Study on Mooring Design and Calculation Method of Ocean Farm Based on Time-Domain Potential Flow Theory

In order to calculate the mooring force of a new semi-submerged Ocean Farm quickly and accurately,based on the unsteady time-domain potential flow theory and combined the catenary model,the control equation of mooring cable is established,and the mooring force of the platform under the wave spectrum is calculated.First of all,based on the actual situation of the ocean environment and platform,the mooring design of the platform is carried out,and the failure analysis and sensitivity analysis of the single anchor chain by the time domain coupling method are adopted:including different water depth,cycle,pretension size,anchor chain layout direction and wind speed,etc.The analysis results confirm the reliability of anchoring method.Based on this,the mooring point location of the platform is determined,the force of each anchor chain in the anchoring process is calculated,and the mooring force and the number of mooring cables are obtained for each cable that satisfies the specification,the results of this paper can provide theoretical calculation methods for mooring setting and mooring force calculation of similar offshore platforms.

Hierarchical model for strain generalized streaming potential induced by the canalicular fluid flow of an osteon

A hierarchical model is developed to predict the streaming potential （SP） in the canaliculi of a loaded os teon. Canaliculi are assumed to run straight across the os teon annular cylinder wall, while disregarding the effect of lacuna. SP is generalized by the canalicular fluid flow. Ana lytical solutions are obtained for the canalicular fluid veloc ity, pressure, and SP. Results demonstrate that SP amplitude （SPA） is proportional to the pressure difference, strain am plitude, frequency, and strain rate amplitude. However, the key loading factor governing SP is the strain rate, which is a representative loading parameter under the specific phys iological state. Moreover, SPA is independent of canalicu lar length. This model links external loads to the canalicu lar fluid pressure, velocity, and SP, which can facilitate fur ther understanding of the mechanotransduction and electro mechanotransduction mechanisms of bones.

Hydrodynamic Performance of An Integrated System of Breakwater and A Multi-Chamber OWC Wave Energy Converter

A multi-chamber oscillating water column wave energy converter(OWC-WEC)integrated to a breakwater is investigated.The hydrodynamic characteristics of the device are analyzed using an analytical model based on the linear potential flow theory.A pneumatic model is employed to investigate the relationship between the air mass flux in the chamber and the turbine characteristics.The effects of chamber width,wall draft and wall thickness on the hydrodynamic performance of a dual-chamber OWC-WEC are investigated.The results demonstrate that the device,with a smaller front wall draft and a wider rear chamber exhibits a broader effective frequency bandwidth.The device with a chamber-width-ratio of 1:3 performs better in terms of power absorption.Additionally,results from the analysis of a triplechamber OWC-WEC demonstrate that reducing the front chamber width and increasing the rearward chamber width can improve the total performance of the device.Increasing the number of chambers from 1 to 2 or 3 can widen the effective frequency bandwidth.

Comparisons of Wave Force Model Effects on the Structural Responses and Fatigue Loads of a Semi-Submersible Floating Wind Turbine

The selection of wave force models will significantly impact the structural responses of floating wind turbines.In this study,comparisons of wave force model effects on the structural responses and fatigue loads of a semi-submersible floating wind turbine(SFWT)were conducted.Simulations were performed by employing the Morison equation(ME)with linear or second-order wave kinematics and potential flow theory(PFT)with first-or second-order wave forces.A comparison of regular waves,irregular waves,and coupled wind/waves analyses with the experimental data showed that many of the simulation results and experimental data are relatively consistent.However,notable discrepancies are found in the response amplitude operators for platform heave,tower base bending moment,and tension in mooring lines.PFT models give more satisfactory results of heave but more significant discrepan-cies in tower base bending moment than the ME models.In irregular wave analyses,low-frequency resonances were captured by PFT models with second-order difference-frequency terms,and high-frequency resonances were captured by the ME models or PFT models with second-order sum-frequency terms.These force models capture the response frequencies but do not reasonably predict the response amplitudes.The coupled wind/waves analyses showed more satisfactory results than the wave-only analyses.However,an important detail to note is that this satisfactory result is based on the overprediction of wind-induced responses.

