Aphid is one of the most destructive insect pests on cultivated plants in temperate regions.Their piercing-sucking mouthparts and phloem feeding behavior directly damage crops and deplete plant nutrients.Potato(Solanu...Aphid is one of the most destructive insect pests on cultivated plants in temperate regions.Their piercing-sucking mouthparts and phloem feeding behavior directly damage crops and deplete plant nutrients.Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)is one of the most important food sources on the planet,and several aphid species,e.g.,Myzus persicae(Sulzer)(green peach aphid)and Macrosiphum euphorbiae(Thomas)(potato aphid)(Hemiptera:Aphididae)colonize potato and transmit several economically important viruses.Aphid-transmitted potato viruses have been emerging all over the world as a very serious problem in potato production,inducing a wide variety of foliar and tuber symptoms,leading to severe yield reduction and loss of tuber quality.In this review,recent advances in understanding the interactions of potato viruses with their hosts,aphid vectors and the environment are described.展开更多
A field trial was conducted to study the impact of various potato germplasm against aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Aphis gossypii Glover (Aphididae: Hemiptera) during rabi season from November to March in 2012-20...A field trial was conducted to study the impact of various potato germplasm against aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Aphis gossypii Glover (Aphididae: Hemiptera) during rabi season from November to March in 2012-2013 and 2013-2014, respectively at Adisaptagram Block Seed Farm, Hooghly, West Bengal. The population of aphids was started on potato crop in between third week of December and first week of January irrespective of various germplasms, except K. Chipsona-2, where its infestation was initiated during second and third week of January. Then, their population was gradually increased to reach its critical level (ETL) during first and second week of January in most of the potato germplasm, except in K. Anand, K. Chipsona-1, K. Chipsona-2 and Sailaja, where it was crossed in between fourth week of January and first week of February. The peak population of aphids was observed during third and fourth week of February in most of the potato germplasm. It was observed that K. Ashoka, K. Badshah, K. Chandramukhi, K. Jawahar, K. Jyoti and K. Pukhraj were highly susceptible to the pests, while K. Anand and K. Sutlez were moderately susceptible but K. Chipsona-1 , K. Chipsona-2 and K. Sailaja were less susceptible or tolerant to the pests. Maximum tuber yield (t/ha) of potato was recorded in K. Badshah (36.58 - 43.92) while it was lowest in K. Chandramukhi (22.08 - 22.12).展开更多
Potato virus Y(PVY)is a non-persistent virus that is transmitted by many aphid species and causes significant damage to potato production.We constructed a spatially-explicit model simulating PVY spread in a potato fie...Potato virus Y(PVY)is a non-persistent virus that is transmitted by many aphid species and causes significant damage to potato production.We constructed a spatially-explicit model simulating PVY spread in a potato field and used it to investigate possible effects of transmission efficiency,initial inoculum levels,vector behavior,vector abundance,and timing of peak vector activity on PVY incidence at the end of a simulated growing season.Lower PVY incidence in planted seed resulted in lower virus infection at the end of the season.However,when populations of efficient PVY vectors were high,significant PVY spread occurred even when initial virus inoculum was low.Non-colonizing aphids were more important for PVY spread compared to colonizing aphids,particularly at high densities.An early-season peak in the numbers of noncolonizing aphids resulted in the highest number of infected plants in the end of the season,while mid-and late-season peaks caused relatively little virus spread.Our results highlight the importance of integrating different techniques to prevent the number of PVY-infected plants from exceeding economically acceptable levels instead of trying to control aphids within potato fields.Such management plans should be implemented very early in a growing season.展开更多
Tri-trophic interactions between fertilizer applications, cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Golver) and associated beneficial insects were studied to investigate direct and indirect effects of fertilizers (types and ratios...Tri-trophic interactions between fertilizer applications, cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Golver) and associated beneficial insects were studied to investigate direct and indirect effects of fertilizers (types and ratios) on potato plants under field and greenhouse conditions, A. gossypii and associated beneficial insects. Fertilizers regimes showed direct impacts on the potato plant phenology and indirect effects on both A. gossypii population and the associated beneficial insects. Our data indicated that potato plants had been influenced by fertilizer elements used within tri-trophic system comprising potato plants, cotton aphid, and certain associated beneficial insects. This demonstrates that a bottom-up interaction is robust and has a particular value in the attraction of beneficial insects towards the potato plant signals due to used fertilizers which can also have a function when plants are attacked by A. gossypii. Yet, flexibility in the use of fertilizers (as chemical cues) is conserved, and that may help beneficial insects to specifically focus on the odor of plants that carry potential plant hosts and avoid plants that are only attacked by non-hosts. These results support the still controversial notion that fertilizer elements, at least in part, help plants to serve as functional signals to attract the enemies of the harmful insects. These observations declare the benefits of the tri-trophic interactions as an ecological phenomenon in particular and the food chain in general. Additionally, this study may be useful to be used as a predictable model with the associated beneficial insects which may have key roles in overall aphid suppression or regulating its population. Impact of fertilizers on potato phenology characteristics and the cotton aphid population density seems to be variable based on types and ratios of the fertilizers. Interfacing the impact of natural enemies (plant-pest-natural enemies) through tri-trophic relationship within the food chain verified to be straightforward way of predicting on the impact of beneficial insects-guild on the cotton aphid population density.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from the Startup Fund for Distinguished Scholars, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
文摘Aphid is one of the most destructive insect pests on cultivated plants in temperate regions.Their piercing-sucking mouthparts and phloem feeding behavior directly damage crops and deplete plant nutrients.Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)is one of the most important food sources on the planet,and several aphid species,e.g.,Myzus persicae(Sulzer)(green peach aphid)and Macrosiphum euphorbiae(Thomas)(potato aphid)(Hemiptera:Aphididae)colonize potato and transmit several economically important viruses.Aphid-transmitted potato viruses have been emerging all over the world as a very serious problem in potato production,inducing a wide variety of foliar and tuber symptoms,leading to severe yield reduction and loss of tuber quality.In this review,recent advances in understanding the interactions of potato viruses with their hosts,aphid vectors and the environment are described.
