Spatial distribution and potential ecological and health risks associated with heavy metals in the Ijero-Ekiti mining site,Nigeria

Artisanal gold mining,a labor-intensive and antiquated technique,is a growing industry and the source of income for rural communities all over the world.However,artisanal gold mining has potential negative and long-term effects on economy,environment,and society.This study collected soil samples from 16 sample points including a control point to examine the pollution degrees and spatial distribution of heavy metals,as well as ecological and health risks associated with heavy metal pollution in the Ijero-Ekiti mining site,Nigeria.Geographical Information System(GIS)and remote sensing technologies were used to identify regions with high concentrations of heavy metals and assess the environmental impact of gold mining activities.The results show that the mean heavy metal concentrations of 16 soil pointa are 8.94(±5.97)mg/kg for As,0.18(±0.54)mg/kg for Cd,0.11(±1.06)mg/kg for Co,14.32(±3.43)mg/kg for Cr,6.89(±0.64)mg/kg for Cu,48.92(±11.77)mg/kg for Fe,135.81(±30.75)mg/kg for Mn,5.92(±0.96)mg/kg for Ni,5.72(±1.66)mg/kg for Pb,and 13.94(±1.38)mg/kg for Zn.The study reveals that heavy metal concentration in soils follows the order of Mn>Fe>Cr>Zn>As>Cu>Ni>Pb>Co>Cd.An analysis of soil samples indicates that 3 principal components(PCs)account for 70.008%of the total variance and there are strong positive correlations between various pairs of heavy metals.The total potential ecological risk index(309.599)in the study area is high.Non-carcinogenic risk suggests that there may be long-term health impacts on people who work in the mining areas due to chronic exposure to the environment.Based on the study,the hazard index of carcinogenic health risks associated with heavy metals through ingestion is 520.00×10^(–4).Dermal contact from As and Cr also increases the risk of cancer,with the highest hazard index value of 18.40×10^(–4).The lowest exposure pathway,with the hazard index value of 0.68×10^(–4),indicates that the inhalation of heavy metals has a comparatively low risk of cancer.This study recommends the formulation of policies to monitor the Ijero-Ekiti mining site and other regions in Nigeria where indiscriminate artisanal gold mining activities exist.

Heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risk in reclaimed soils in Huainan mining area

In order to determine the environmental quality condition of reclaimed soils inHuainan mining area, soil samples were collected from three representative mines, suchas Panyi Mine, Xinzhuangzi Mine and Datong Mine.The total concentration of Cd, Hg, Cu,Pb and As in the samples were analyzed.The potential ecological risk was used to evaluatethe heavy metals pollution.The investigation reveals that the reclaimed soils are contaminatedto a certain degree and the trace elements in coal gangue transferred to thesurface soil.The order of potential ecological risk is Cd>Hg>Cu>Pb>As; the pollution degreeof each sampling site is arranged in the following order: Xinzhuangzi Mine>DatongMine>Panyi Mine, and the multiform of heavy metals of potential ecological risk index is at357.35～484.62.

Levels and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Longjiang Wetland in Binzhou City

Wetland is a unique habitat with great biodiversity and important ecological functions between land and water on the earth. With the irrational utilization of wetland resources, the ecological destruction and pollution of wetland are becoming more and more serious. To evaluate the pollution of heavy metals in the sediments of Longjiang Wetland in Binzhou City, chromium(Cr), copper(Cu), zinc(Zn), cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb) were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Concentrations of Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the sediments were 5.3–13.6, 5.6–15.0, 16.6–33.0, 0.1–0.4 and 7.9–24.9 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals in Longjiang Wetland was lower than soil background values of Shandong Province and in lower level compared with those reported in sediments/soils of wetlands in some other locations. Based on geo-accumulation index(Igeo), Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb showed low levels of contamination at all stations, while Cd was observed at a moderate pollution degree. Potential ecological risk factor(E_r^i) and risk index(RI) values showed low ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments of the wetland.