基于SHIPFLOW MOTIONS的测量船耐波性研究

以一艘测量船为研究对象,采用基于势流理论的商业软件SHIPFLOW中的MOTIONS模块对其进行耐波性数值仿真,研究其在波浪中的运动和阻力特性。利用三维时域完全非线性边界元方法计算船舶在迎浪规则波中的运动特性,并将数值计算结果与模型试验结果相对比,结果表明:船舶在波浪中的升沉和纵摇运动数值计算结果与模型试验结果较为吻合;船舶在波浪中的阻力增加RAO值计算结果与模型试验结果的最大偏差约为13%;波浪增阻数值计算结果的精度明显高于基于三维频域线性势流理论的计算结果。此外,直接采用SHIPFLOW软件模拟该船在不规则波中的运动,验证其非线性问题处理能力,结果发现模拟计算结果与试验结果的偏差约为7%,证明采用该方法解决船体周围复杂流场问题可行。

The Full Multi-wake Vortex Lattice Method:a detached flow model based on Potential Flow Theory

One of the main issues concerning the standard Vortex Lattice Method is its application to partially or fully detached flow conditions,where non-linear aerodynamic characteristics appear as the angle of attack increases and/or the aspect ratio decreases.In order to solve such limitations,a pure numerical approach based entirely on the Vortex Lattice Method concepts has been developed.The so-called steady“Full Multi-wake Vortex Lattice Method”comes from the main hypothesis that each discretized element on the body’s surface detaches their own wakes downstream.The obtained results match for lift,drag and moment coefficients for the entire aspect ratio range configurations(under straight wakes and inviscid assumptions).Future unsteady versions of such a multi-wake approach could improve the current results obtained through Vortex Element Methods(as vortons or isolated vortex filaments).

跨海特大型桥梁风-浪耦合作用的随机振动分析

考虑风-浪耦合场中风和波浪特征参数的相关性,建立了基于有限元法与边界元法联合分析的特大型桥梁风-浪耦合作用运动方程.其中,作用在大型深水基础上的波浪力采用势流理论和边界元法进行计算,并建立有限单元与边界元单元组的映射关系,将边界单元组上的波浪力映射到结构有限单元上;作用在桥梁上的气动力通过有限元法进行计算,包括由脉动风激发的非定常抖振力和由气弹相互作用产生的自激力.在此基础上,基于随机振动分析的高效算法——虚拟激励法,建立了计算桥梁风-浪耦合作用响应的分析方法.最后,针对某跨海超大跨桥梁方案进行研究,结果表明:与风致响应相比,风-浪耦合作用下桥梁深水基础内力显著增大,其中波浪激发的侧向剪力占主导地位,波浪激发的侧向弯矩在海床附近与风致响应基本相当,但在海床以下更大;斜风-波浪耦合作用下的主梁内力响应和深水基础内力响应比正交风-波浪耦合作用下的结果更大.因此,在跨海桥梁设计中,必须考虑风-浪耦合作用效应.

基于势流理论的螺旋桨效率-噪声样本分析方法

为了提高效率、降低噪声,螺旋桨设计需要在精确的性能预报基础上,平衡不同参数对设计目标带来的影响。本文以面元法为主要手段预报CLT桨的水动力性能,并引入噪声模型进行噪声预报。整个过程以4叶CLT (Contracted and Loaded Tip)桨—P1727桨为母型桨,在螺距比为原桨螺距比0.9~1.2倍范围内,考虑3叶、4叶、5叶三种叶数形式,最终计算100个设计桨案例的水动力性能和噪声性能。设计桨最终满足某中型船的推力要求,并寻找螺旋桨最小叶尖涡流噪声-最大效率解集。计算结果表明,在固定推力值的情况下,螺旋桨叶数与噪声成反比趋势,效率与噪声性能受螺距比影响,并呈现出一定的规律性。对于高效桨P1727而言,改变螺距比与叶数会使效率与噪声存在一定的平衡范围,可以应对不同的设计要求。

3-D computational method of wave loads on turret moored FPSO tankers

A three-dimensional method of calculating wave loads of turret moored FPSO (Flo ating Production Storage and Offloading) tankers is presented. The linearized restoring forces acting on the ship hull by the mooring system are calculated according to the catenary theory, which are expressed as the function of linear stiffness coefficients and the displacements of the upper ends of mooring chains. The hydrodynamic coefficients of the ship are calculated by the three-dimensional potential flow theory of the linear hydrodynamic problem for ships with a low forward speed. The equations of ship motions are established with the effect of the restoring forces from the mooring system included as linear stiffness coefficients. The equations of motions are solved in frequency domain, and the responses of wave-induced motions and loads on the ship can be obtained. A computer pro gram based on this method has been developed,and some calculation examples are illustrated. Analysis results show that the method can give satisfying prediction of wave loads.

