Potential Impact of COP28 Resolution on Taiwan

After two weeks of discussions and consultations at the 28 th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(COP28),states parties finally reached a series of important sustainable development resolutions and voluntary initiatives.In this paper,the possible impact of these resolutions on Taiwan was mainly discussed,and the relevant regulations and policies that the Taiwan government may enact were analyzed.

Potential Impacts and Challenges of Climate Change on Water Quality and Ecosystem:Case Studies in Representative Rivers in China

气候变化对水质与水生态的潜在影响已经成为当前必须面对的新问题和新挑战,这也引起了世界各国科学家和政府的高度关注。但是,由于它的复杂性和不确定性,目前针对该问题的科学研究和科学实践仍然十分有限。本文首先回顾了近年来国内外相关研究成果,并指出了研究现状与现实需要之间的差距。另外,基于作者在淮河和汉江的相关研究成果,我们认为,人类活动和经济发展所产生的排污是造成水质与水生态恶化的最重要的原因,同时,气候变化在此基础上具有推波助澜的增益作用,气候变化主要通过改变水温和水文情势进而影响水质和水生态。本文最后讨论了适应性对策的内涵,认为适应性对策应该包括适应方式和适应能力建设两个主要方面,适应性对策应该尽可能地具有针对性和可操作性。本文对今后的相关研究可起澄清概念和指明方向的作用。

Tropical cyclone hazards analysis based on tropical cyclone potential impact index

Tropical cyclone,a high energy destructive meteorological system with heavy rainfall and gale triggered massive landslides and windstorms,poses a significant threat to coastal areas.In this paper we have developed a Tropical Cyclone Potential Impact Index （TCPI） based on the air mass trajectories,disaster information,intensity,duration,and frequency of tropical cyclones.We analyzed the spatial pattern and interannual variation of the TCPI over the period 1949-2009,and taking the Super Typhoon Saomai as an example have examined the relationship between the TCPI and direct economic losses,total rainfall,and maximum wind speed.The results reveal that China＇s TCPI appears to be a weak decreasing trend over the period,which is not significant overall,but significant in some periods.Over the past 20 years,the TCPI decreased in the southern China coastal provinces of Hainan,Guangdong and Guangxi,while it increased in the southeastern coastal provinces of Zhejiang,Fujian and Taiwan.The highest values of TCPI are mainly observed in Taiwan,Hainan,the coastal areas of Guangdong and Fujian and Zhejiang＇s southern coast.The TCPI has a good correlation （P=0.01） with direct economic loss,rainfall,and maximum wind speed.

Yearly tropical cyclone potential impact index in China

A new composite index called the yearly tropical cyclone potential impact(YTCPI)is introduced.The relationship between YTCPI and activities of tropical cyclones(TCs)in China,disaster loss,and main ambient fields are investigated to show the potential of YTCPI as a new tool for short-term climate prediction of TCs.YTCPI can indicate TC activity and potential disaster loss.As correlation coefficients between YTCPI and frequency of landfalling TCs,the frequency of TCs traversing or forming inside a 24 h warning line in China from 1971 to 2010 are 0.58 and 0.56,respectively(both are at a statistically significant level,aboveα=0.001).Furthermore,three simple indexes are used to compare with YTCPI.They all have very close relationships with it,with correlation coefficients 0.75,0.82 and 0.78.For economic loss and YTCPI,the correlation coefficient is 0.57 for 1994–2009.Information on principal ambient fields(sea surface temperature,850 and 500 hPa geopotential heights)during the previous winter is reflected in the relationship with YTCPI.Spatial and temporal variabilities of ambient fields are extracted through empirical orthogonal function(EOF)analysis.Spatial distributions of correlation coefficient between YTCPI and ambient fields match the EOF main mode.Correlation coefficients between YTCPI and the EOF time array for the three ambient fields are 0.46,0.44 and 0.4,respectively,all statistically significant,aboveα=0.01.The YTCPI has the overall potential to be an improved prediction tool.

