Study on a Bowl-based Mechanism for Transplanting Potted Strawberry Seedlings

To improve the efficiency of fetching and transplanting seedlings for the mechanization of strawberry planting,an integrated transplanting mechanism was designed with protruding,fetching and planting performance to achieve rapid fetching and pushing bowl movements.According to the working principle of the slewing mechanism,a kinematics model and the optimization goal were established,respectively.Based on visual auxiliary analysis software,optimal parameters were obtained.A three-dimensional model was established to obtain a simulation trajectory by means of a virtual simulation design analysis.Three-dimensional printing technology was used to manufacture the test prototype,and the actual working trajectories of the test prototype were extracted using high-speed photography technology,which verified the consistency of the actual trajectory with the theoretical and simulated trajectories.A prototype transplanting experiment was performed with the success rate of seedling extraction of 91.2%and excellent planting rate of 82.8%,which met the requirements for integrated strawberry harvesting,planting and transplanting.The experimental results verified the correctness and feasibility of the design of integrated transplanting mechanism.

应用6-σ方法分析薄型覆铜板Hi-Pot试验失败原因与改进方案

应用6-σ方法、工具研究分析了薄型覆铜板Hi-Pot试验失败的原因并提出了针对性的改进方案。

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Plant Growth Regulatory Activity of 1-(3-Amino-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one

The title compound 1-（3-amino-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl）-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one（3） was synthesized by Hofmann-alkylation reaction of 1-chloro-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one（1） and ~1H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylamine（2） with equal amount of K_2CO_3 as acid acceptor. The structure of compound 3 was characterized by ~1H NMR, 13 C NMR, HRMS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 5.7227（8）, b = 27.924（4）, c = 6.2282（7） ？, β = 101.892（11）°, V = 973.9（2） ？~3, Z = 4, T = 180.00（10） K, μ（MoKα） = 0.087 mm^（-1）, Dc = 1.243 g/cm^3, 3832 reflections measured（3.648≤θ≤26.022°）, 1916 unique reflections（Rint = 0.0359, Rsigma = 0.0572） used in all calculations. The final R = 0.0557（I 〉 2σ（I）） and w R = 0.1276（all data）. Bioassay showed that 3 displayed excellent activity as plant growth regulator with inducing lateral root formation and enhancing primary root elongation at 0.27 mmol/L（50 ppm） in soybeen（He Feng-50）. Good water solubility was found with 50 mg in 1 m L of water. Therefore, application of 3 in agriculture is more environmentally friendly due to cosolvent-free condition, and results in improved abiotic-stress tolerance by affecting the root growth. And furthermore, it can be used as a precursor to investigate the function of regulating plant root growth.

Preliminary Study on Optimized Conditions for Dry-cultivated Rice Seedling Planting

The effects of soil moisture content, pot seedling buried depth, and pot seedling height on the survival rate and growth of dry planted seedlings were researched by field experiment. The results showed that the seedling survival rate and growth were enhanced with the increase of soil moisture content after pot seedling transplanting, but there was no significant difference in the survival rate and growth of seedlings with 85% and 100% of soil moisture content. Pot seedling buried depth was one of the important factors affecting the survival rate, and when the pot seedlings were buried 2 cm deep, the seedlings showed high survival rate and excellent growth. Under the same condition of soil moisture content and buried depth, seedlings with pot seedling height of 15 cm had the best survival rate and growth. Therefore, the optimized conditions for dry-cultivated rice seedling planting were soil moisture content of 85%, pot seedling buried depth of 2 cm, and pot seedling height of 15 cm.

The Effect of Photosynthetic Active Radiation and Temperature on Growth and Flowering of Ten Flowering Pot Plant Species