文摘A field trial was conducted to study the impact of various potato germplasm against aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Aphis gossypii Glover (Aphididae: Hemiptera) during rabi season from November to March in 2012-2013 and 2013-2014, respectively at Adisaptagram Block Seed Farm, Hooghly, West Bengal. The population of aphids was started on potato crop in between third week of December and first week of January irrespective of various germplasms, except K. Chipsona-2, where its infestation was initiated during second and third week of January. Then, their population was gradually increased to reach its critical level (ETL) during first and second week of January in most of the potato germplasm, except in K. Anand, K. Chipsona-1, K. Chipsona-2 and Sailaja, where it was crossed in between fourth week of January and first week of February. The peak population of aphids was observed during third and fourth week of February in most of the potato germplasm. It was observed that K. Ashoka, K. Badshah, K. Chandramukhi, K. Jawahar, K. Jyoti and K. Pukhraj were highly susceptible to the pests, while K. Anand and K. Sutlez were moderately susceptible but K. Chipsona-1 , K. Chipsona-2 and K. Sailaja were less susceptible or tolerant to the pests. Maximum tuber yield (t/ha) of potato was recorded in K. Badshah (36.58 - 43.92) while it was lowest in K. Chandramukhi (22.08 - 22.12).
基金supported in part by the United States Department of Agriculture National institute of Food and Agriculture Special Crops Research initiative (Award # 2014-51181-22373)Funding for Hongchun Qu’s stay at the University of Maine was received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Award # 61871061)
文摘Potato virus Y(PVY)is a non-persistent virus that is transmitted by many aphid species and causes significant damage to potato production.We constructed a spatially-explicit model simulating PVY spread in a potato field and used it to investigate possible effects of transmission efficiency,initial inoculum levels,vector behavior,vector abundance,and timing of peak vector activity on PVY incidence at the end of a simulated growing season.Lower PVY incidence in planted seed resulted in lower virus infection at the end of the season.However,when populations of efficient PVY vectors were high,significant PVY spread occurred even when initial virus inoculum was low.Non-colonizing aphids were more important for PVY spread compared to colonizing aphids,particularly at high densities.An early-season peak in the numbers of noncolonizing aphids resulted in the highest number of infected plants in the end of the season,while mid-and late-season peaks caused relatively little virus spread.Our results highlight the importance of integrating different techniques to prevent the number of PVY-infected plants from exceeding economically acceptable levels instead of trying to control aphids within potato fields.Such management plans should be implemented very early in a growing season.
文摘Tri-trophic interactions between fertilizer applications, cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Golver) and associated beneficial insects were studied to investigate direct and indirect effects of fertilizers (types and ratios) on potato plants under field and greenhouse conditions, A. gossypii and associated beneficial insects. Fertilizers regimes showed direct impacts on the potato plant phenology and indirect effects on both A. gossypii population and the associated beneficial insects. Our data indicated that potato plants had been influenced by fertilizer elements used within tri-trophic system comprising potato plants, cotton aphid, and certain associated beneficial insects. This demonstrates that a bottom-up interaction is robust and has a particular value in the attraction of beneficial insects towards the potato plant signals due to used fertilizers which can also have a function when plants are attacked by A. gossypii. Yet, flexibility in the use of fertilizers (as chemical cues) is conserved, and that may help beneficial insects to specifically focus on the odor of plants that carry potential plant hosts and avoid plants that are only attacked by non-hosts. These results support the still controversial notion that fertilizer elements, at least in part, help plants to serve as functional signals to attract the enemies of the harmful insects. These observations declare the benefits of the tri-trophic interactions as an ecological phenomenon in particular and the food chain in general. Additionally, this study may be useful to be used as a predictable model with the associated beneficial insects which may have key roles in overall aphid suppression or regulating its population. Impact of fertilizers on potato phenology characteristics and the cotton aphid population density seems to be variable based on types and ratios of the fertilizers. Interfacing the impact of natural enemies (plant-pest-natural enemies) through tri-trophic relationship within the food chain verified to be straightforward way of predicting on the impact of beneficial insects-guild on the cotton aphid population density.
