鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina L.)生物学特性的初步研究

详细描述了鹅绒委陵菜的生物学特性 ,并根据鹅绒委陵菜的生物学特性 ,将其生育期划分为 6个时期 ,即萌发期、基株生长期、匍匐期、花果期。

蕨麻(Potentilla anserina L.)自然资源状况的初步研究

系统地调查了蕨麻(鹅绒委陵菜的块根)的民间使用方法、资源分布规律、生长环境和生物学特性,为今后科学保护和合理开发该资源提供了可靠的理论基础。

采收季节对鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina L.)块根总黄酮含量的影响

通过紫外可见光光度法测定了不同季节采收的鹅绒委陵菜块根———蕨麻以及野生蕨麻中的总黄酮含量,结果表明,栽培种和野生种总黄酮含量几乎没有差别;春蕨麻和秋蕨麻的总黄酮含量有较大差异,秋蕨麻的总黄酮含量比春蕨麻高25 8%,从而为蕨麻的最佳收获时间提供了理论依据.

Polysaccharide-rich extract of Potentilla anserina ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in free fatty acid-induced HepG2 cells and high-fat/sugar diet-fed mice

Potentilla anserina L.(PA)belongs to the Rosaceae family,is a common edible plant in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau areas of China.This study elucidates the mechanism upon which crude polysaccharide of PA(PAP)on fat accumulation in HepG2 cells stimulated by oleic acid(OA)and high fat high sugar induced mice.The result revealed that PAP inhibited lipid accumulation in obese mice and ameliorated the degree of damage in OA-induced HepG2 cells.Specifically,compared to the control group,the TG and TC levels were decreased in cells and mice serum,the aspartate transaminase and alamine aminotransferase contents were declined in liver of obese mice by PAP treatment.The expressions of adipogenic genes of SREBP-1c,C/EBPα,PPARγ,and FAS were inhibited after PAP treatment.Moreover,PAP increased the mRNA levels of CPT-1 and PPARα,which were involved in fatty acid oxidation.The present results indicated the PAP could alleviate the damage of liver associated with obesity and PAP treatment might provide a dietary therapeutic option for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina)生长特征

以调查统计的方法研究了矮嵩草草甸内鹅绒委陵菜无性生长特征 ,研究结果表明 :匍匐茎只有 1条的鹅绒委陵菜最多 ,占 5 2 .86 % ,匍匐茎有 4条的鹅绒委陵菜只占 4.2 9%。同一鹅绒委陵菜无性系中 ,随着匍匐茎数目的增多 ,分株数、间隔子数、茎总长和匍匐茎比节间重变小。分株一般在第二级或第三级最高 ,末级较高 ;间隔子一般以第二、第三或第四级为最长 ,最末一级较长 ,第一级最短。随鹅绒委陵菜匍匐茎数目的增多 。

Leaf gas exchange and photosynthesis curves of Elymus nutans and Potentilla anserina under fencing and grazing conditions in the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China

Potentilla anserina L.and Elymus nutans Griseb.are dominant species in the subalpine meadows of China.Grazing is one of the most important factors that influence community structure and productivity of subalpine meadows.Understanding how grazing changes photosynthetic capability is essential for preservation and restoration of grasslands.However,information about the effects of grazing on photosynthetic capability remains inadequate.Experiments were conducted in fencing and grazing areas in the Qilian Mountains,Northwest China.The leaf gas exchange and photosynthetic curves of P.anserina and E.nutans were measured at different growth stages.Results showed that grazing decreased the values of leaf gas exchange parameters,such as net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,and intercellular CO2 concentration of P.anserina and E.nutans.In addition,grazing decreased the values of net photosynthetic rate-photosynthetically active radiation(PN-PAR)curve parameters,such as light-saturated net photosynthetic rate,apparent quantum efficiency,light compensation point,light saturation point,and dark respiration rate.Our results demonstrated that grazing was the primary limiting factor for photosynthesis of dominant grassland species in the study area.

