necessary and justifiable.

case of familial hyperlipoproteinemia type Ⅲ hypertriglyceridemia induced acute pancreatitis: role for outpatient apheresis maintenance therapy

Hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis(HTGP) accounts for up to 10% of acute pancreatitis presentations in nonpregnant individuals and is the third most common cause of acute pancreatitis after alcohol and gallstones. There are a number of retrospective studies and case reports that have suggested a role for apheresis and insulin infusion in the acute inpatient setting. We report a case of HTGP in a male with hyperlipoproteinemia type Ⅲ who was treated successfully with insulin and apheresis on the initial inpatient presentation followed by bi-monthly outpatient maintenance apheresis sessions for the prevention of recurrent HTGP. We also reviewed the literature for the different inpatient and outpatient management modalities of HTGP. Given that there are no guidelines or randomized clinical trials that evaluate the outpatient management of HTGP, this case report may provide insight into a possible role for outpatient apheresis maintenance therapy.

Severe acute pancreatitis due to tamoxifen-induced hypertriglyceridemia with diabetes mellitus

The side effects of tamoxifen are generally mild, including the effect on lipoprotein metabolism. However, there are few cases of severe tamoxifen induced hypertriglyceridemia. Hypertriglyceridemia is a marked risk factor for acute pancreatitis and approximately 2% to 5% of cases of acute pancreatitis are related to drugs. We report on tamoxifen-induced hypertriglyceridemia and acute pancreatitis in a 40 years old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus occurred by dexamethasone. She was treated with insulin infusion and fenofibrate, and goserelin acetate was started instead of tamoxifen after discharge from the hospital. Also, probable pathogenic hypotheses about the correlation between tamoxifen and dexamethasone induced type 2 diabetes mellitus on severe acute pancreatitis are provided. Clinicians should take care of risks of severe acute pancreatitis on using tamoxifen, especially for patients with dexamethasone induced diabetes mellitus. These individuals should undergo pre-post tamoxifen lipid screening and careful history taking of drugs, including dexamethasone.

Hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis: A case-based review

Hypertriglyceridemia is an established cause of pancreatitis. In a case-based approach, we present a review of hypertriglyceridemJa and how it can cause pancreatitis. We outline how to investigate and manage such patients. A 35 year old man presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and biochemical evidence of acute pancreatitis. There was no history of alcohol consumption and biliary imaging was normal. The only relevant past medical history was that of mild hyperlipidemia, treated with diet alone. Physical exam revealed epigastric tenderness, right lateral rectus palsy, lipemia retinalis, bitemporal hemianopsia and a delay in the relaxation phase of his ankle reflexes. Subsequent laboratory investigation revealed marked hypertriglyceridemia and panhypopituarism. An enhanced CT scan of the head revealed a large suprasellar mass impinging on the optic chiasm and hypothalamus. The patient was treated supportively; thyroid replacement and lipid lowering agents were started. He underwent a successful resection of a craniopharyngioma. Postoperatively, the patient did well on hormone replacement therapy. He has had no further attacks of pancreatitis. This case highlights many of the factors involved in the regulation of triglyceride metabolism. We review the common causes of hypertriglyceridemia and the proposed mechanisms resulting in pancreatitis. The incidence and management of hypertriglyceridemiainduced pancreatitis are also discussed.

Effect of admission hypertriglyceridemia on the episodes of severe acute pancreatitis

