Realization of an integrated seeding and compensating potato planter based on one-way clutch

The yield reduction caused by miss-seeding in potato mechanized sowing is astonishing.The existing research always needs to install a spare compensator on the original seed-metering device.Therefore,problems of complex planter structure and compensated potato seed poor landing accuracy need to be solved urgently.Consequently,a scheme of integrated seeding and compensating potato planter based on one-way clutch is proposed in this paper.Based on a basic‘improved one raw potato planter’and the working principle of one-way clutch,power of seed-metering system is provided through main power transmission one-way clutch by land wheels when the system works properly.However,when miss-seeding detection system with infrared radiation deciding that a miss-seeding incident has happened,the seed-metering power will be replaced by a compensatory motor through compensating one-way clutch at a higher speed.Thus,the idea of catching-up compensation can be realized.After compensation is completed,the system controller disconnects the compensatory motor,and the seed-metering power will naturally switch to the land wheels again.A prototype based on this idea was built.Field tests showed that the accuracy of seed monitoring system is more than 99.9%;the adoption of catching-up compensation scheme does not bring about empty spoon rate rise significantly.Within the range of 0.2-0.8 m/s of the seed-metering chain speed,although the average success compensation rate decreases evidently with the increase of the chain speed,the success compensation rate is still near 70%even at 0.8 m/s,the vast majority of missed seeds can be compensated effectively.

Potato planter test bed based on capacitive precision seed-monitoring and miss-seeding compensation system

Potato seed-monitoring is the premise of its precise planting.But,for anti-dust,anti-vibration performance and durability,the existing photoelectric monitoring schemes have obvious congenital defects.So,a capacitive precision seed-monitoring idea was proposed in this study.Its theoretical basis is that the variation of dielectric between the capacitor plates will inevitably induce the fluctuation of the detected capacitance value.Therefore,the construction of a space capacitance sensor,and the acquisition of the net capacitance fluctuation caused by the seed spoon passing through the space area of the capacitor plates,were the core focuses of this study.Firstly,the system theory and working principle were introduced.Next,a space capacitance sensor that meets all the requirements was analyzed and constructed.And then,its spatial arrangement was described in detail,and most important of all,the technology roadmap of the net capacitance fluctuation measurement was put forward.For this purpose,MAX038 and GD32F407 were selected to work together to measure the capacitance.In this way,the top value of the space capacitance when a spoon passed through the space capacitance sensor was detected,at the same time,the corresponding grating encoder information was also recorded,so,the net capacitance fluctuation of this process was calculated.Based on this result,normal-seeding,miss-seeding,and multi-seeding were identified.More subtly,with the cooperation of the grating encoder,the position of the seed-metering monitoring point was configured freely.Just for miss-seeding,a predictive impact compensation concept was suggested.Based on the theories above,the software core links related to seed-monitoring and compensation control were analyzed.Finally,a potato planter test bed based on this study was built.Taking the Long-7 cutting potato as test samples,it was found that,the capacitance measurement error was no higher than 0.6%;no misjudgment on miss-seeding was found,however,for normal-seeding and multi-seeding,there was a small amount of identification of the opposite kind was found,but not more than 1.0%and 1.5%,respectively.Because of the flexibility of the seed-metering monitoring point layout,the predictive impact compensation can also be arranged according to actual needs,and the mechanism of the impact compensation system is simple and direct,which makes it cheap and fast.Nevertheless,a lower compensating seed potato tank filling rate is conducive to the average compensation success rate at an acceptable level.This research has laid the engineering foundation for the industrial application of potato non-photoelectric seed-metering monitoring and miss-seeding compensation.