Dynamic Changes of Nitrogen in Saline-alkaline Paddy Field and Its Potential Environmental Impacts

[Objective] The paper was to study the dynamic changes of nitrogen in saline-alkaline paddy field and its potential environment impacts. [Method] With typical sodic saline-alkaline paddy fields of Songnen Plain as study object,field test method was used to explore the dynamic changes was strong alkof nitrogen in paddy field of the region and its potential impact on environment. [Result] The soil in test regionaline with high CEC and C/N ratios,as well as poor preserving capacity of fertilizer. During the two-year field experiment,the indicators of salinization fluctuated. Initially,the concentrations of total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen reached their maximum values,then decreased over time as a result of heavy rain. The maximum of nitrate concentration appeared later than those of total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen. Ammonia volatilization accounted for 18.9%-28.8% of the nitrogen loss. The total nitrogen concentration in surface water was higher than the national Class Ⅲ surface water environmental quality standard. The concentration of ammonia from the recession flow of agricultural field was considerably high,which would potentially threaten the fishery in the downstream of Chagan Lake. [Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for saline-alkaline soil management and conservation of water and fishery resources.

The Potential Scenarios of the Impacts of Climate Change on Egyptian Resources and Agricultural Plant Production

The emissions of greenhouse gasses in Egypt are about 0.58% of the total emissions of the world in the year 2015, although Egypt is one of the countries most affected by the impacts of climate change. By assessment and analysis of the expected economic impacts of climate change by the year 2030, the Egyptian cultivated area will be reduced to about 0.949 million acres, equal to about 8.22% of the Egyptian cultivated area compared with the case of no sinking part of the Delta land, thus reducing crop area in Egypt to about 1.406 million acres, approximately to about 6.25% of crop area compared with the case of no sinking part of the Delta land, in addition to surplus in the Egyptian balance water to about 2.48 billion m3. In this case value of the Egyptian agriculture production will decrease by about 6.19 billion dollars, equal to about 6.19% compared with presumably no sinking of the Delta land. In the case of sinking 15% of Delta lands, with the change of the productivity and water consumption of most crops, the result will be a reduction in the cultivated area to about 0.94 million acres. In addition to decreasing the Egyptian crop area to about 1.39 million acres, with a deficit in the Egyptian balance water to about 4.74 billion m3 compared to the case of no sinking part of the Delta land, the cultivated area will decrease to about 8.17%, and the crop area will decrease 6.18%. Also, the value of the Egyptian agriculture production will decrease by about 12.51%. While compared to sinking part of the Delta land to about 15% of the total Delta area without the other impacts of climate change, the cultivated area will increase by about 0.06%;the crop area will increase by about 0.08%;also, the value of the Egyptian agriculture production will decrease by about 5.57%.

Tower Semiconductor Acquisition: Advancing Intel’s Presence in the Global Market

This paper delves into the economic event surrounding Intel Corporation’s high-profile acquisition of Tower Corporation.It aims to investigate the reasons behind Intel’s decision to acquire Tower,employ the SWOT analysis method to evaluate the event,and examine its impact on relevant stakeholders.The findings indicate that Intel’s acquisition of Tower was driven by objectives such as strengthening business areas,expanding market share,technological innovation and development,and future development strategy.Through the application of SWOT analysis,it becomes evident that the advantages of the acquisition lie in strengthening technical capabilities and expanding business segments,while simultaneously facing challenges such as integration complexities and pressure.The significance of this paper lies in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the strategic motivations and potential impacts associated with corporate acquisitions,thereby providing valuable insights for decision-making processes.The innovation lies in the comprehensive utilization of SWOT analysis to holistically evaluate the acquisition event,enabling a thorough assessment of its various aspects.For government and policymakers,they should strength regulation of corporate takeovers to ensure fair and transparent market competition,provide support and incentives,and strength cooperation to develop common policies and norms.As for enterprises,it is advised that strategic planning and comprehensive consideration should be formulated and carried out when making acquisitions.Also,stakeholders should actively participate in and monitor the process of corporate acquisition discussion and decision-making,and strengthen cooperation to ensure fair competition,maximizing the interests of all parties.