AIM： To investigate the effect of admission hypertriglyceridemia （HTG） on the episodes of severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）. METHODS： One hundred and seventy-six patients with SAP were divided into HTG group （n = 45） and control group （n = 131） according to admission triglyceride （TG） ≥ 5.65 mmol/L and 〈 5.65 retool/L, respectively. Demographics, etiology, underlying diseases, biochemical parameters, Ranson＇ s score, acute physiology and chronic heath evaluation Ⅱ （APACHE Ⅱ） score, Balthazar＇s computed tomography （CT） score, complications and mortality were compared. Correlation between admission TG and 24-h APACHE Ⅱ score was analyzed. RESULTS： SAP patients with HTG were younger （40.8 ± 9.3 years vs 52.6 ± 13.4 years, P 〈 0.05） with higher etiology rate of overeating, high-fat diet （40.0% vs 14.5%, P 〈 0.05） and alcohol abuse （46.7% vs 23.7%, P 〈 0.01）, incidence rate of hypocalcemia （86.7% vs 63.4%, P 〈 0.01） and hypoalbuminemia （84.4% vs 60.3%, P 〈 0.01）, 24-h APACHE Ⅱ score （13.6 ± 5.7 vs 10.7 ± 4.6, P 〈 0.01） and admission serum glucose （17.7 ± 7.7 vs 13.4 ± 6.1, P 〈 0.01）, complication rate of renal failure （51.1% vs 16.8%, P 〈 0.01）, shock （37.9% vs 14.5%, P 〈 0.01） and infection （37.4% vs 18.3%, P 〈 0.01） and mortality （13.1% vs 9.1%, P 〈 0.01）. Logistic regression analysis showed a positive correlation between admission TG and 24-h APACHE Ⅱ score （r = 0.509, P = 0.004）.CONCLUSION： The clinical features of SAP patients with HTG are largely consistent with previous studies, HTG aggravates the episodes of SAP.

Dynamic changes of postprandial plasma metabolites after intake of corn-soybean meal or casein-starch diets in growing pigs

Background: Postprandial nutrients utilization and metabolism of a certain diet is a complicated process. The metabolic feature of pigs after intake of corn-soybean meal or casein-starch diets are largely unknown. Therefore,this study was conducted to investigate the dynamic postprandial changes of plasma metabolic profile using growing pigs using metabolomics.Methods: Twenty-four growing pigs with average initial body weight(BW) about 30 kg were placed in metabolic cages and then fitted with precaval vein catheters. Pigs were fed daily 4% of initial body weight. Two experimental diets were included:(i) a starch-casein based purified diet(PD) and(ii) a common corn-soybean meal diet(CD).Plasma was collected before feeding and 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h after feeding.Results: In both diets, compared to prior to feeding, the concentrations of glucose, most amino acids, metabolites such as 5-aminopentanoic acid, pipecolic acid, ornithine and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan were significantly increased in plasma during the first hour, whereas the concentrations of plasma triglycerides, glutamate, glycine, palmitelaidic acid, 13-HODE and oleic acid were decreased in the first hour. Compared with PD group, concentration of plasma leucine and isoleucine declined at 30 min in CD group. Plasma linoleic acid, sphingosine and many dipeptides were significantly higher in pigs fed CD.Conclusion: Most significant metabolic changes occurred during the first hour after feeding and then became relatively stable after 2 h in both diets. These results show a broad scope picture of postprandial changes in plasma metabolites after intake of PD and CD and could be a reference for further nutrition intervention as well as the design of nutritional studies.

Prevalence of and risk factors for postprandial hypotension in older Chinese men

Objective To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for postprandial hypotension （PPH） among old and very old Chinese men. Methods The study included 349 Chinese men aged 65 and older, grouped into two age categories： group 1 （old） included 163 men aged 65 to 80 years; group 2 （very old） included 186 men aged over 80 years. Blood pressure changes after meals were assessed every 15 min by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Symptoms after meal ingestion and after standing up and changes in the baseline condition relative to blood pressure changes were observed continuously. Additional baseline data included body mass index, medical history, and medication use Results The prevalence of PPH was 59.3% overall and was significantly higher in group 2 than group 1 （63.4% vs. 54.6%, P 〈 0.05）. In group 2, the prevalence of PPH after breakfast （33.8%） and lunch （32.1%） were higher than that after supper （20.9%）, P 〈 0.05. Hypertension and age were significant risk factors for PPH （OR = 2.188, 95% CI： 1.134-4.223, P = 0.02; OR = 1.86, 95% CI： 1.112-3.11, P = 0.018, respectively）. In contrast, acarbose use was protective against PPH （OR = 0.4, 95% CI： 0.189-0.847, P = 0.017）. The decrease in blood pres- sure during PPH was 20-40 mmHg and the maximum was 90 mmHg. PPH usually occurred at 30-60 min after a meal and lasted 30-120 rnin. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that the prevalence of PPH in men aged over 80 years is significantly higher than those in men aged 65 to 80 years, and the blood pressure decline is also higher for men aged over 80 years. In addition, hypertension and age were main risk factors for PPH in the older men, which suggest that preventing and treating PPH is worthwhile.