Modified non-rectangular hyperbola equation with plant height for photosynthetic light-response curves of Potentilla anserina and Elymus nutans at various growth phases in the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China

The non-rectangular hyperbola(NRH)equation is the most popular method that plots the photosynthetic light-response(PLR)curve and helps to identify plant photosynthetic capability.However,the PLR curve can't be plotted well by the NRH equation at different plant growth phases due to the variations of plant development.Recently,plant physiological parameters have been considered into the NRH equation to establish the modified NRH equation,but plant height(H),an important parameter in plant growth phases,is not taken into account.In this study,H was incorporated into the NRH equation to establish the modified NRH equation,which could be used to estimate photosynthetic capability of herbage at different growth phases.To explore photosynthetic capability of herbage,we selected the dominant herbage species Potentilla anserina L.and Elymus nutans Griseb.in the Heihe River Basin,Northwest China as the research materials.Totally,twenty-four PLR curves and H at different growth phases were measured during the growing season in 2016.Results showed that the maximum net photosynthetic rate and the initial slope of PLR curve linearly increased with H.The modified NRH equation,which is established by introducing H and an H-based adjustment factor into the NRH equation,described better the PLR curves of P.anserina and E.nutans than the original ones.The results may provide an effective method to estimate the net primary productivity of grasslands in the study area.

青海省野生资源植物——鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserine L.)的应用研究

鹅绒委陵菜是一种具有匍匐茎的野生多年生草本资源植物,其生态适应性广泛,生长速度快,须根发达,是青海省江河源头植被恢复及草坪业的首选材料;块根藏名为蕨麻,适口性好,且富含多种营养物质及药用成分,对其进行食品产业化和中草药开发具有广阔前景。

Underlying mechanism of protection from hypoxic injury seen with n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. in hippocampal neurons

The alcohol and n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. significantly protects myocardium from acute ischemic injury. However, its effects on rat hippocampal neurons and the mechanism of protection remain unclear. In this study, primary cultured hippocampal neurons from neonatal rats were incubated in 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 4 hours. Results indicated that hypoxic injury decreased the viability of neurons, increased the expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 mRNA, as well as cytochrome c, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 protein. Pretreatment with 0.25, 0.062 5, 0.015 6 mg/mL n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. led to a significant increase in cell viability. Expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 mRNA, as well as cytochrome c, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 protein, were attenuated. The neuroprotective effect of n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. was equivalent to tanshinone IIA. Our data suggest that the n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. could protect primary hippocampal neurons from hypoxic injury by deactivating mitochondrial cell death.

蕨麻多糖通过调控miR-421表达对LPS诱导的心肌细胞炎症反应及凋亡的影响

目的:探讨蕨麻多糖(PAP)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的心肌细胞炎症反应及凋亡的影响及其可能作用机制。方法:采用LPS诱导大鼠心肌细胞H9C2建立细胞损伤模型,用浓度为0.05、0.1、0.2 mg/ml蕨麻多糖处理细胞,anti-miR-NC、antimiR-421分别转染至心肌细胞后用LPS处理细胞,miR-NC、miR-421 mimics分别转染至心肌细胞后用蕨麻多糖与LPS共同处理细胞;ELISA法检测细胞培养液中TNF-α、IL-6的水平;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;qRT-PCR法检测miR-421的表达量。结果:蕨麻多糖呈浓度依赖性降低LPS诱导的心肌细胞培养液中TNF-α、IL-6的水平(P<0.05),并可降低细胞凋亡率(P<0.05),还可降低miR-421的表达量(P<0.05);转染anti-miR-421后LPS诱导的心肌细胞培养液中TNF-α、IL-6的水平降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率降低(P<0.05);转染miR-421 mimics能够逆转蕨麻多糖对LPS诱导的心肌细胞炎症反应及凋亡的作用。结论:蕨麻多糖可通过抑制miR-421的表达抑制心肌细胞炎症反应及细胞凋亡,进而减轻LPS诱导的心肌细胞损伤。

Effects of Fruticosa potentilla L. on Expression of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Key Enzymes and Hormones in T2DM Rats

[Objectives]To study the effects of Fruticosa potentilla L.on the expression of key enzymes and hormones related to glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM rats.[Methods]The ethyl acetate fraction of 95%methanol extract of F.potentilla(MEE)was administered orally to the T2DM rats,and the level of glucose and expression of insulin,resistin,leptin,glucokinase(GK)and glucose-6-phosphatase(G-6-Pase)in the rats were measured and detected.[Results]In the T2DM rats administered with MEE,the postprandial blood glucose level decreased,the expression levels of resistin,leptin and G-6-Pase were down-regulated,and the expression levels of insulin and GK were up-regulated(P<0.05,P<0.01).[Conclusions]F.potentilla can reduce effectively postprandial blood glucose level,regulate the expression of a variety of enzymes and hormones related to glucose and lipid metabolism and recover partially the insulin level in T2DM rats to achieve resistance to T2DM.

