In recent years, membrane ultrafiltration (UF) of surface water for drinking water treatment has become a more attractive technology worldwide as a possible alternative treatment to conventional clarification. To ev...In recent years, membrane ultrafiltration (UF) of surface water for drinking water treatment has become a more attractive technology worldwide as a possible alternative treatment to conventional clarification. To evaluate the performance of ultrafiltration membranes for treatment of surface water in North China, a 48-m^2 low pressure hollow fiber membrane ultrafiltration pilot plant was constructed. Ultrafiltration was operated in cross-flow and with powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption. Turbidity was almost completely removed to less than 0.2 NTU (below Chinese standard 1 NTU). It was found that PAC addition enhanced organic matter removal. The combined process of PAC/UF allowed to 41% removal of CODMn, 46% removal of DOC and 57% decrease in UV254 absorbance. The elimination of particles, from average 12000/ml in the raw water to approximately 15/ml in the permeated, was observed. When PAC concentration was below 30 mg/L, backwashing could recovery the membrane flux with backwash interval/backwashing duration of 1/30.展开更多
以小球藻粉为原料,经热浸复水、发酵脱腥、调配、杀菌等一系列工序制成小球藻发酵饮料。得到发酵脱腥的最佳工艺参数为:糖量6 g/100 m L、发酵时间9 h、酵母接种量3 g/100 m L、温度28℃。饮料调配的最佳工艺参数为:糖量2 g/100 m L、蜂...以小球藻粉为原料,经热浸复水、发酵脱腥、调配、杀菌等一系列工序制成小球藻发酵饮料。得到发酵脱腥的最佳工艺参数为:糖量6 g/100 m L、发酵时间9 h、酵母接种量3 g/100 m L、温度28℃。饮料调配的最佳工艺参数为:糖量2 g/100 m L、蜂蜜1 g/100 m L、柠檬酸0.2 g/100 m L、发酵液80 m L/100 m L。研制出的小球藻发酵饮料为澄清的黄绿色,无藻腥味,营养丰富且具有独特的风味。展开更多
基金Project supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2002AA601140)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No. 052312008)the National Eleven Five-Year Scientific and Technical Support Plans (No. 2006BAJ08B06, 2006BAJ08B02).
文摘In recent years, membrane ultrafiltration (UF) of surface water for drinking water treatment has become a more attractive technology worldwide as a possible alternative treatment to conventional clarification. To evaluate the performance of ultrafiltration membranes for treatment of surface water in North China, a 48-m^2 low pressure hollow fiber membrane ultrafiltration pilot plant was constructed. Ultrafiltration was operated in cross-flow and with powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption. Turbidity was almost completely removed to less than 0.2 NTU (below Chinese standard 1 NTU). It was found that PAC addition enhanced organic matter removal. The combined process of PAC/UF allowed to 41% removal of CODMn, 46% removal of DOC and 57% decrease in UV254 absorbance. The elimination of particles, from average 12000/ml in the raw water to approximately 15/ml in the permeated, was observed. When PAC concentration was below 30 mg/L, backwashing could recovery the membrane flux with backwash interval/backwashing duration of 1/30.
文摘以小球藻粉为原料,经热浸复水、发酵脱腥、调配、杀菌等一系列工序制成小球藻发酵饮料。得到发酵脱腥的最佳工艺参数为:糖量6 g/100 m L、发酵时间9 h、酵母接种量3 g/100 m L、温度28℃。饮料调配的最佳工艺参数为:糖量2 g/100 m L、蜂蜜1 g/100 m L、柠檬酸0.2 g/100 m L、发酵液80 m L/100 m L。研制出的小球藻发酵饮料为澄清的黄绿色,无藻腥味,营养丰富且具有独特的风味。