Ecological risk assessment and early warning of heavy metal cumulation in the soils near the Luanchuan molybdenum polymetallic mine concentration area,Henan Province,central China

The Luanchuan molybdenum polymetallic mine concentration area is rich in mineral resources and has a long history of mining.The environmental impact of long-term mining activities cannot be ignored.It is of great significance to study the ecological risk and the accumulation trends of heavy metals in the soil of mining areas for scientific prevention and control of heavy metal pollution.Taking the Taowanbeigou River Basin in the mine concentration area as the research object,the ecological pollution risk and cumulative effect of heavy metals in the soil of the basin were studied by using the comprehensive pollution index method,potential ecological risk assessment method and geoaccumulation index method.On this basis,the cumulative exceeding years of specific heavy metals were predicted by using the early warning model.The comprehensive potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the soil near the Luanchuan mine concentration area is moderate,and the single element Cd is the main ecological risk factor,with a contribution rate of 53.6%.The overall cumulative degrees of Cu and Pb in the soil are“none-moderate”,Zn and Cd are moderate,Mo has reached an extremely strong cumulative level,Hg,As and Cr risks are not obvious,and the overall cumulative risks order is Mo>Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb>Hg.According to the current accumulation rate and taking the risk screening values for soil contamination of agricultural land as the reference standard,the locations over standard rates of Cu,Zn and Cd will exceed 78%in 90years,and the over standard rate of Pb will reach approximately 57%in 200 years.The cumulative exceeding standard periods of As,Cr and Hg are generally long,which basically indicates that these elements do not pose a significant potential threat to the ecological environment.Mining activities will accelerate the accumulation of heavy metals in soil.With the continuous development of mining activities,the potential pollution risk of heavy metals in the soil of mining areas will also increase.

Evaluation of ecological risk and primary empirical research on heavy metals in polluted soil over Xiaoqinling gold mining region,Shaanxi,China

Soil,crop and residents'hair over Xiaoqinling gold mining region,China,which was selected as a case study,were sampled and analyzed for Hg,Cd,Pb,Cu,Cr,As and Zn concentrations.The concentrations of heavy metals in soil or crop and hair samples were used to assess their potential ecological risks,or to find the responses to these metals as evidences to prove the potential risk was coming down to observed harm,respectively.The results showed that,these metals in soil were ranked by severity of ecological risk as Hg>Cd>Pb>Cu>Cr>As>Zn,based on their single-element indexes.In the view of the potential ecological risk indexes,of all soil samples,about half had significantly high or high potential ecological risk,which covered more than 74%of the studied region.Most of the risks were 97.41%from Hg,Pb and Cd,especially,84.37%from Hg.Both the single-element and potential ecological risk indexes indicated that,the ecological risk grades had a special spatial characteristic,and increased from northwest to southeast generally.This was agreed with the spatial distribution of the strength in gold mining activities over the studied region.The concentrations of Hg and Pb were higher than their relative backgrounds in the corps,and were even 9.48 and 25.09 times higher than their relative backgrounds in residents'hair,respectively.All these showed that the heavy metals in the soil had a high potential ecological risk,especially,had been affecting these crops'growing and yield,and even the residents'health through food strains.Obviously,these metals'potential ecological harm had been coming down to observed harm to the ecology.

Content and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediment in Weishan Lake

[Objective] The aim was to analyze the content of heavy metals in surface sediment in Weishan Lake and further assess its ecological risk.[Method] Heavy metal pollution in surface sediment in Weishan Lake was studied,and the pollution indices and potential ecological risk indices of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd and Cr were calculated to assess the potential ecological risk of heavy metal pollution.[Result] In surface sediment in Weishan Lake,the average contents of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr and Ni were 64.78,185.05,78.76,0.17,37.76 and 46.84mg/kg respectively.Cr and Cd weren’t beyond standards in all stations,while Cu and Pb exceeded standards in all stations,with average super-standard multiple of 0.85 and 0.31,respectively,and Zn content wasn’t beyond standard in S2 station,with average super-standard multiple of 0.24.The average pollution indices of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd and Cr were 1.85,1.23,1.31,0.34 and 0.47 respectively,with average comprehensive pollution index of 5.21,which showed that heavy metal pollution was light.In addition,heavy metal pollution in entryway portion and sea-route portion were more serious than that of breeding portion.Potential ecological risk assessment showed that the average potential ecological risk indices of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd and Cr were 9.25,1.23,6.56,10.34 and 0.94 respectively,with average comprehensive potential ecological risk index of 28.33,and it revealed that potential ecological risk of heavy metals was slight.Besides,the potential ecological risk order of heavy metal pollution was sea-route portion>entryway portion>breeding portion.[Conclusion] The study could provide references for the regulation and improvement of ecological environment in Weishan Lake in the east route of south-to-north water transfer project.