藏药蕨麻的化学成分UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS分析

蕨麻不仅是藏区百姓的传统食品,还是藏医习用药材,本试验以西藏拉萨市蕨麻块根为原料,使用液质联用法对蕨麻进行活性成分快速定性研究。用80%甲醇进行提取,采用Waters Xevo G2-XS QTOF高分辨质谱进行分析;色谱条件为Waters BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm),以0.1%-甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相梯度洗脱(0~2 min,5%~10%B;2~10 min,10%~20%B;10~15 min,72%~100%B;15~71 min,2%~100%B;71~72 min,2%B),流速0.3 mL/min,进样量3μL;质谱条件为电喷雾离子源(ESI),检测范围m/z 50~1000,负离子模式采集。鉴定解谱得出27个化合物,其中含五对同分异构体,负模式下则鉴定黄酮类化合物21个、三萜类化合物6个。本研究为鉴别藏药蕨麻的化学成分提供一种准确快速的方法,为蕨麻在药品与食品领域的利用开发提供理论基础。

Potentilla anserina polysaccharide alleviates cadmium-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of H9c2 cells by regulating the MG53-mediated RISK pathway

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in cadmium(Cd)-induced myocardial injury.Mitsugumin 53(MG53)and its mediated reperfusion injury salvage kinase(RISK)pathway have been demonstrated to be closely related to myocardial oxidative damage.Potentilla anserina L.polysaccharide(PAP)is a polysaccharide with antioxidant capacity,which exerts protective effect on Cd-induced damage.However,it remains unknown whether PAP can prevent and treat Cd-induced cardiomyocyte damages.The present study was desgined to explore the effect of PAP on Cd-induced damage in H9c2 cells based on MG53 and the mediated RISK pathway.For in vitro evaluation,cell viability and apoptosis rate were analyzed by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Furthermore,oxidative stress was assessed by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)staining and using superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione/oxidized glutathione(GSH/GSSG)kits.The mitochondrial function was measured by JC-10 staining and ATP detection assay.Western blot was performed to detect the expression of proteins related to MG53,the RISK pathway,and apoptosis.The results indicated that Cd increased the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in H9c2 cells.Cd decreased the activities of SOD and CAT and the ratio of GSH/GSSG,resulting in decreases in cell viability and increases in apoptosis.Interestingly,PAP reversed Cd-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.Meanwhile,Cd reduced the expression of MG53 in H9c2 clls and inhibited the RISK pathway,which was mediated by decreasing the ratio of p-Akt^(Ser473)/Akt,p-GSK3β^(Ser9)/GSK3β and p ERK1/2/ERK1/2.In addition,Cd impaired mitochondrial function,which involved a reduction in ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),and an increase in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2,cytoplasmic cytochrome c/mitochondrial cytochrome c,and Cleaved-Caspase 3/Pro-Caspase 3.Importantly,PAP alleviated Cd-induced MG53 reduction,activated the RISK pathway,and reduced mitochondrial damage.Interestingly,knockdown of MG53 or inhibition of the RISK pathway attenuated the protective effect of PAP in Cd-induced H9c2 cells.In sum,PAP reduces Cd-induced damage in H9c2 cells,which is mediated by increasing MG53 expression and activating the RISK pathway.

蕨麻多糖的提取及对CCl_4急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的观察蕨麻多糖对CCl_4致急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用。方法60只昆明种小鼠按随机数字表分为6组,分别为正常对照组、CCl_4模型对照组、联苯双酯组、蕨麻多糖低、中、高剂量组(200、400、800 mg/kg)。给药7 d后用0.1%的CCl_4灌胃,建立实验性急性肝损伤模型,观察体重、脾脏系数、肝脏系数及血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性。结果蕨麻多糖能明显降低CCl_4肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT、AST的活性(P<0.05),且与剂量呈负相关。结论蕨麻多糖对小鼠CCl_4肝损伤有良好的保护作用。