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Rosa sp. (miniature roses), Sinningia speciosa, Gerbera hybrida, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, Hydrangea, Begonia x hiemalis, Calceolaria, Cyclamen persicum and Pelargonium domesticum were grown at six photon flux densities (85, 130, 170, 215, 255 and 300 μmol·m-2·s-1, PFD) during lighting periods of 20 h·day-1 at three air temperatures (18°C, 21°C and 24°C) in midwinter at latitude 59° north. This corresponded to photosynthetic active radiations (PAR) ranging from 6.1 to 21.6 mol·m-2·day-1. Time until flowering decreased in all species except Cyclamen when the temperature increased from 18°C to 21°C, particularly at lower PFD levels. A further increase in temperature, from 21°C to 24°C, clearly decreased time until flowering in six of the ten tested species. Generally, this represented a reduction in the time until flowering between 20% and 40%. The dry weight of the plants at time of flowering increased up to 170 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD (12.2 mol·m-2·day-1 PAR) in Hibiscus, miniature rose, Kalanchoe and Pelargonium, while the dry weight reached a maximum at 85 to 130 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD mol·m-2·day-1 (6.1 to 9.4 mol·m-2·day-1)in the other species. Based on the present results a PAR level of 6 to 8 mol m-2·day-1 is recommended for Calceolaria and Cyclamen, of 8 to 10 mol·m-2·day-1 for Sinningia, Gerbera, Kalanchoe, Hydrangea and Begonia, of 10 to 12 mol·m-2·day-1 for Pelargonium and of 12 to 15 mol·m-2 day-1 for Hibiscus and miniature roses.

Formation of (2E)-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal and (2E)-4-Hydroxy-2-hexenal by Plant Enzymes: A Review Suggests a Role in the Physiology of Plants

It is demonstrated that (3Z)-nonenal (NON) and (3Z)-hexenal (HEX) are oxidized in a cascade by lipoxygenase (LOX) and hydroperoxide peroxygenase (HP peroxygenase) into (2E)-4-hydroxy-2- nonenal (HNE) and (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE), respectively. In turn, HNE inactivates LOX terminating the cascade. The hydroxy-alkenals produced serve to inhibit plant pathogens, which initiated the cascade. In addition to LOX, other unknown oxygenases may be involved in the cascade.

1-MCP延缓观赏植物衰老的研究与应用

1-MCP(1-甲基环丙烯)是一种新型乙烯作用抑制剂,能有效地抑制内源和外源乙烯对植物 的作用,延缓乙烯诱导的器官衰老和脱落。本文综述了1-MCP的作用机理和在观赏植物上的研究与应用现 状以及最新进展。

高浓度多环芳烃污染土壤的微生物-植物联合修复技术研究

[目的]本文旨在研究多环芳烃(PAHs)污染场地微生物-植物联合修复PAHs污染土壤的效果。[方法]利用紫花苜蓿与PAHs降解菌株Rhizobium petrolearium SL-1联合修复土壤中PAHs,设置4个处理:不种苜蓿,不接根瘤菌(CK);不种苜蓿,接根瘤菌(菌);种苜蓿,不接根瘤菌(苜蓿);种苜蓿,接根瘤菌(苜蓿+菌),每个处理设3个重复。盆栽试验土壤取自山东新泰某焦化厂PAHs实地污染土壤,分别于处理20和60 d定期取样;大田试验农田位于河北省唐山市某发电厂附近,分别于处理60和90 d定期取样。测定苜蓿的株高和干质量等生理指标,并利用GC/MS分析土样中的16种PAHs组分降解规律。[结果]盆栽试验中,"苜蓿+菌"处理20和60 d时的苜蓿株高和干质量指标均优于仅种植苜蓿处理;"苜蓿+菌"联合降解PAHs效果明显优于只种植苜蓿或只接菌处理;PAHs不同组分间的降解效果从大到小依次为3环、2环、4环、6环、5环。在大田试验中,60和90 d修复效果同样呈现"苜蓿+菌"联合降解PAHs效果大于只种植苜蓿或只接菌的处理。修复60 d后土壤中低环PAHs的降解率明显高于高环PAHs,PAHs降解效果从大到小依次为2环、3环、4环、5环、6环,但修复90 d后土壤中低环PAHs和高环PAHs的降解率无明显差异。[结论]在PAHs污染土壤或大田试验条件下接种菌株SL-1对紫花苜蓿具有明显的促生作用,并且微生物-植物联合修复比单独微生物或植物修复能更有效地降解PAHs。