Research on the ecological risk of heavy metals in the soil around a Pb–Zn mine in the Huize County, China

The soil pollution by heavy metals was characterized in the mine tailings and surrounding soils of an old Pb–Zn mine in Huize County. Three hundred and ninety-six samples of agricultural and non-agricultural soil were analyzed for the total metal concentration by acid digestion and sixty-eight selected soil samples were used to determine the chemical fractionation of heavy metals with the modified BCR sequential extraction method. The pollution index of the heavy metals indices for As, Cd, Cr, Cu,Hg, Pb and Zn of non-agricultural soil and agricultural soils in the study area indicated the spreading of heavy metal pollution. Sequential extraction showed that most of Cd existed in an exchangeable form(31.2 %). The available content of Pb, Cu and Zn was mainly distributed in acid extractable fractions and Fe/Mn oxide fractions(27.9, 30 and 27.2 %), and Hg, As and Cr were mainly associated with residual fractions(90.4, 72.9 and 76.8 %). The risks of heavy metals were also evaluated by the risk assessment code(RAC) and potential ecological risk index, respectively. The results of RAC showed a medium and high risk of Cd(45.6 and 54.4 %), medium risk of Zn(100 %), low and medium risk of Cu(41.2 and 58.8 %), largely no risk of Hg(97.1 %), and mainly low risk of As and Pb(92.6and 91.8 %). The range of the potential ecological risk of soil was 58.2–1839.3, revealing a considerably high ecological risk in the study area, most likely related to acid mine drainage and the mining complexes located in the area. The results can be used during the ecological risk screening stage, in conjunction with the total concentrations and metal fractionation values, to better estimate ecological risk.

Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Sediment Around Techeng Island Special Marine Reserves in Zhanjiang Bay

The concentrations of five metals(Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Hg) were measured in sediments obtained before and after the establishment of Techeng Island Special Marine Reserves(TCISMR) in Zhanjiang Bay to evaluate the ecological risk of heavy metals. The results showed that average values of potential ecological risk indexes of heavy metals at all stations increased slightly from 32.09 to 30.54 after establishment of TCISMR. Optimal semivariance simulation showed that the contents of five heavy metals have strong spatial correlations in August 2010(before), while this correlations weakened in April 2013(after establishment of TCISMR), suggesting that the main sources of heavy metals changed. The Hakanson Risk Index(HRI) values in Donghai levee, central and southern parts of Zhanjiang harbor were high up to 60.13 and 46.46, respectively. And Zhanjiang Bay Channel, the areas around special marine reserves, the artificial reef areas and mangrove areas at south of Techeng Island are the areas with low ecological risk and high ecological value, which should be treated as the prior ecological protection areas. Our study provided a priority control pattern of heavy metal pollution in TCISMR, which greatly benefits the sustainable development and resource protection in Zhanjiang Bay.

Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface seawater and sediment near the outlet of a zinc factory in Huludao City, Liaoning Province, China

At present, the methods widely applied to assess ecological risk of heavy metals are essentially single-point estimates in which exposure and toxicity data cannot be fully used and probabilities of adverse biological effects cannot be achieved. In this study, based on investigation of concentrations of six heavy metals(As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn) in the surface seawater and sediment near the outlet of a zinc factory, located in Huludao City, Liaoning Province, China, a tiered approach consisting of several probabilistic options was used to refi ne ecological risk assessment for the individuals. A mixture of various heavy metals was detected in the surface seawater, and potential ecological risk index(PERI) was adopted to assess the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the surface sediment. The results from all levels of aquatic ecological risk assessment in the tiered framework, ranging from comparison of single effects and exposure values to the use of distribution-based Hazard Quotient obtained through Monte Carlo simulation, are consistent with each other. Briefl y, aquatic Zn and Cu posed a clear ecological risk, while Cd, Pb, Hg, and As in the water column posed potential risk. As expected, combined ecological risk of heavy metal mixture in the surface seawater was proved signifi cantly higher than the risk caused by any individual heavy metal, calculated using the concept of total equivalent concentration. According to PERI, the severity of pollution by the six heavy metals in the surface sediment decreased in the following sequence: Cd>Hg>As>Pb>Cu>Zn, and the total heavy metals in the sediment posed a very high risk to the marine environment. This study provides a useful mathematical framework for ecological risk assessment of heavy metals.

