Western China features a vast area of mountains and high plateaus where millions of people,including diverse ethnic minority groups,have inhabited for generations.Geographically located in the mountainous,remote,and i...Western China features a vast area of mountains and high plateaus where millions of people,including diverse ethnic minority groups,have inhabited for generations.Geographically located in the mountainous,remote,and isolated regions,rural communities are prone to natural hazards and thus become vulnerable to impoverishment.To reduce rural vulnerability,many people residing in mountainous villages opted to out-migrate from their original villages and hometowns while some took in-situ adaptation measures.A host of government-sponsored resettlement programs have been carried out to help rural villagers seek alternative livelihoods elsewhere over the past four decades.To achieve a sustainable future for rural communities in mountainous areas of western China,more effective policies and measures need to be developed and enforced.展开更多
Financial support is a crucial part of China's poverty alleviation effort.Thus,it is vital to understand how formal credit impacts income growth in rural households.In 2012,2015,and 2018,a survey was conducted to ...Financial support is a crucial part of China's poverty alleviation effort.Thus,it is vital to understand how formal credit impacts income growth in rural households.In 2012,2015,and 2018,a survey was conducted to obtain a panel dataset of 592 rural households from 6 poverty-stricken counties in western China,including counties in Guizhou,Yunnan,and Shaanxi provinces.We use the data to examine the effect of formal credit on rural household income and the mechanism that underlies this effect.We find that formal credit can significantly increase rural households'income in deprived areas in western China.Furthermore,formal credit promotes the reallocation of household labor from the agricultural sector to the non-agricultural sector and changes rural households'decisions about investment-consumption behavior.These are the drivers of changes in the amount and structure of household income.Further analyses show that formal credit may widen income inequality among rural households in western China's deprived areas.The individual characteristics of rural households,such as different levels of material capital,human capital,and social capital,bring about differences in the effects of formal credit on income growth.This study emphasizes that the implementation of formal credit is an essential strategy for poverty alleviation in underdeveloped areas,but policymakers should not excessively interfere with the financial market.展开更多
利用中国756个站点观测数据、Ni o 3区海温指数和74项环流指数等资料,应用EOF分析和相关分析等方法,对中国西部山区夏季(6—8月)降水的时空分布特征及其与ENSO和大尺度环流的相关关系进行分析。结果表明,中国西部山区夏季降水与冬季(上...利用中国756个站点观测数据、Ni o 3区海温指数和74项环流指数等资料,应用EOF分析和相关分析等方法,对中国西部山区夏季(6—8月)降水的时空分布特征及其与ENSO和大尺度环流的相关关系进行分析。结果表明,中国西部山区夏季降水与冬季(上年12月—2月)Ni o 3区海温具有显著的正相关关系,且两者的相关关系与月份、海拔高度关系密切,并具有年代际变化特征。西部山区降水还与春季(3—5月)西太平洋副热带高压的强度具有显著的正相关关系。将西部山区夏季平均降水作为预测量,前期冬季Ni o 3区海温和春季西太平洋副热带高压强度作为预测因子,分别对秦岭、巫山山区降水建立预测模型,并利用该预测模型对2009—2018年夏季降水进行独立样本回报检验,发现预测模型对秦岭、巫山山区的预测成功率分别为70%和80%,相对误差绝对值通常小于10%,预测效果良好。展开更多
基金This work is supported by the National Social Science Fund of China[Grant number.18BGL008]the Australian Research Council[Grant number.DP110105522].
文摘Western China features a vast area of mountains and high plateaus where millions of people,including diverse ethnic minority groups,have inhabited for generations.Geographically located in the mountainous,remote,and isolated regions,rural communities are prone to natural hazards and thus become vulnerable to impoverishment.To reduce rural vulnerability,many people residing in mountainous villages opted to out-migrate from their original villages and hometowns while some took in-situ adaptation measures.A host of government-sponsored resettlement programs have been carried out to help rural villagers seek alternative livelihoods elsewhere over the past four decades.To achieve a sustainable future for rural communities in mountainous areas of western China,more effective policies and measures need to be developed and enforced.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71661147001)the National Social Science Fund of China(16ZDA021)the Guangzhou Social Science Fund,China(2018GZYB45)。
文摘Financial support is a crucial part of China's poverty alleviation effort.Thus,it is vital to understand how formal credit impacts income growth in rural households.In 2012,2015,and 2018,a survey was conducted to obtain a panel dataset of 592 rural households from 6 poverty-stricken counties in western China,including counties in Guizhou,Yunnan,and Shaanxi provinces.We use the data to examine the effect of formal credit on rural household income and the mechanism that underlies this effect.We find that formal credit can significantly increase rural households'income in deprived areas in western China.Furthermore,formal credit promotes the reallocation of household labor from the agricultural sector to the non-agricultural sector and changes rural households'decisions about investment-consumption behavior.These are the drivers of changes in the amount and structure of household income.Further analyses show that formal credit may widen income inequality among rural households in western China's deprived areas.The individual characteristics of rural households,such as different levels of material capital,human capital,and social capital,bring about differences in the effects of formal credit on income growth.This study emphasizes that the implementation of formal credit is an essential strategy for poverty alleviation in underdeveloped areas,but policymakers should not excessively interfere with the financial market.
文摘利用中国756个站点观测数据、Ni o 3区海温指数和74项环流指数等资料,应用EOF分析和相关分析等方法,对中国西部山区夏季(6—8月)降水的时空分布特征及其与ENSO和大尺度环流的相关关系进行分析。结果表明,中国西部山区夏季降水与冬季(上年12月—2月)Ni o 3区海温具有显著的正相关关系,且两者的相关关系与月份、海拔高度关系密切,并具有年代际变化特征。西部山区降水还与春季(3—5月)西太平洋副热带高压的强度具有显著的正相关关系。将西部山区夏季平均降水作为预测量,前期冬季Ni o 3区海温和春季西太平洋副热带高压强度作为预测因子,分别对秦岭、巫山山区降水建立预测模型,并利用该预测模型对2009—2018年夏季降水进行独立样本回报检验,发现预测模型对秦岭、巫山山区的预测成功率分别为70%和80%,相对误差绝对值通常小于10%,预测效果良好。