固态植物精油保鲜剂特性表征及其对气调包装卤鸭脖耐贮性的影响

基于淀粉-羧甲基纤维素钠化学封装及纳米二氧化硅物理吸附原理,以机械挤压造粒法制备固态植物精油(茶树精油与肉桂精油质量比为2∶1)保鲜剂,探究这种保鲜剂结合气调包装对卤鸭脖的保鲜效果。红外分析证实复合精油被有效包封,气-质谱联用结果表明保鲜剂中精油含量为12.41%,包封率为73.87%。常温贮藏试验结果显示:对照组卤鸭脖贮藏第2天即可见白色菌落,贮藏4 d内pH值呈不断下降趋势,硫代巴比妥酸反应产物值和挥发性盐基氮含量上升,表明贮藏期间卤鸭脖中脂肪及蛋白质持续氧化降解。单独气调(70%N_(2)/30%CO_(2))组或保鲜剂组在第4天时出现白色菌落,硫代巴比妥酸反应产物值和挥发性盐基氮的上升与对照组相比更缓慢,表明单独气调或保鲜剂均能有效延缓卤鸭脖的品质劣变。精油固态保鲜剂结合气调包装抑制卤鸭脖微生物的生长,到第6天时才出现白色菌落,且能明显抑制其贮藏期间蛋白质和脂肪的氧化。说明气调结合固态植物精油保鲜剂处理能提升卤鸭脖的贮藏品质,延长其货架期。

改性尿素N在土壤-烟株系统中的分布规律研究

在盆栽烟草条件下采用15N示踪方法研究尿素改性前后N在土壤烟株中的分布规律 ,并比较尿素改性前后N的利用率大小。结果表明 ,尿素改性后比改性前烟叶增产 2 5 1 6% ,达 1 %显著水准。烟株全N量 ,改性后是改性前处理的 1 4 5 7%。从肥料中吸收的N量 ,改性后是改性前处理的 1 2 7 9%。从土壤中吸收的N量 ,改性后是改性前处理的 1 58 3 %。N肥利用率 ,改性后处理为 45 8% ,比改性前处理提高1 0 1个百分点。N的回收率 ,改性后处理达 98 3 % ,比改性前处理提高 1 2 8个百分点。改性尿素省肥增产的主要原因是刺激作物从土壤N库中吸收了较多N素 。

3株玉米根际解磷菌筛选鉴定及促生作用研究

为获得优良的植物根际促生菌,研究其对玉米植株的促生效果。利用有机磷和无机磷固体培养基,从玉米植株根际土壤中筛选得到3株解磷能力较强的解磷菌株,通过细菌形态学鉴定和16S rRNA基因序列分析,确定菌株A23为阿氏肠杆菌(Enterobacter asburiae),菌株A24为桑树肠杆菌(Enterobacter mori),菌株H10为神户肠杆菌(Enterobacter kobei)。结果表明,菌株A23、A24和H10解有机磷能力为146.19~158.52μg·mL^(-1);解无机磷能力为132.29~339.18μg·mL^(-1)。3株菌株还具有产生铁载体、合成玉米素和生长素的能力,并产生不同种类和含量有机酸。接种3株菌株的玉米植株株高、茎围、干重和鲜重等植株性状分别提高36.99%、21.32%、170.14%和102.11%。3株解磷菌株可为植物促生菌剂研制和应用提供理论基础。

以缓释肥形式回收污泥溶解液中PO_4^(3-)-P的研究

以溶胞—微型动物捕食法进行剩余污泥减量化处理后的富P污泥上清液为研究对象,考察了pH、Mg/P摩尔比(简称Mg/P)、N/P摩尔比(简称N/P)及反应时间等因素对以缓释肥(鸟粪石(MAP))形式回收PO43--P的影响;并以青菜作为供试作物,通过盆栽实验探讨在最优化条件下生成的缓释肥的肥效,并将其与普通化肥的肥效进行了对比。结果表明,对于PO43--P质量分数为50 mg/L的污泥上清液,形成MAP的最优化条件为:pH 9.5、Mg∶N∶P(摩尔比)=1.8∶4.0∶1.0、反应时间15 min,在此条件下的PO43--P回收率达到93.0%;在最优化条件下合成的MAP的主要成分即为MgNH4PO4.6H2O,合成的MAP与纯MAP的N、P、Mg含量较为接近,且实验所得MAP中重金属的含量相对较低,将其用作肥料是安全的;青菜盆栽实验表明,实验所得MAP施用于土壤能够大幅度促进青菜的生长,并且效果随着施肥量的增加而增加,且在N、P添加量相同的情况下,实验所得MAP的肥效比尿素、过磷酸钙等普通肥料的肥效更好。