Wave Slamming on An OWSC Wave Energy Converter in Coupled Wave-Current Conditions with Variable-Depth Seabed

Coastal wave energy resources have enormous exploitation potential due to shorter weather window,closer installation distance and lower maintenance cost.However,impact loads generated by depth variation from offshore to nearshore and wave-current interaction,may lead to a catastrophic damage or complete destruction to wave energy converters(WECs).This objective of this paper is to investigate slamming response of a coastal oscillating wave surge converter(OWSC)entering or leaving water freely.Based on fully nonlinear potential flow theory,a time-domain wave-current-structure interaction model combined with higher-order boundary element method(HOBEM),is developed to analyze the coupled hydrodynamic problem.The variable-depth seabed is considered in the model to illustrate the shallow water effect on impact loads and free surface profiles in coastal zone.A domain decomposition approach is utilized to simulate the overlapping phenomenon generated by a jet falling into water under gravity effect.Through a series of Lagrangian interpolation methods,the meshes on boundaries are rearranged to avoid the mismatch between element size on free surface and body surface.The present model is validated against the existing experimental and numerical results.Simulations are also provided for the effects of wave-current interaction and uneven local seabed on the slamming responses.It is found that the length of the splash jet increases for a following current and decreases for an opposing current,and that the slamming response of the OWSC device is sensitive to the geometric features of the uneven seabed.

An elasto-plastic constitutive model incorporating strain softening and dilatancy for interface thin-layer element and its verification

The mechanical behaviors of the interface between coarse-grained soil and concrete were investigated by simple shear tests under condition of mixed soil slurry (bentonite mixed with cement grout).For comparison,the interfaces both without slurry and with bentonite slurry were analyzed.The experimental results show that different slurries exert much influence on the strength and deformation of soil/structure interface.Under mixed soil slurry,strain softening and shear dilatation are observed,while shear dilatation appears under the small normal stress of the interface without slurry,and shear contraction is significant under the condition of the bentonite slurry.The thickness of the interface was determined by analyzing the disturbed height of the sample with both simple shear test and particle flow code (PFC).An elasto-plastic constitutive model incorporating strain softening and dilatancy for thin layer element of interface was formulated in the framework of generalized potential theory.The relation curves of shear stress and shear strain,as well as the relation curves of normal strain and shear strain,were fitted by a piecewise function composed by hyperbolic functions and resembling normal functions.The entire model parameters can be identified by tests.The new model is verified by comparing the measured data of indoor cut-off wall model tests with the predictions from finite element method (FEM).The FEM results indicate that the stress of wall calculated by using Goodman element is too large,and the maximum deviation between the test data and prediction is about 45%.While the prediction from the proposed model is close to the measured data,and the error is generally less than 10%.

Linear stability of plane creeping Couette flow for Burgers fluid

It is well known that plane creeping Couette flow of UCM and Oldroy-B fluids are linearly stable. However, for Burges fluid, which includes UCM and Oldroyd-B fluids as special cases, unstable modes are detected in the present work. The wave speed, critical parameters and perturbation mode are studied for neutral waves. Energy analysis shows that the sustaining of perturbation energy in Poiseuille flow and Couette flow is completely different. At low Reynolds number limit, analytical solutions are obtained for simpli- fied perturbation equations. The essential difference between Burgers fluid and Oldroyd-B fluid is revealed to be the fact that neutral mode exists only in the former.

Modeling of Roll-Heave-Pitch Motions of a Ram Wing Translating over Non-uniform Surface

Ground-effect vehicles flying close to water or ground often employ ram wings which generate aerodynamic lift primarily on their lower surfaces.The subject of this paper is the 3-DOF modeling of roll,heave,and pitch motions of such a wing in the presence of surface waves and other ground non-uniformities.The potential-flow extreme-ground-effect theory is applied for calculating unsteady pressure distribution under the wing which defines instantaneous lift force and moments.Dynamic simulations of a selected ramwing configuration are carried out in the presence of surface waves of various headings and wavelengths,as well as for transient flights over a ground obstacle.The largest amplitudes of the vehicle motions are observed in beam waves when the periods of the encounter are long.Nonlinear effects are more pronounced for pitch angles than for roll and heave.The present method can be adapted for modeling of air-supported lifting surfaces on fast marine vehicles.

Calculating buoy response for a wave energy converter-A comparison of two computational methods and experimental results

When designing a wave power plant, reliable and fast simulation tools are required. Computational fluid dynamics （CFD） software provides high accuracy but with a very high computational cost, and in operational, moderate sea states, linear potential flow theories may be sufficient to model the hydrodynamics. In this paper, a model is built in COMSOL Multiphysics to solve for the hydrodynamic parameters of a point-absorbing wave energy device. The results are compared with a linear model where the hydrodynamical parameters are computed using WAMIT, and to experimental results from the Lysekil research site. The agreement with experimental data is good for both numerical models.