Ecological risk assessment of surficial sediment by heavy metals from a submerged archaeology harbor,South Mediterranean Sea,Egypt

A protected semi-enclosed embayment,the Eastern Harbor(EH),is situated in the central sector of the Mediterranean coast of Alexandria,Egypt.It is a famous fishing dock and water-sport center and its importance arose after the discovery of the Ptolemaic royal quarter of ancient Alexandria.To protect this national treasure and improve its environmental health,the untreated anthropogenic effluents,which continued for decades into the EH since 1992,must be totally stopped.Accordingly,it is an important issue to continually monitor and asses the environmental status of the EH.The sediment texture,total organic carbon,and the accumulation,distribution,and ecological risks of Cd,Cr,Pb,As,Hg and A1 were determined with a total of 14 surficial sediments samples collected in the EH during 2010.Metal contents were compared to the literature data to assess the pollution status of sediments.Enrichment factors,Degree of contamination(mCd)and potential ecological risk were calculated as a criterion of possible contamination.Since mCd calculation produces an overall average value for a range of pollutants,in the present study the contamination factor that provides a measure of the degree of overall contamination in the surface layers in a particular sampling site may provide a better indication of the state of pollution in the EH sediments than other indicators.

The Massive Expansion and Spatial Transformation of Potentially Contaminated Land Across China in 1990–2020 Observed from Remote Sensing and Big-data

Identifying and monitoring the spatiotemporal patterns of potentially contaminated land(PCL) in China is a key concern of ecological governance. However, the dynamics of PCL’s expansion remain unclear nationwide. Integrating high-resolution remote sensing images, a land-use/cover change database, crawler data from websites, and other multisource data, we produced a new dataset of China’s PCL in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 using data fusion technology. Then we analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of China’s PCL from 1990 to 2020. Our study shows that the acquired vector dataset of China’s PCL is of high quality and reliability, with an overall accuracy of 93.21%. The area of China’s PCL has kept growing for the past 30 years, and the growth rate was especially rapid during2000–2010, 2.32 and 6.13 times as rapid as that during 1990–2000 and 2010–2020, respectively. PCL has also been trending toward higher aggregation over markedly enlarged areas and has transferred progressively from north and southeast of China to northwest and southwest of China and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The patterns of China’s PCL have been driven by the joint factors of policies, mineral resources, economy, and others, among which policies and the economy have contributed more prominently to the long-term transition.Our study promotes the access to high-quality spatial data of PCL to facilitate environmental governance of mine wastes, pollution and land management.