牡丹微型盆栽品种筛选

为筛选适合微型盆栽的牡丹品种,进一步完善其生产技术体系,本研究选择成花率、花朵直径和花态等9个性状指标,对黄冠等33个牡丹品种进行综合评价。结果表明,共筛选出富贵满堂等11个品种在春季露天微型盆栽生产中表现良好,胜葛巾紫等12个品种表现一般;巴茨拉等18个品种在春季日光温室微型盆栽生产中表现较好,胜葛巾紫等6个品种表现一般;紫二乔等10个品种在微型盆栽春节催花生产中表现良好,太阳等11个品种表现一般。本研究通过对微型盆栽牡丹品种的筛选,为牡丹相关品种推广应用和微型盆栽的生产提供参考。

基于“炉-机匹配”的炼钢?连铸过程多工序运行仿真

为探究“炉?机匹配”模式对炼钢?连铸过程多工序运行的影响,以国内某无精炼跨中型炼钢厂为研究对象,首先,采用Plant Simulation软件构建考虑天车运行约束的炼钢?连铸过程多工序运行仿真模型,并阐述天车作业冲突的消解策略;其次,针对不同连铸机停机的“四炉对三机”生产组织模式,归纳4类“炉?机匹配”模式,并应用基于“炉?机匹配”模式(改进的和未改进的)启发式算法求解不同连铸机停机的4个实际生产计划的调度方案;最后,运用仿真模型对所得调度方案进行仿真,得到天车运行约束下的调度方案,并与实际人工调度方案进行对比。选取生产计划总作业时间、钢包总周转数量、工序间传搁时间以及浇次开浇时间最大偏离量作为调度方案的评价指标,并提出评价指标优劣的综合判定方法。研究结果表明:相比于未优化的调度方案和实际调度方案,基于“炉?机匹配”模式优化的调度方案中生产计划加权总作业时间分别减少13.6 min和4.5 min,炉次从转炉工序到LF精炼工序的加权平均传搁时间分别减少1.3 min和1.2 min,炉次从LF精炼工序到连铸工序的加权平均传搁时间分别减少1.5 min和0.4 min,所有炉次的工序间传搁时间处于合理范围内,此外,4个生产计划的开浇时间最大偏离量也处于可接受范围内,某一生产计划的钢包总周转数减少1个。

植物生长调节剂对牡丹微型盆栽春节催花的影响

为探讨植物生长调节剂复硝酚钠和14-羟基芸苔素甾醇对牡丹微型盆栽春节催花的影响,选择牡丹品种紫二乔为试材,用复硝酚钠、14-羟基芸苔素甾醇及二者混合溶液分别进行灌根和叶面喷施处理,观察和测定紫二乔的催花物候期、生长发育情况。结果表明,叶面喷施98%复硝酚钠5000倍液能够提高紫二乔春节催花过程中的开花质量,增加新枝长度和花径,提高成花率,缩短催花时间,同时延长单朵花期和整株花期。建议在牡丹品种紫二乔微型盆栽春节催花过程中使用复硝酚钠进行叶面喷施处理。

Constituents of the anti-asthma herbal formula ASHMI^(TM) synergistically inhibit IL-4 and IL-5 secretion by murine Th2 memory cells,and eotaxin by human lung fibroblasts in vitro

OBJECTIVE： Anti-asthma herbal medicine intervention （ASHMITM）, a combination of three tradi- tional Chinese medicinal herbs developed in our laboratory, has demonstrated efficacy in both mouse models of allergic asthma, and a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients with asthma. This study was designed to determine if the anti-inflammatory effects of individual herbal constituents of ASHMITM exhibited synergy. METHODS： Effects of ASHMI and its components aqueous extracts of Lingzhi （Ganoderma lucidum）, Kushen （Sophora flavescens） and Gancao （Glycyrrhiza uralensis）, on Th2 cytokine secretion by murine memory Th2 cells （D10.G4.1） and eotaxin-1 secretion by human lung fibroblast （HLF-1） cells were determined by measuring levels in culture supernatants by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. Potential synergistic effects were determined by computing interaction indices from concentration-effect curve parameters. RESULTS： Individual Lingzhi, Kushen and Gancao extracts and ASHMI （the combination of individual extracts） inhibited production of interleukin （IL）-4 and IL-5 by murine memory Th2 cells and eotaxin-1 production by HLF-1 cells. The mean 25%-inhibitory-concentration （IC2s） values （mg/mL） forASHMI, Lingzhi, Kushen and Gancao for IL-4 production were 30.9, 79.4, 123, and 64.6, respectively; for IL-5 production were 30.2, 263, 123.2 and 100, respectively; for eotaxin-1 were 13.2, 16.2, 30.2, and 25.1, respectively. The IC50values （mg/mL） for ASHMI, Lingzhi, Kushen and Gancao for IL-4 production were 158.5, 239.9, 446.7, and 281.8, respectively; for eotaxin-1 were 38.1, 33.1, 100, and 158.5, respectively. The interaction indices of ASHMI constituents at IC25 were 0.35 for IL-4, 0.21 for IL-5 and 0.59 for eotaxin-l. The interaction indices at IC^0 values were 0.50 for IL-4 and 0.62 for eotaxin-1 inhibition. Inhibition of IL-5 did not reach IC^0 values. All interaction indices were below 1 which indicated synergy. CONCLUSION： By comparing the interaction index values, we find that constituents in ASHMITM synergistically inhibited eotaxin-1 production as well as Th2 cytokine production.

