The reverse osmosis method is one of the most widely used methods of seawater desalination at present.Hydrophilic and desalting membranes in reverse osmosis systems are highly susceptible to the input pollutants.Vario...The reverse osmosis method is one of the most widely used methods of seawater desalination at present.Hydrophilic and desalting membranes in reverse osmosis systems are highly susceptible to the input pollutants.Various contaminants,including suspended organic and inorganic matter,result in membrane fouling and membrane degradation.Fundamental parameters such as the turbidity,the amount of chlorine injection,and silt density index (SDI) are the most predominant parameters of fouling control in the membranes.In this study,the operation system included a water intake unit,a pretreatment system,and an RO system.The pretreatment system encompassed a clarifier,a gravity sand filter,pressurized sand filters,and a cartridge filter.The correlation between the amount of chlorine injection in terms of the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and the SDI value of the input water was investigated at a specified site next to the Persian Gulf.The results showed that,at certain intervals of inlet turbidity,injection of a certain amount of chlorine into the raw water has a distinct effect on the decrease of SDI.展开更多
文摘The reverse osmosis method is one of the most widely used methods of seawater desalination at present.Hydrophilic and desalting membranes in reverse osmosis systems are highly susceptible to the input pollutants.Various contaminants,including suspended organic and inorganic matter,result in membrane fouling and membrane degradation.Fundamental parameters such as the turbidity,the amount of chlorine injection,and silt density index (SDI) are the most predominant parameters of fouling control in the membranes.In this study,the operation system included a water intake unit,a pretreatment system,and an RO system.The pretreatment system encompassed a clarifier,a gravity sand filter,pressurized sand filters,and a cartridge filter.The correlation between the amount of chlorine injection in terms of the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and the SDI value of the input water was investigated at a specified site next to the Persian Gulf.The results showed that,at certain intervals of inlet turbidity,injection of a certain amount of chlorine into the raw water has a distinct effect on the decrease of SDI.
文摘从阳离子脂质体的形态、平均粒径、粒径分布、Zeta电位及浊度等方面,考察了季铵盐型阳离子脂质体CPA14的稳定性。经透射电子显微镜检测,阳离子脂质体呈球形结构,粒径为100~200 nm。经粒度分析仪检测,阳离子脂质体平均粒径为210~260 nm,颗粒分布均匀,Zeta电位为55~90 m V。脂质体在4℃条件下存放3个月,外观无明显变化,脂质体的浊度变化不大。证实季铵盐型阳离子脂质体CPA14稳定性良好,适合用作基因载体进行基因转运。阳离子脂质体与质粒DNA在N∶P质量比为3∶1时可高效转染人宫颈癌细胞,与商品转染试剂DOTAP转染效率相当。为新型季铵盐型阳离子脂质体基因载体的构建提供了理论依据。