Cause of postprandial vomiting-a giant retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma enclosing large blood vessels: A case report

BACKGROUND Ganglioneuroma (GN) is a rare neurogenic tumor that accounts for about 0.1%- 0.5% of all tumors of the nervous system.It originates from neural crest cells.GN has no specific clinical symptoms or laboratory findings,which leaves it easily overlooked and misdiagnosed as other tumors.Retroperitoneal GN with very large volume and vascular penetration is extremely rare.CASE SUMMARY We present the imaging and pathological findings of a giant retroperitoneal GN in a child.A 4-year-old boy had suffered from postprandial vomiting for more than 6 mo with no precipitating factors.Abdominal computerized tomographic examination showed a giant cystic mass in the retroperitoneal area.After injection of contrast agent,the mass showed heterogeneous enhancement.Surgery with local excision of the mass was performed to address the embedded abdominal blood vessels,and the histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of the mass was GN.Postprandial vomiting was relieved,and no complications occurred after the operation.CONCLUSION In the diagnosis of giant retroperitoneal hypodense masses in children,GN should be considered if the mass presents delayed enhancement,punctate calcification,and vascular embedding but no invasion.Pathology is the golden standard for the diagnosis of GN,and surgical excision is the optimal treatment for GN.

Diagnostic evaluation of acute pancreatitis in two patients with hypertriglyceridemia

We present two diagnostically challenging cases of acute pancreatitis with hypertriglyceridemia accompanied with chylomicronemia caused with a deficiency of lipoprotein lipase and with the presence of type Ⅴ hyperlipidemia. Both cases suffered from acute abdomen following the ingestion of fatty food and revealed the increase in parameters of inflammation without significant elevation of serum amylase levels.The imaging examination of ultrasonography could not detect significant findings of acute pancreatitis and a computer tomography scan eventually confirmed the findings of acute pancreatitis.Both cases responded to a low fat diet and administration of a cholecystokinin receptor antagonist,exhibiting a relief of abdominal symptoms.As in the present cases with acute abdomen following the ingestion of fatty food,the identification of serum hypertriglyceridemia and an abdominal computer tomography scan might be useful in establishing the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and in developing the therapeutic regimen,when hypertriglyceridemia interferes with the evaluation of pancreatic enzyme activities and ultrasound examination provides poor pancreatic visualization.