某废弃煤矿区土壤重金属污染风险评价

煤矿在开采过程中产生大量煤矸石、洗煤水等废弃物,其中的重金属污染物经沉降、径流、淋滤等作用迁移、扩散至周边水土环境中,对生态环境构成威胁。为研究某废弃煤矿区土壤重金属污染状况,评价重金属污染生态风险,检测了该矿区煤矸石、水、土壤样品中Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Cr、Ni、Hg、Cd元素质量分数,利用单因子指数法和潜在生态危害指数法分别分析了土壤重金属污染状况和潜在生态风险;重点分析了矿区洗煤厂下游土壤重金属污染特征,并采用改进BCR连续提取法分析了洗煤厂下游土壤样品重金属元素(Cu、Zn、Cd)形态,借鉴风险评价编码法评价了重金属元素的生物有效性和环境风险。结果表明:①以平均值计,废弃煤矿区煤矸石中重金属质量分数较低,仅Cr元素质量分数稍高于土壤中的质量分数,且煤矸石中重金属元素质量分数均未超过相应的农用地土壤风险筛选值,对矿区土壤重金属污染影响小。②废弃煤矿区土壤重金属超标元素为Cu、Zn、Cd、Ni、As,Cu、Zn、Ni和As元素污染较轻微,Cd元素污染较严重;Cu、Zn、Ni元素污染区主要集中在矸石山西部和东南部地块,在空间分布上有一定重合;As元素污染分布在矸石山东北部地块,Cd元素污染在矿区广泛分布,以中度–重度污染为主。③Cd、Hg元素存在潜在生态危害风险,Cd元素潜在生态危害风险程度高,重金属元素综合潜在生态危害风险等级较高,主要为中等-强风险。④洗煤厂下游区域沿水流方向土壤重金属元素总体呈递减趋势,Cd元素污染较严重,Cu、Zn、Ni、As元素污染集中在洗煤厂下游200 m内,剖面样品中垂向方向上重金属元素质量分数呈递减趋势,在垂向上没有累积。⑤矿区地下水水质较好,矿井排水重金属元素质量分数及pH满足Ⅲ类地表水水质标准限值,矿井水外排对周边土壤重金属污染影响小。⑥Cu和Zn元素酸可提取态占比低,生物有效性低,Cd元素酸可提取态占比高,呈高度风险–极高风险,生物有效性强,环境风险高。基于矿区重金属污染现状,建议进一步加强土壤重金属污染防治工作,加强源头治理、农产品食品安全监测和Cd元素污染调查研究工作。

霍邱县城湖泊沉积物重金属污染特征、潜在生态风险及来源

为了解霍邱县城西湖和城东湖表层沉积物重金属的污染特征、空间分布、潜在来源和生态风险,对城西湖和城东湖表层沉积物重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn)含量进行了分析,采用地累积指数法、污染负荷指数法、潜在生态危害指数法和沉积物质量基准法对重金属污染程度及潜在生态危害进行了评价,并利用相关性分析、聚类分析及主成分解析了重金属来源。结果表明,除城东湖的Cd、Hg、Pb和城西湖的Hg外,其余元素均值超过背景值,重金属含量存在显著的空间变异性,大致呈北向南递减趋势。地累积指数表明城西湖沉积物中Ni和Zn处于未受污染中度污染状态,污染负荷指数显示城西湖为中度污染状态,城西湖和城东湖处于轻度生态风险状态。重金属溯源分析结果显示城西湖和城东湖沉积物中Cr、Zn、Ni和Cu主要来源成土母质、矿产开采和水产养殖,As、Pb、Hg和Cd主要来源于农业污染和生活污水。研究结果可为城西湖和城东湖重金属污染防治提供科学依据。

山东省唐口矿区采煤塌陷地复垦土壤重金属潜在生态风险评价

本文采集山东省唐口矿区采煤塌陷地复垦土壤样品39个,分析了测试样品中As、Hg、Cr、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu、Ni的含量及pH,选取不同的参比值,采用潜在生态风险指数法对复垦土壤中重金属污染状况和潜在生态风险进行了评价。结果表明,研究区复垦土壤中重金属含量除Cd外均未超过《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB15618—2018)中规定的农用地土壤污染风险筛选值。Hg、Pb、Zn的平均含量大于济宁市表层土壤地球化学背景值。复垦土壤重金属相关性分析表明,Cr-Ni元素具有较高同源性;As-Cu-Pb-Zn元素可能具有相似的来源,并且伴随有复合来源的可能;Hg和Cd元素来源与其他重金属不同。采用国家风险筛选值为参比值时,研究区复垦土壤整体生态风险水平为轻,但单项重金属Cd存在中度污染风险,需要重点关注。采用土壤背景值为参比值时,研究区复垦土壤中As、Pb、Ni、Cu、Cr和Zn处于轻度生态风险等级;Hg处于强生态风险等级,部分样品存在很强、极强生态风险等级;Cd虽处于轻度生态风险等级,但部分样品存在中度、强生态风险等级。研究区复垦土壤重金属综合潜在生态风险以轻度、中度为主,Hg和Cd是主要贡献因子。