煤气化渣-土壤复配下的生态风险评价及重金属在紫花苜蓿中的富集与迁移

针对气化渣处理方式单一、环境承载力日益严峻等问题,通过紫花苜蓿盆栽实验,考察了复配气化渣土壤的生态风险情况及其重金属在紫花苜蓿中的迁移、富集。结果表明:处理组土壤中部分重金属元素含量略微超过背景值,但总体符合国家农用地土壤质量标准;在加入气化渣后,腐殖酸与气化渣(HG)和气化渣(GS)处理组中Pb、Zn的含量低于风干土(CK)对照组;内梅罗综合污染指数评价结果表明,不同处理条件下土壤中重金属元素污染等级为洁净(安全)水平,潜在生态风险指数评价进一步表明,所有处理组土壤呈轻微风险水平;富集能力方面,紫花苜蓿对Cd的吸收能力较强,除Cd、Zn元素外,其他重金属元素主要集中在植株根系中;转移能力方面,Cd转移能力最强,Pb、Co最弱,苜蓿地上部位茎叶中重金属含量符合饲料卫生标准。

Low Doses of Ionized Radiation and Hypomagnetic Field Alter Redox Properties of Water and Physiological Characteristics of Seeds of the Highest Plants

The influence of a 40-fold attenuated geomagnetic field and its combined action with low doses of α- and γ-irradiation on the physiological characteristics of seeds of the highest plants and redox properties of water was investigated. It established the reduction of seed germination both under direct and indirect effects due to water action of attenuated geomagnetic field. A negative effect of hypomagnetic field on grown characteristics of seeds under indirect effect via water was decreased by the low doses of γ-irradiation, and was increased by low doses of α-irradiation, i.e. ionized radiation was the dominant factor in their combined action. It was revealed the increasing of the value of the oxidation-reduction potential of water under the influence of low-intensive α-ir-radiation (239Pu), γ-irradiation (137Cs) and also that the magnetic induction attenuated pointing to a natural decline. The increasing of the oxidation-reduction potential value testifies about “the regular decreasing of internal energy of water molecules” and the increasing of its oxidative properties, which, in our opinion, is caused the inhibition of the germination of seeds. It is supposed that namely water is the main component in the effects of studying factors on bio-objects, which acts due to the alterations of the properties and structural content of water.

蔬菜钵苗密植移栽机多行取苗机构设计与试验

为实现蔬菜钵苗密植自动移栽,提出一种能够降低因齿轮间的齿侧间隙引起的传动误差进而提高运动准确性的大重合度非圆齿轮传动机构,根据小青菜钵苗密植移栽农艺要求,设计了密植移栽取苗轨迹和一种基于该传动机构的非圆齿轮行星轮系八行同步取苗机构。开展了取苗机构的逆向设计,并对其进行了运动学分析,自主开发了密植移栽取苗机构反求设计软件。为降低传动误差,该行星轮系取苗机构一级齿轮传动采用大重合度非圆齿轮传动,二级齿轮传动采用斜齿轮传动,每级齿轮传动的重合度均接近2。基于虚拟样机技术和高速摄像技术对取苗机构进行轨迹测试试验,得到试验和仿真取苗轨迹,并对比理论计算轨迹,三者轨迹基本一致,验证了密植移栽取苗机构设计的可行性。对密植移栽取苗机构进行取苗试验,取苗机构的取苗成功率为95%左右,检验了机构样机性能。