Alcohol,postprandial plasma glucose,and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To identify factors associated with prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) after initial therapy.METHODS:A total of 377 HCC patients who were newly treated at Katsushika Medical Center,Japan from January 2000 to December 2009 and followed up for > 2 years,or died during follow-up,were enrolled.The factors related to survival were first analyzed in 377 patients with HCC tumor stage T1-T4 using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.A similar analysis was performed in 282 patients with tumor stage T1-T3.Additionally,factors associated with the period between initial and subsequent therapy were examined in 144 patients who did not show local recurrence.Finally,214 HCC stage T1-T3 patients who died during the observation period were classified into four groups according to their alcohol consumption and postprandial glucose levels,and differences in their causes of death were examined.RESULTS:On multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis,the following were significantly associated with survival:underlying liver disease stage [non-cirrhosis/Child-Pugh A vs B/C,hazard ratio(HR):0.603,95% CI:0.417-0.874,P = 0.0079],HCC stage(T1/T2 vs T3/T4,HR:0.447,95% CI:0.347-0.576,P < 0.0001),and mean postprandial plasma glucose after initial therapy(< 200 vs ≥ 200 mg/dL,HR:0.181,95% CI:0.067-0.488,P = 0.0008).In T1-T3 patients,uninterrupted alcohol consumption after initial therapy(no vs yes,HR:0.641,95% CI:0.469-0.877,P = 0.0055) was significant in addition to underlying liver disease stage(non-cirrhosis/Child-Pugh A vs B/C,HR:0649,95% CI:0.476-0.885,P = 0.0068),HCC stage(T1 vs T2/T3,HR:0.788,95% CI:0.653-0.945,P = 0.0108),and mean postprandial plasma glucose after initial therapy(< 200 mg/dL vs ≥ 200 mg/dL,HR:0.502,95% CI:0.337-0.747,P = 0.0005).In patients without local recurrence,time from initial to subsequent therapy for newly emerging HCC was significantly longer in the "postprandial glucose within 200 mg/dL group" than the "postprandial glucose > 200 mg/dL group"(log-rank test,P < 0.05),whereas there was no difference in the period between the "non-alcohol group"(patients who did not drink regularly or those who could reduce their daily consumption to < 20 g) and the "continuation group"(drinkers who continued to drink > 20 g daily).Of 214 T1-T3 patients who died during the observation period,death caused by other than HCC progression was significantly more frequent in "group AL"(patients in the continuation and postprandial glucose within 200 mg/dL groups) than "group N"(patients in the non-alcohol and postprandial glucose within 200 mg/dL groups)(P = 0.0016).CONCLUSION:This study found that abstinence from habitual alcohol consumption and intensive care for diabetes mellitus were related to improved prognosis in HCC patients.

Peripheral arterial disease, type 2 diabetes and postprandial lipidaemia: Is there a link?

Peripheral arterial disease, manifested as intermittent claudication or critical ischaemia, or identified by an ankle/brachial index < 0.9, is present in at least one in every four patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Several reasons exist for peripheral arterial disease indiabetes. In addition to hyperglycaemia, smoking and hypertension, the dyslipidaemia that accompanies type2 diabetes and is characterised by increased triglyceride levels and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations also seems to contribute to this association. Recent years have witnessed an increased interest in postprandial lipidaemia, as a result of various prospective studies showing that non-fasting triglycerides predict the onset of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease better than fasting measurements do. Additionally,the use of certain specific postprandial particle markers,such as apolipoprotein B-48, makes it easier and more simple to approach the postprandial phenomenon. Despite this, only a few studies have evaluated the role of postprandial triglycerides in the development of peripheral arterial disease and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this review is to examine the epidemiology and risk factors of peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes, focusing on the role of postprandial triglycerides and particles.

Different n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios affect postprandial metabolism in normal and hypertriglyceridemic rats

Postprandial metabolism plays major roles in many pathological conditions.The n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)ratio is closely related to various physiological disorders.This study aimed to investigate the effects of high fat meals with different n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios on postprandial metabolism in normal control(NC)and hypertriglyceridemia(HTG)rats.The postprandial response of triglyceride(TG)in HTG groups was higher than that in NC groups after different n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio meals.The HTG groups showed higher postprandial total cholesterol(TC)responses than NC groups after 1:1 and 20:1 ratio meals.The 5:1 n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio elicited lower postprandial responses of tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α)than 1:1 and 10:1 ratios in HTG groups.The postprandial malondialdehyde(MDA)response was lower after a 5:1 n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio meal than 1:1 and 20:1 ratio meals in HTG groups.The 1:1 ratio resulted in a lower postprandial reactive oxygen species(ROS)level than 5:1 and 10:1 n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios in NC groups.The results showed that a low n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio improved postprandial dysmetabolism induced by a high fat meal in NC and HTG rats.A high n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio increased the difference in postprandial metabolism between NC and HTG rats.