湖南某锡矿尾矿库周边土壤重金属污染特征及其来源分析

文章采用地质统计分析、污染指数法、地质累积指数法及潜在生态风险指数法对锡矿尾矿库周边表层土壤中Cd、Pb、As、Zn、Cu含量、分布及污染程度进行统计与分析,并采用相关性分析及主成分分析法对重金属来源进行定性描述。结果显示:(1)重金属平均值为Pb 398.70 mg/kg、Cd 5.97 mg/kg、As 1135.68 mg/kg、Cu 77.04 mg/kg、Zn 545.63 mg/kg,所有样品重金属含量均超过背景值;(2)尾矿库周边土壤为重污染,周边区域污染程度为西北>北侧>东侧>南侧>西侧,5种重金属均具有累积性,Igeo均值显示Cd>As>Pb>Zn>Cu;(3)地块综合潜在风险为极强风险,单项生态风险指数为Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Zn;(4)As、Pb、Cu、Zn存在极显著相关性,Cd与Zn极显著相关,与As、Pb显著相关。研究区土壤污染原因主要为干滩扬尘、地表漫流、废水泄露及渗漏,以及周边历史上尾砂及尾砂填埋影响等。

热水解对鸡粪和牛粪厌氧消化及重金属风险的影响

为探究热水解预处理对鸡粪和牛粪在厌氧消化过程中产气效率的提升作用以及对消化残渣中重金属形态变化及潜在生态风险的影响。该研究以鸡粪和牛粪为处理对象,采用热水解处理技术,开展了连续中温厌氧消化试验。考察了热水解对畜禽粪污可生化性和重金属迁移风险。该研究还评估了连续施用厌氧消化鸡粪和牛粪15 a后土壤中重金属的积累量和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数。试验发现,鸡粪中木质纤维素含量占干固体总量的25%,牛粪为57.7%。热水解处理能够增强牛粪中木质纤维素的水解,热水解后木质纤维素的降解率为19.2%;但热水解对鸡粪的木质纤维素水解影响不明显,降解率仅为5.3%。鸡粪挥发性固体(volatile solid,VS)产气率为482 L/kg,热水解后产气率提升了12.4%;牛粪产气率为321 L/kg,热水解后产气率提升了31.2%。仅通过热水解不能降低鸡粪中重金属的迁移风险;而经过厌氧消化后,除Hg和Ni外,其他重金属迁移风险均降低到了低风险水平。牛粪经过热水解和厌氧消化处理后重金属向残渣态转换,但迁移风险没有明显改善。连续施用鸡粪和牛粪15 a后,土壤未出现的重金属积累,且15 a内总潜在生态风险等级处于低风险。该研究结果可为鸡粪和牛粪的能源化、无害化处理以及土地利用应用提供了理论依据和数据指导。

井冈蜜柚主产区土壤重金属污染特征及风险评价

为探明井冈蜜柚园土壤重金属污染特征及风险状况,采集江西省吉安市4个主产区18个具有代表性的井冈蜜柚园土壤样品,测定其土壤理化性质和重金属(Cd、Pb、As、Hg和Cr)含量,采用单因子、地累积和内梅罗综合污染指数(PN)评价其污染程度,并采用潜在生态风险指数(RI)评价其生态风险。结果表明,研究区土壤肥力呈中下水平,酸化严重,碱解氮较缺乏。0—20 cm土壤Cd、Pb、As、Hg和Cr平均含量为0.23、63.81、13.95、0.10和167.28 mg·kg^(-1),为背景值的2.30、1.99、1.35、1.25和3.49倍;20—40 cm平均含量为0.26、62.40、13.51、0.10和167.87 mg·kg^(-1),为背景值的2.60、1.94、1.31、1.25和3.50倍;不同深度重金属含量差异较小。单因子污染指数和地累积指数均表明研究区土壤Cr、Pb和Cd累积程度较为严重,其中Cd有11.11%的属于重度污染。以标准值为参比,研究区土壤重金属污染程度主要呈轻度污染,属低生态危害程度;以背景值为参比,研究区土壤主要为中、重度污染,属中等、强危害程度。相关性分析表明,土壤重金属Cr与Pb、As具有较好的同源性。冗余分析表明,土壤pH和有机质含量是影响井冈蜜柚土壤重金属变化的主要环境因子。总体上,研究区土壤重金属污染较轻,但部分果园存在土壤重金属超标和Cd、Cr和Pb的累积程度较严重的问题,果农和有关部门需引起重视,采取有效措施防范其生态风险。