育种试验马铃薯播种机的设计与试验

目前,我国马铃薯育种试验播种工作缺少专用机具,存在人工播种劳动量大、效率低、播种质量参差不齐等问题,对育种试验的准确性产生了误差。为此,设计了一种育种试验马铃薯播种机,可用于马铃薯育种试验过程中的播种环节。工作时,采用圆盘式排种装置进行排种,可一次性完成开沟、施肥、播种及起垄作业,在此主要对圆盘式排种装置、导种装置以及种薯存放装置进行了研究分析。田间试验表明:育种试验马铃薯播种机可保证种薯的单株播种,无重种、漏种现象,种植深度合格率为92%,株距变异系数平均值为13.2%,各项性能指标均达到国家设计标准,填补了我国马铃薯育种试验播种缺少专用机具的空白。

Design and Experiment of four Lines Trailed Potato Fertilization Seeder

In order to solve the problems which are widespread in potato seeding planter, such as lower operating efficiency, unideal performance index, higher replay rate and leakage rate and uneven spacing sowing in seeding operating, a trailed potato fertilization seeder was designed. The key components of the special structure had been got through the description of the structure and working principle of the whole machine. A crossing seed-taken technology along with the vibration component was adopted to achieve precision seeding. The results showed in the feld test of the machine： all the performance indexes of the machine met the agronomic requirement of potato planting; the multiple and missing index were low; it completed the ditching, fertilizing, seeding as well as ridging in one planting process; its operation effciency was high and the stability was good. This design of the trailed potato fertilization seeder provided a reference for the development of large traction-type potato seeding machine.

陕南地区马铃薯种植机技术研究与分析

种植机作为现代农业生产中重要的机械设备,采用马铃薯种植机进行播种作业有利于现代农业机械化发展。该文对当前各类马铃薯种植机的工作原理进行阐述,并对马铃薯种植机机型进行比较分析。针对陕南地区地形所使用农业机械的现状,选取适宜的马铃薯种植机,提升马铃薯种植自动化和智能化。同时加强机械化种植在农业农村工作中的宣传与发展,为城固县未来马铃薯种植机械化发展提供参考。

勺链式马铃薯播种机排种器设计与试验

针对目前勺链式马铃薯播种机存在重播率和漏播率较高、排种性能不优等问题,对勺链式马铃薯播种机关键部件进行设计。阐述了排种器的主要结构和工作原理,对排种过程中关键部件进行了理论分析与结构设计,并结合单因素仿真试验确定了影响排种性能主要因素的参数范围。通过3因素3水平二次正交回归旋转组合试验,寻求最佳工作参数组合,以排种链速度、种箱底板倾斜角度和排种器倾斜角度为试验因素,对试验数据进行分析,得到回归模型和因素对试验指标的影响关系,并对试验结果进行多目标优化。结果表明,排种链速度0.3 m/s、排种器倾斜角度8°和种箱底板倾角49.83°时,排种器的排种合格率92.01%、漏播率6.01%和重播率1.98%。在此优化参数下制作排种器,并进行台架试验,排种合格率90.26%、漏播率6.22%和重播率3.52%,验证了仿真优化结果的可靠性。结果表明,该勺链式马铃薯播种机有助于提高马铃薯播种作业效率和质量。

马铃薯播种机漏播监测与补种系统设计研究

针对现有马铃薯播种机存在的适应性差、株距变异大、漏播率及伤薯率高的问题,设计了以AT89S51为控制核心的马铃薯播种机漏播监测系统。系统由触发和红外监测模块组成,触发模块由小磁钢和霍尔传感器组成,当小磁钢靠近霍尔传感器时,系统就会触发启动由红外发射和接收模块组成的马铃薯漏播监测系统。系统安装在主播种勺链和补薯勺链监测点上,如果红外线监测系统发现主勺链和补薯勺链任意一个未有种薯时,便会立即驱动步进电机实现快速补薯。补薯机构由单行双链的勺链式取种机构组成,取种勺链分为主播种勺链和补薯勺链,主播种勺链用地轮驱动,补薯勺链用步进电机驱动,两个播种链共用一个下薯口,以保证播种的株距一致;当漏播监测系统监测主播种勺链没有种薯时,便立即驱动步进电机带动补薯勺链作业,实现精准补薯。试验结果表明:勺链的工作线速度在0.4~0.7m/s时,补薯成功率为85%~87%,总播种成功率为99%,提高了马铃薯播种机的作业性能,且此勺链式取种机构工作线速度较前人研究的勺链工作线速度有所提高。