青藏高原蕨麻的分子谱系地理学研究

青藏高原的隆升以及第四纪冰期气候的循环波动,对于青藏高原及其周边地区动植物的分布和遗传结构具有很大的影响。蕨麻是青藏高原极富营养、药用和生态价值的特有植物资源,蕨麻和鹅绒委陵菜的分类关系及分布在学术界存在争议,分子谱系地理学研究将为蕨麻遗传多样性形成机制及推断该物种迁移演化历史提供依据。以蕨麻为研究对象,对采集的30个居群的810个个体进行了叶绿体trnL-trnF序列和核基因ITS测序,揭示遗传变异在居群内和居群间的分布格局,结合群体遗传学和系统发生学,分析该物种的遗传结构与历史事件之间的关联,揭示物种及物种内不同种群形成现有分布格局的历史原因和演化过程。主要结论有:1)蕨麻具有较高水平的遗传多样性。cpDNA trnL-trnF片段共检测到40种单倍型,16个为共享单倍型,占比40%,24个为居群特有单倍型,占比60%,遗传多样性h=0.7078,单倍型多样性Hd=0.8217,核苷酸多样性π=0.010641,总遗传多样性HT=0.849;nrDNA ITS片段共检测到128种单倍型,共享单倍型42种,占比32.8%,居群特有单倍型86种,占比67.2%,遗传多样性h=0.7633,单倍型多样性Hd=0.8168,核苷酸多样性π=0.003584,总遗传多样性HT=0.844。2)居群内的遗传多样性大于居群间的遗传多样性。序列分析结果为居群内和居群间的遗传多样性都很高(cpDNA trnL-trnF:HT=0.849,居群内平均遗传多样性HS=0.640;nrDNA ITS序列:HT=0.844,HS=0.763,HT均大于HS)。蕨麻居群分为3个组:青海高原组、横断山脉组和藏南谷地组。蕨麻的遗传变异主要来源于居群内部。3)蕨麻种群具有明显的谱系地理结构。cpDNA trnL-trnF序列和nrDNA ITS遗传多态性分析及地理分布模式检验,cpDNA trnL-trnF序列:遗传分化系数G_(ST)=0.246,N_(ST)=0.417,nrDNA ITS序列:G_(ST)=0.096,N_(ST)=0.522,N_(ST)均显著大于G_(ST)(P<0.001),表明蕨麻所有居群单倍型存在显著的谱系地理结构,两种方法的结果高度一致。分子变异分析(AMOVA)表明,大部分遗传变异(59.69%)存在于居群内部,居群间分化水平很高(F_(ST)=0.40313)。4)共享单倍型和特有单倍型均由古老单倍型衍生而来。cpDNA trnL-trnF和nrDNA序列中央连接网状图呈以共享单倍型M4和H9位于中心,M_(1)、M_(3)和H_(2)、H_(10)、H_(11)、H_(12)位于主干位置的星状结构,其余共享单倍型和特有单倍型均由这些古老单倍型衍生而来,两者结果一致。5)蕨麻种群大小和范围发生过大规模扩张。利用cpDNA trnL-trnF和nrDNA序列进行歧点分析,前者歧点分布呈单峰曲线,表明近期群体大小和范围有大规模扩张发生;后者的歧点分布呈双峰曲线,反映基因谱系的高度复杂性,但Tajima’s D,Fu and Li’s D和Fu and Li’s F均为负值,且结果显著,且离差平方和(SSD)和扩张评估指数(H_(Rag))的统计检验不显著,表明蕨麻居群近期有扩张的可能。6)蕨麻存在3个冰期避难所,即东喜马拉雅区域、青藏高原东南边缘及横断山脉区域。

蕨麻化学成分及药理作用的研究进展

目的综述近年来蕨麻化学成分及药理作用的研究报道,为蕨麻资源的深入开发和利用提供参考。方法查阅国内外相关文献并进行分析和总结。结果蕨麻含有三萜类、黄酮类、酚类、多糖类等多种化学成分和营养物质,具有抗氧化、抗缺氧、保肝、抗病毒、调节免疫、抗肿瘤、降血糖等多种药理作用。结论蕨麻作为传统的药食两用类药材,在食品、药品、保健品方面具有广阔的应用前景,但目前开发的产品种类相对较少,还需要更深入的研究。