Two male study groups with adiposity and hypertriglyceridemia were at risk for hypertension and alcohol use declined renal endothelium

Men who attended a Bavarian General Medicine Practice were confidentially invented here. Two male study groups were enrolled to characterize adiposity or hypertriglyceridemia showing that these men were at baseline risk for hypertension [1]. Adverse alcohol consumption mediated dysfunction of renal endothelium as shown here and before [1]. This study found that alcohol use aggravated dyslipidemia, fatty liver disease and critical fasting blood glucose of obese men predicting then late hepatorenal disorders. Overall, two male study groups showed a relevant proportion of men who reported alcohol consumption showing then critical morning urines indicating dysfunction of renal endothelium. The present report looked also at healthy men who reported positive lifestyle behaviour and at men with nonalcohol adiposity and nonalcohol hypertriglyceridemia who then showed normal morning urines indicating functional renal endothelium. Relatively young men at risk were motivated to replace adverse alcohol use by healthy liquids without alcohol and by higher quality of food.

Effect of quercetin on postprandial glucose excursion after mono- and disaccharides challenge in normal and diabetic rats

Postprandial hyperglycemia is a major risk factor for diabetic complications leading to disabilities and mortality in diabetics. Quercetin, a flavonoid, has been tried in traditional medicine for treating diabetes. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential of quercetin to control postprandial blood glucose level after maltose and glucose loading in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Normal male Albino wistar rats and STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated with 300 and 600 mg/kg quercetin orally to evaluate the effect on postprandial hyperglycemia after carbohydrate loading, using acarbose as comparator. The results clearly showed ameliorated postprandial hyperglycemia due to the use of quercetin (300 and 600 mg/kg), it significantly dampened the postprandial hyperglycemia by 32.0% and 64.0% respectively, in maltose loaded diabetic rats, and 30.3% after 300 mg/kg dose in normal rats, compared to control;while acarbose produced 51% and 54% decrease in this respect in the two models respecttively. Quercetin in 600 mg/kg dose produces significantly more reduction in postprandial hyperglycemia compared to acarbose, while in rats that received glucose and quercetin, postprandial hyperglycemia was not significantly affected. In conclusion, quercetin effectively suppresses postprandial hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats loaded with maltose, which may be attributed to α-glucosidase inhibition. Quercetin could be used as a potential supplement for treating postprandial hyperglycemia.

Prior or Concomitant Drinking of Vegetable Juice with a Meal Attenuates Postprandial Blood Glucose Elevation in Healthy Young Adults

Controlling postprandial blood glucose levels can prevent and improve lifestyle-related diseases. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a commercially available vegetable juice, which is a convenient alternative to vegetables, on postprandial glucose elevation. In test 1, we confirmed the appropriate timing to consume the vegetable juice (200 mL), and demonstrated that postprandial glucose elevation was attenuated by drinking the vegetable juice with or before the experimental meal. The change in maximum concentration (ΔCmax) of blood glucose was the lowest when the vegetable juice was consumed at 30 min before the meal. In test 2, we confirmed the necessary ingestion volumes of vegetable juice (range: 68.5 - 274 mL) for attenuating the response to 50 g of carbohydrates. After drinking 200 mL of vegetable juice, the ΔCmax and incremental area under the curve values for blood glucose were significantly lower than those for after drinking the same volume of water (p < 0.05). However, a greater volume of vegetable juice did not provide an additive effect. Our results suggest that approximately 200 mL of vegetable juice at 30 min before meals is the most effective method for using vegetable juice to suppress postprandial blood glucose elevation. Stimulation of insulin secretion due to the pre-meal vegetable juice intake may contribute to this effect, although further studies are needed to identify the detailed mechanism for the attenuation.