马铃薯播种机两段式组合起垄装置设计与试验

起垄有利于增加土壤的透气性及保水能力,是马铃薯种植环节中重要的一环。针对目前马铃薯播种机起垄装置功能单一、效率低、作业效果差等问题,提出一种适用于山东地区的两段式组合起垄装置,通过覆土圆盘和翼面铲的配套作业,同时完成覆土、起垄和整形作业,有利于种薯扎根稳定、生长发达,提高马铃薯播种机的作业效率和质量。通过分析覆土圆盘、翼面铲的作业过程以及土壤的运动过程,对翼面铲的总体尺寸及铲尖、铲面、翼板等主要部件进行参数设计。利用EDEM仿真软件建立土壤与两段式组合起垄装置的联合仿真模型并进行试验,对两段式组合起垄装置的起垄量模拟曲线进行分析,得出装置的作业质量相比仅依靠覆土圆盘作业有显著提升。田间试验表明,当马铃薯播种机前进速度为0.25 m/s时,两段式组合起垄装置所起土垄平均高度为251 mm,平均垄底宽为698 mm,平均垄距为902 mm,平均垄体土壤紧实度可达到390.33 kPa,作业效果良好,满足山东地区马铃薯起垄农艺要求。

基于PLC技术的播种机电气控制系统研究

以马铃薯播种机为研究对象,设计一种基于PLC技术的电气控制系统。系统通过液压马达代替传统的链轮装置控制株距大小,通过步进电机代替原来的振幅调节手柄实现振幅调节。工作时,以西门子的S7-200型PLC为核心控制器,各路传感器实时采集地轮速度、液压马达速度、重播漏播信息,进行运算处理后,输出控制信号:一方面,控制液压马达驱动马铃薯种子的传输轴,并建立传输轴转速与马铃薯播种株距之间的数学模型,以此来控制马铃薯的株距;另一方面,控制步进电机的转动角度发生改变,使得薯种传输带的凸起与振动滚轮之间的相对位置发生变化,以此改变马铃薯在传输带的运行过程中的振动幅度,降低马铃薯重播、漏播现象。测试结果表明:系统基本能够控制马铃薯株距保持一致,并降低重播漏播率,提高播种精度,改善播种质量。

Potato seed-metering monitoring and improved miss-seeding catching-up compensation control system using spatial capacitance sensor

The congenital yield reduction caused by miss-seeding in spoon-type seed-metering device of small and medium-sized potato planter is huge.Based on the physical mechanism of different measured capacitance values between two fixed capacitor plates with different media,a miss-seeding detection scheme based on a spatial capacitance sensor is proposed first.A simple and efficient spatial capacitance sensor that can obtain as large capacitance measurement value as possible is designed,and a dual CPU coordinated seed-monitoring and compensation control system architecture is adopted.AD7745 is selected for the capacitance measure of the spatial capacitance sensor,and the code of grating encoder is also recorded at the same time.Thereby,when each potato spoon passing through the space surrounded by the capacitor plates,the maximum net capacitance fluctuation and its corresponding position can be acquired.A suitable threshold can distinguish between normal-seeding and miss-seeding effectively.Moreover,it should be emphasized that,this monitoring system only requires one monitoring point.Then,based on obtained information,an improved miss-seeding catching-up compensation plan is put forward.By utilizing the powerful memory capability of the CPU,this system does not need to complete compensation immediately after the miss-seeding identification.Instead,the miss-seeding information and the location of the accident can be just marked in advance,and only when the opportunity arrives,can the miss-seeding catching-up compensation be truly executed.In this way,the position of the seed-monitoring points can be free from restriction,and the control strategy can therefore be significantly simplified.The soil tank test data showed that,the identification accuracy of the miss-seeding detection system was not less than 94%.When the seed-metering chain speeds are 0.2,0.3,and 0.4 m/s,the average success rates of the miss-seeding compensation system are 94.32%,83.65%,and 75.00%,respectively.The final miss-seeding rate can be below 3%,and the average deviation compensation rate was not higher than 30%,the miss-seeding was suppressed significantly.This system is a beneficial try in the non-photoelectric detection field and low complexity miss-seeding compensation for potato seeding.