Development of Reaction Process with the Consideration of Environmental Impact Minimization

A methodology is presented to identify environmental impact minimization alternatives for reaction processes and assess their environmental performance. The potential environmental impact (PEI) scheme can be used to visibly display the transformation relationships among different types of PEI, identify the sources of environmental impacts, and propose alternatives for eliminating or minimizing the impacts. To evaluate the environmental performance of the alternatives effectively, some new indices, such as PEI input rate of non-products, PEI output rate of non-products per profit and the PEI conversion efficiency are proposed. Finally, the application of the methodology is illustrated using an industrial case study.

Assessment and Mapping of Potential Storm Surge Impacts on Global Population and Economy

With global climate change, population growth,and economic development in the twenty-first century,large cyclonic storm surges may result in devastating effects in some coastal areas of the world. However, due to the deficiency of global data and large-scale modeling efforts, the assessment and mapping of potential storm surge impacts at the global level are limited. In this article,the potential inundated area of global coastal zones is projected using information diffusion theory, based on the historical hourly sea-level observation records from the University of Hawaii Sea Level Center(UHSLC), considering variations in coastal morphology and tropical cyclone tracks. Combined with global demographic and GDP data,population and GDP at risk of storm surge impacts are calculated, mapped, and validated through the comparison with historical losses. The resulting potential impact maps provide a preliminary outlook on risks that may help governments of countries to make storm surge disaster prevention and reduction plans.

Reactor Network Synthesis for Waste Reduction Using Instantaneous Value of Environmental Index

Waste reduction is gaining importance as the preferred means of pollution prevention. Reactor network synthesis is one of the key parts of chemical process synthesis. In this study, a geometric approach to reactor network synthesis for waste reduction is presented. The bases of the approach are potential environment impact （PEI） rate-law expression, PEI balance and the instantaneous value of environmental indexes. The instantaneous value can be derived using the PEI balance, PEI rate-law expression and the environmental indexes. The optimal reactor networks with the minimum generation of potential environment impact are geometrically derived by comparing with areas of the corresponding regions. From the case study involving complex reactions, the approach does not involve solving the complicated mathematical problem and can avoid the dimension limitation in the attainable region approach.

Investigation on flood event variations at space and time scales in the Huaihe River Basin of China using flood behavior classification

Flood is one of the severest natural disasters in the world and has caused enormous causalities and property losses.Previous studies usually focus on flood magnitude and occurrence time at event scale,which are insufficient to contain entire behavior characteristics of flood events.In our study,nine behavior metrics in five categories(e.g.,magnitude,duration,timing,rates of changes and variability)are adopted to fully describe a flood event.Regional and interannual variations of representative flood classes are investigated based on behavior similarity classification of numerous events.Contributions of geography,land use,hydrometeorology and human regulation on these variations are explored by rank analysis method.Results show that:five representative classes are identified,namely,conventional events(Class 1,61.7% of the total),low discharge events with multiple peaks(Class 2,5.3%),low discharge events with low rates of changes(Class 3,18.1%),low discharge events with high rates of changes(Class 4,10.8%)and high discharge events with long durations(Class 5,4.1%).Classes 1 and 3 are the major flood events and distributed across the whole region.Class 4 is mainly distributed in river sources,while Classes 2 and 5 are in the middle and down streams.Moreover,the flood class is most diverse in normal precipitation years(2006,2008-2010 and 2015),followed by wet years(2007,2013-2014),and dry years(2011 and 2012).All the impact factor categories explain 34.0%-84.1% of individual flood class variations.The hydrometeorological category(7.2%-56.9%)is the most important,followed by geographical(1.0%-6.3%),regulation(1.7%-5.1%)and land use(0.9%-2.2%)categories.This study could provide new insights into flood event variations in a comprehensive manner,and provide decision-making basis for flood control and resource utilization at basin scale.