浙江省毛竹总汞分布特征及其生态风险评估

毛竹作为浙江地区重要优良竹种,占浙江省总竹林面积的87.75%。研究竹林总汞分布特征对进一步了解其对汞生物地球化学循环过程的影响具有重要意义。本文对浙江省内9片受人为汞排放源影响较小的(对照林)和12片靠近燃煤火电厂的(火电林)毛竹林鲜叶、落叶、土壤总汞浓度进行取样分析,探讨了人为汞排放源和海拔对毛竹林总汞分布的影响;同时,运用潜在生态风险因子评价了毛竹林土壤汞风险。结果表明,毛竹林可以经叶片吸收大气汞,再通过落叶分解最终将汞积累在土壤中,毛竹林鲜叶总汞浓度均值(88.6±49.0 ng/g)<落叶总汞浓度均值(139.9±71.6 ng/g)<土壤总汞浓度均值(216.4±130.3 ng/g),且鲜叶与落叶(R^(2)=0.57)、落叶与土壤(R^(2)=0.81)的总汞浓度之间均成正相关关系;燃煤电厂排放的大气汞,不仅会直接给周边毛竹林带来较大的汞沉积,而且会促进鲜叶对大气汞的吸收,火电林所有样品总汞浓度均相应高于对照林并且火电林的落叶、土壤样品显著高于对照林(P<0.05);毛竹鲜叶总汞浓度随海拔升高而增加,落叶、土壤总汞浓度与海拔均无显著相关性;火电厂周边毛竹林土壤汞有较强的潜在生态风险。

绿洲城市土壤及地下水重金属污染及源解析

干旱区城市分布在绿洲区域,承载着大部分的人类活动,近年来随着社会经济的发展,绿洲的环境污染问题日益突出,但基础调查数据的缺少导致城市重金属污染现状尚不清楚。该研究以新疆和田绿洲为典型研究区,对城市不同功能区的土壤和地下水进行样品采集,结合内梅罗综合污染指数法、主成分分析法(PCA)、正矩阵因子分解法(PMF)等,对和田绿洲城市6种重金属(As、Zn、Cu、Cd、Ni、Pb)空间分布特征和来源进行了分析,并对土壤潜在风险进行评价。结果表明:(1)和田市土壤重金属含量均未超过国家风险筛选值,与新疆土壤背景值基本持平,污染较小。土壤重金属潜在生态风险程度较低,表现为轻微风险。(2)研究区地下水重金属含量均达到Ⅲ类水标准,为饮用水水质,各重金属含量分布均匀,联系较弱。(3)研究区土壤与地下水重金属均以自然源、工业源为主要来源,土壤重金属另有一个农业及交通混合源。其中土壤中自然源、农业交通混合源和工业源的贡献分别占43.06%、27.99%、28.95%。土壤与地下水重金属含量较低,污染较弱,两者重金属来源基本相同,主要受自然环境与人为活动影响。该研究以期为干旱区绿洲重金属污染研究提供参考和依据。

2010-2020年伶仃洋表层沉积物重金属含量及潜在生态风险变化

珠江口是中国重金属污染最严重的河口之一,为了解该河口区近十余年来的重金属污染变化状况,分别于2010和2020年在污染物最易聚集的伶仃洋海域开展了表层沉积物调查取样工作,并使用ICP-MS方法测试了所有样本的V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb等重金属含量。结果显示,2020年所取沉积物中Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn和Pb的平均含量都比2010年样本的含量显著降低,V和Ni的变化甚微,Co的含量则明显上升。富集系数法和潜在生态危害指数法的评价结果也反映出2020年沉积物中Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn以及Cr的富集程度及潜在生态危害总体上较10年前都有不同程度的缓解,但仍有超过50%的样本中Cd呈现中度—显著富集。V和Ni在2个时期的沉积物中均为轻微富集或基本无富集,但2020年属轻微富集的比例相比2010年有所增加。Co的富集程度及潜在生态危害较2010年加剧,但尚属轻微级。空间上看,伶仃洋4大口门水道,尤其是洪奇沥和蕉门水道,仍为珠江口重金属污染的重灾区,其中,Cd依然是富集程度最高、受人为影响最大且潜在生态风险最强的重金属,其次是Cu和Pb。