马铃薯种植机研究现状及发展趋势

我国马铃薯种植地形复杂,种植模式差异大,随着种植面积逐年扩大,对于马铃薯种植机的要求也越来越高。总结了马铃薯种植机核心部件的工作原理和国内外马铃薯种植机的应用现状及研究进展,指出我国马铃薯种植机发展过程中存在的问题,分析我国马铃薯种植机的发展方向,以期为我国马铃薯种植机发展提供参考。

基于电容传感漏播检测及记忆追赶式补偿的马铃薯精密排种系统设计与试验

长期以来,由于勺链式马铃薯播种机光电式漏播检测系统抗干扰性差、自动补偿系统结构复杂,严重影响了马铃薯精密播种技术的推广应用。基于电容极板间因介质不同导致测量结果不同的物理机理,提出基于空间电容传感器的漏播检测方法,选用AD7745高精度电容芯片高速采集电容值,利用以穿越电容极板过程中载种与空勺测量电容最大值之差(即电容净变化量)判断是否漏播。样机土槽试验表明,漏播检测系统识别准确率高达95%以上,具有良好的抗尘、抗振性;当播种速度为0.2 m/s、0.3 m/s、0.4 m/s时,补偿系统补种成功率分别是94.32%、83.65%、73.67%,具有较强的可靠性。为非光电马铃薯排种高可靠性监测及低复杂度漏播补偿的实现提供了参考案例。

双层种箱式马铃薯排种装置设计与试验

为了提高链勺式马铃薯排种装置排种性能,该研究基于离散单元法理论,使用EDEM软件建立了排种装置数值模型,在对排种过程中种薯运动规律仿真分析的基础上,设计了具有双层种箱结构的排种装置,以空种率和重种率为性能指标,试验研究了排种速度、种勺直径和充种高度对充种性能的影响规律,利用回归方程和多目标优化方法对双层种箱式排种装置进行了参数的优化设计,结果为:1)排种速度0.67 m/s、种勺直径48.6 mm、充种高度0.28 m时,空种率和重种率分别是3.8%和8.8%;2)排种速度0.36 m/s≤v≤0.96 m/s、种勺直径44 mm≤d≤56 mm、充种高度0.15 m≤h≤0.28 m时,空种率小于10%,重种率小于20%。种薯运动规律表明:增大高效充种区、增强种薯流动性可以有效提高充种成功率。试验结果表明:与单层种箱式排种装置相比,双层种箱式排种装置空种率降低50%,重种率降低24.5%;排种速度提高92%时,仍可保证排种性能。该研究为链勺式马铃薯排种装置的优化设计提供指导。