Transmission and Reflection of Water-Wave on a Floating Ship in Vast Oceans

In this paper,we study the water-wave flow under a floating body of an incident wave in a fluid.This model simulates the phenomenon of waves abording a floating ship in a vast ocean.The same model,also simulates the phenomenon of fluid-structure interaction of a large ice sheet in waves.According to this method.We divide the region of the problem into three subregions.Solutions,satisfying the equation in the fluid mass and a part of the boundary conditions in each subregion,are given.We obtain such solutions as infinite series including unknown coefficients.We consider a limited number only of the coefficients by truncating the infinite series and satisfy the remaining boundary conditions approximately.Numerical experiments show that the results are acceptable.Tables are given along with the graph of the system of the resulting streamlines and the dynamical pressure acting on the obstacle.The drawn system of streamlines shows the correctness of the solution and the pressure is maximum on the side facing the upstream extremity of the channel.The same procedure can be adequately applied for problems with more complicated geometry and other phenomenon can thus be simulated.

Hydrodynamic Response of A Fully Coupled TLP Hull-TTR System with Detailed Modeling of A Hydraulic Pneumatic Tensioner and Riser Joints

Tension Leg Platform(TLP)in deepwater oil and gas field development usually consists of a hull,tendons,and top tension risers(TTRs).To maintain its top tension,each TTR is connected with a tensioner system to the hull.Owing to the complicated configuration of the tensioners,the hull and TTRs form a strong coupled system.Traditionally,some simplified tensioner models are applied to analyze the TLP structures.There is a large discrepancy between their analysis results and the actual mechanism behaviors of a tensioner.It is very necessary to develop a more detailed tensioner model to consider the coupling effects between TLP and TTRs.In the present study,a fully coupled TLP hull-TTR system for hydrodynamic numerical simulation is established.A specific hydraulic pneumatic tensioner is modeled by considering 4 cylinders.The production TTR model is stacked up by specific riser joints.The simulation is also extended to analyze an array of TTRs.Different regular and irregular waves are considered.The behaviors of different cylinders are presented.The results show that it is important to consider the specific configurations of the tensioner and TTRs,which may lead to obviously different response behaviors,compared with those from a simplified model.

基于ANSYS-AQWA的垫挡船码头靠泊特性分析

船舶逐步向标准化、大型化的方向发展,有效减少或避免大型船舶对码头碰撞是工程领域亟待解决的问题。采用ANASYS-AQWA仿真软件,基于三维势流理论与时域分析方法,结合山区河流水流湍急、流量变幅大的特点,采用数值分析的方法,研究了船舶在不同系泊方式下的系泊运动响应特性。研究结果表明:0°和180°的浪向角对纵荡幅值响应算子的影响最明显;90°的浪向角对横荡、垂荡和横摇响应较大,对纵荡、纵摇和艏摇影响较小;2-7-2系泊方式对于船舶的横向运动限制更好;4-4-4系泊对于船舶的纵向运动限制更好。

考虑间隙水体阻尼修正的过驳双船系统动力响应研究

利用阻尼修正的势流理论对过驳双船系统进行研究。建立了过驳双船系统CFD数值计算模型,通过在双船间隙自由水面施加粘性阻尼盖的方法对势流理论进行修正。对双船过驳系统在考虑与不考虑修正两种情况下的时域结果进行对比分析,结果表明:双船各自由度的运动响应以及各系缆护舷的受力,在不计及粘性修正时的计算结果皆高于修正后的结果,因而考虑流体粘性的修正是非常必要的。

高海况下客滚船风浪阻力和功率航速预报

高海况下风浪阻力对客滚船航速预报的准确性有很大影响。对此,以某型客滚船为例,分别采用二维方法和三维方法预报船舶升沉和纵摇运动,采用全浪向波浪增阻预报方法SNNM计算波浪增阻,在此基础上开展高海况下的功率航速预报,并与模型试验结果进行对比分析。研究表明:当航速较低时,采用二维方法与三维方法预报的升沉运动结果的精度接近,随着速度的增加,二者的差异变大;当航速较高时,采用三维方法预报的纵摇结果比试验结果大,采用二维方法预报的纵摇结果比试验结果小;长波范围内采用SNNM方法预报的波浪增阻偏小,当谱峰周期为7 s和9 s时,采用SNNM方法近似预报的功率与试验值较为接近,但当谱峰周期变大时,近似预报结果偏小;整体来看,采用SNNM方法得到的航速预报值比试验值大。

势流理论在液货船船体与液舱晃荡运动分析的应用

本文研究势流理论,着重分析船舶水动力模型并给出横浪中船舶横摇响应曲线,构建脉冲响应模型,分析船舶垂荡运动脉冲响应曲线;对船舶液舱晃荡运动进行仿真分析,分析船舶横摇情况下波面升高变化曲线以及压力曲线;对液舱晃荡和船体耦合运行进行仿真分析,根据一定的尺寸比构建船舶模型,并给出船舶横摇衰减曲线,同时对船舶模型加载横浪和迎浪2种工况下的负载激励,并进行船舶运动和液舱晃荡的耦合运动时域解算分析。