蕨麻多糖提取物对牦牛酸乳品质的影响

采用超声辅助酶法从植物蕨麻中提取多糖,优化所得工艺参数为:复合酶(纤维素酶、果胶酶、木瓜蛋白酶质量比2:1:0.5)添加量49U/g、超声时间100min、酶解pH 4.4,此时蕨麻多糖提取物(Potentilla anserina L.polysaccharide extract,PAPE)提取率高达(6.89±0.08)%;进一步探究PAPE对牦牛酸乳发酵的影响,结果表明,PAPE可显著提升嗜热链球菌CICC 6038、保加利亚乳杆菌CICC 20247及发酵乳杆菌HY01的活菌数及产酸能力,且呈现剂量依赖性。当PAPE添加量为2g/100 mL时,牦牛酸乳硬度达到(163.0±9.9) g,黏度为(182.9±1.6) g·s,稠度为(69.7±1.7) g·s,内聚力为(410.0±6.0) g,且具有较好的口感,感官评分为7.78;其抗氧化能力也显著上升,具体表现为对羟自由基、O_(2)^(-)·及2,2'-联氮-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)阳离子自由基的清除率较对照组均增加。本研究在改善牦牛酸乳品质的同时提升了产品的附加值,为PAPE的开发利用提供了新思路。

Intraclonal Resource Sharing and Functional Specialization of Ramets in Response to Resource Heterogeneity in Three Stoloniferous Herbs

Environments with reciprocal patchiness of resources, in which the availability of two resources such as light and soil nutrients are patchily distributed in horizontal space and negatively correlated in each patch, are common in many ecosystems. The strategies by which clonal plants adapt to this type of heterogeneous environment were examined in three stoloniferous herbs,Potentilla reptans L. var. sericophylla Franch., P. anserina L. and Halerpestes ruthenica (Jacq.) Qvcz., commonly inhabiting forest understories, grasslands and low saline meadows, respectively. As pairs of connected ramets were subjected to reciprocal patchiness of light and nutrients, stolon connection between the two ramets significantly enhanced biomass of both ramet growing in low light intensity but high soil nutrient condition (LH ramet) and ramet growing in high light intensity but low soil nutrient condition (HL ramet) as well as whole ramet pairs (consisting of LH ramets and HL ramets). Additionally, stolon connection greatly increased root/shoot ratio of LH ramet while significantly decreased that of HL ramet. The results indicate that a reciprocal transportation of resources between interconnected ramets and a functional specialization of ramets in uptake of abundant resources occurred. By resource sharing and functional specialization, clonal plants can efficiently acquire locally abundant resources and buffer the stress caused by reciprocal patchiness of resources.

响应面法优化超声辅助提取蕨麻总三萜工艺研究

目的:优化超声辅助提取蕨麻总三萜工艺条件研究。方法:在单因素试验基础上,利用响应面法评估液料比、提取时间、提取温度对总三萜提取得率的影响。结果:超声辅助提取最佳工艺参数为液料比20∶1 mL/g,提取时间63 min,提取温度60℃,蕨麻总三萜提取得率可达4.73%±0.01%。结论:响应面法优化提取工艺切实可行,操作简单,总三萜含量高,可为蕨麻进一步开发利用提供依据。

青海省蕨麻根腐病调查及病原真菌分离鉴定

蕨麻是我国青藏高原特有的植物资源,近年来根腐病对蕨麻生产构成了一定威胁。2019-2021年6~7月,分别对青海西宁市、海北藏族自治州和黄南藏族自治州等地成株期蕨麻根腐病进行调查,对具有典型症状特征的病样,采用组织分离法和单孢分离法获得病原真菌,以柯赫氏法则对其致病性进行验证;通过形态学和分子生物学等方法对蕨麻根腐病病原真菌进行鉴定。结果表明:蕨麻根腐病具有典型症状特征(黑斑、褐变、软化、腐烂、附着菌丝),病害多发生于蕨麻块根膨大期及收获期;蕨麻根腐病病情分级标准可分为0-5个等级;不同种植年限、不同地区蕨麻根腐病病情存在一定的差异,株发病率和病情指数与种植年限均呈正相关;分离鉴定发现病原真菌均为镰刀菌属(Fusarium),包含锐顶镰刀菌(F.acuminatum)、三线镰刀菌(F.tricinctum)、变红镰刀菌(F.incarnatum)、燕麦镰刀菌(F.avenaceum)、木贼镰刀菌(F.equiseti)和念珠镰刀菌(F.torulosum)。该研究为蕨麻根腐病的诊断及防控提供了基础理论依据。