马铃薯种植机分层施肥开沟器设计与试验

针对目前我国马铃薯种植机普遍存在的肥料定位不精确问题,结合马铃薯根系分布规律和一垄二行种植模式特点,提出了一种基于曲面排肥与V型防堵结构的分层施肥技术,设计了深度可调式分层施肥开沟器,研究了土壤与开沟部件之间运动关系,并对肥料在曲面分肥板上的运动规律进行了理论分析;以下层排肥量稳定性变异系数为试验指标进行了单因素试验,确定了排肥器最佳槽轮工作长度;在此条件下,以排肥轴转速和曲面分肥板斜面倾角为试验因素,上层排肥盒左右侧排肥一致性变异系数为试验指标进行了通用旋转组合试验,运用DPS和Matlab软件进行回归方程显著性分析和参数优化,得出最佳因素组合为排肥轴转速20. 5 r/min,曲面分肥板斜面倾角15°,此时上层排肥盒左右侧排肥一致性变异系数为3. 30%。最优参数下的重复试验结果表明,平均上层排肥盒左右侧排肥一致性变异系数为3. 71%,试验值与理论值相近;田间排肥性能试验结果表明,该开沟器作业流畅,排肥性能满足马铃薯施肥要求。

我国马铃薯机械化播种排种技术研究与分析

马铃薯是我国重要的经济类作物,但因其生产过程机械化程度不高极大地制约了该种植业的进一步发展,马铃薯机械化种植技术急需改进和提高。为此,介绍了几种典型马铃薯机械化播种排种机构的基本结构、工作原理、特点及应用;并在此基础上,提出了目前播种机所存在的主要问题,探讨了马铃薯播种机排种机构的发展趋势。

马铃薯播种机具研究进展

随着马铃薯主粮化战略的逐步推进和马铃薯种植面积的不断增加,实现马铃薯播种机械化对于促进农业可持续发展、保证粮食安全和服务现代农业具有重要意义。为此,分析了近年来我国马铃薯机械化种植概况,根据马铃薯播种机主要结构类型将其分为勺式、气力式、带式、转盘式及针刺式等几种类型,并对各类型播种机的工作原理、作业特点进行了分析和阐述。在此基础上,指出了现有国内马铃薯播种机存在的一些问题,进一步提出了该领域未来研究重点与发展方向,以期为马铃薯机械化播种的研究提供参考依据。

四行悬挂式马铃薯种植机虚拟设计与试验——基于Solidworks三维设计软件

针对我国马铃薯种植机设计中存在设计手段落后和设计效率低等问题,采用基于特征的参数化造型软件Solidworks对马铃薯种植机进行参数化造型,设计了新型2CM-4悬挂式马铃薯种植机。该机结合我国马铃薯的农艺要求,取种部件采用交叉取种新技术,配以振动排种部件,实现精量播种;行距和株距可调;两种覆土起垄部件可提高机具适应性。对经过虚拟设计的马铃薯种植机样机进行田间试验,结果表明重播率τ和漏播率η均≤3%,为今后马铃薯种植机的研制提供了参考。

马铃薯播种器自动补偿系统的设计

为减少马铃薯播种机在播种过程中出现的漏播现象,设计了马铃薯播种器自动补偿系统,该系统由红外光电传感器、单片机、步进电机3个部分组成.工作时由红外光电传感器对取种勺上有无薯块的情况进行监测,当监测到取种勺上无薯块时,传感器将监测到的信号输送给单片机,然后单片机系统对步进电机的转动方向和转角的大小进行控制,驱动步进电机带动补偿排种器进行转动,实现补种.结果表明:该系统能最大限度地降低漏播率,进而提高播种质量.

2CM-2型马铃薯播种机关键部件的设计

基于我国马铃薯机械化栽植发展现状,设计了2CM-2型马铃薯播种机。重点阐述了2CM-2型马铃薯播种机的整机结构和工作原理,对其关键部件进行了设计,确定了主要结构。田间性能试验结果表明:该机各方面性能指标符合马铃薯播种的农艺要求,为研究马铃薯播种机和同类机具提供了参考。

南方冬种马铃薯播种机设计研究

针对南方冬种马铃薯播种的农艺要求,分析已有马铃薯播种设备的优缺点,采用链勺式的播种方法,确定了分级机的整体结构,并用Solidworks绘出其结构图。对关键零部件进行了结构设计和参数计算,为样机制作提供了理论基础,从而完成开沟、施肥、播种、覆土和镇压等工序。