Fuel Saving and Emissions Cut Through Shore-Side Power Concept for High-speed Crafts at the Red Sea in Egypt

The progress of economic globalization,the rapid growth of international trade,and the maritime transportation has played an increasingly significant role in the international supply chain.As a result,worldwide seaports have suffered from a central problem,which appears in the form of massive amounts of fuel consumed and exhaust gas fumes emitted from the ships while berthed.Many ports have taken the necessary precautions to overcome this problem,while others still suffer due to the presence of technical and financial constraints.In this paper,the barriers,interconnection standards,rules,regulations,power sources,and economic and environmental analysis related to ships,shore-side power were studied in efforts to find a solution to overcome his problem.As a case study,this paper investigates the practicability,costs and benefits of switching from onboard ship auxiliary engines to shore-side power connection for high-speed crafts called Alkahera while berthed at the port of Safaga,Egypt.The results provide the national electricity grid concept as the best economical selection with 49.03 percent of annual cost saving.Moreover,environmentally,it could achieve an annual reduction in exhaust gas emissions of CO2,CO,NOx,P.M,and SO2by 276,2.32,18.87,0.825 and 3.84 tons,respectively.

Dynamics of electromagnetic slip coupling for hydraulic power steering application and its energy-saving characteristics

To improve high-speed road feel and enhance energetic efficiency of hydraulic power steering(HPS) system in heavy-duty vehicles, an electromagnetic slip coupling(ESC) was applied to the steering system, which regulated discharge flow of steering pump to realize variable assist characteristic as well as uniquely transfer on-demand power from engine to steering pump. The model of ESC was established and the dynamic characteristics of ESC were presented by the way of simulation and experiment. Upon the layout of the assist characteristics, output torque of ESC was derived. Based on the ESC model, the output torque characteristics of ESC were simulated under steering situation and straight driving situation, respectively. The consistency of simulated ESC output torque and the one deduced from assist characteristics verifies the correctness of the ESC dynamic model. To illustrate energy saving characteristics of ESC-HPS, energy consumption comparison of ESC-HPS and conventional HPS was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively. It follows that the energy consumption of ESC-HPS decreases by 50% compared with that of HPS.

Analysis of Power Matching on Energy Savings of a Pneumatic Rotary Actuator Servo-Control System

When saving energy in a pneumatic system,the problem of energy losses is usually solved by reducing the air supply pressure.The power-matching method is applied to optimize the air-supply pressure of the pneumatic system,and the energy-saving effect is verified by experiments.First,the experimental platform of a pneumatic rotary actuator servo-control system is built,and the mechanism of the valve-controlled cylinder system is analyzed.Then,the output power characteristics and load characteristics of the system are derived,and their characteristic curves are drawn.The employed air compressor is considered as a constant-pressure source of a quantitative pump,and the power characteristic of the system is matched.The power source characteristic curve should envelope the output characteristic curve and load characteristic curve.The minimum gas supply pressure obtained by power matching represents the optimal gas supply pressure.The comparative experiments under two different gas supply pressure conditions show that the system under the optimal gas supply pressure can greatly reduce energy losses.

Factors influencing power consumption and power-saving measures in ESR process

Since the USA patent of electroslag remelting(ESR) metallurgy was held by P. K. Hopkins in 1940, the ESR technology has now entered a relatively mature stage after a 70-year history of development. At present, the annual capacity of ESR steels around the world is approximately 2 million tonnes. ESR metallurgy emerged in China in 1958. Since then, electroslag furnaces were gradually installed in Chinese special steel plants. At present, there are more than 200 electroslag remelting furnaces in the metallurgical workshops of these steel plants with an annual production capacity of about 500,000 tonnes of ingots and components made of about 200 varieties of steels, including high quality steels and superalloys. This ESR technology is used as a special remelting and refining method for producing high quality steels and superalloys. However, traditional ESR technology has the disadvantages of environmental pollution and extremely high specific power consumption. High power consumption restricts, to a certain degree, the competitiveness of ESR steels in the marketplace. The measures of power saving in ESR have been researched in recent years. In this paper, some factors influencing power consumption, such as filling ratio, slag system, slag amount, melting rate and furnace structure are reviewed, and several new ESR technologies for power saving are proposed.

Traffic-prediction-assisted dynamic power saving mechanism for IEEE 802.16e wireless MANs

How to reduce the energy consumption powered mainly by battery to prolong the standby time is one of the crucial issues for IEEE 802.16e wireless MANs.By predicting the next downlink inter-packet arrival time,three traffic-prediction-assisted power saving mechanisms based on P-PSCI,i.e.,PSCI-PFD,PSCI-ED and PSCI-LD,were proposed.In addition,the corresponding adjustment strategies for P-PSCI were also presented when there were uplink packets to be transmitted during sleep mode.Simulation results reveal that compared with the sleep mode algorithm recommended by IEEE 802.16e,the proposed mechanism P-PSCI can improve both energy efficiency and packet delay for IEEE 802.16e due to the consideration of the traffic characteristics and rate changes.Moreover,the results also demonstrate that PSCI-PFD (a=-2) significantly outperforms PSCI-ED,PSCI-LD,and the standard sleep mode in IEEE 802.16e is in terms of energy efficiency and packet delay.

Adaptive Power Saving Receiver for DVB-H Exploiting Adaptive Modulation and Coding

Broadcasting live digital TV to a small battery-powered handheld device is very challenging. One of the most promising technologies to provide such services is DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting over Handheld). Power consumption has always been one of the most crucial challenges for handheld devices. In this paper, a novel Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) framework is proposed for DVB-H systems to address the challenging problem of power consumption. The proposed power saving AMC framework operates by rearranging the transmitted frames in a pre-defined pattern. The adaptive receiver selects the appropriate modulation technique and/or code rate, one that achieves a target Bit Error Rate (BER), and then could be switched off and/or powered down resulting in significant potential for saving of reception and processing powers. Simulation of the DVB-H system under the proposed framework proved that the proposed power saving AMC framework is capable of achieving power saving up to 71.875% in COST207 Typical Urban 6-paths (TU6) channel. Furthermore, numerical analysis for the power saving potential and BER performance of the proposed framework is performed for both flat Rayleigh channel and multipath TU6 channel.

5G-Advanced扩展现实增强技术研究

随着元宇宙的兴起,扩展现实成为产业界重点关注的多媒体应用技术。为了逐步实现扩展现实,需要增强现有无线网络技术。首先介绍了扩展现实业务特点和在3GPP中的标准进展,探索了扩展现实业务对5G-Advanced网络提出的挑战,为了满足扩展现实业务的低功耗和高容量需求,研究了扩展现实业务感知技术、节能增强技术和容量增强技术,通过引入分组数据单元集参数、业务抖动等辅助信息实现业务感知,通过引入非整数周期、非连续接入播放器降低终端功耗,通过支持新缓冲状态表格、增强配置授权提升系统容量,通过仿真评估和性能分析,展示了所提增强技术可以为扩展现实业务提供更好的无线网络支持。

Research of Energy-saving Control of Oil-well Power Heater Based on RNN Neural Network

For the beam pumping unit,the power consumption of oil-well power heater accounts for a large part of the pumping unit.Decreasing the energy consumption of the power heater is an important approach to reduce that of the pumping unit.To decrease the energy consumption of oil-well power heater,the proper control method is needed.Based on summarizing the existing control method of power heater,a control method of oil-well power heater of beam pumping unit based on RNN neural network is proposed.The method is forecasting the polished rod load of the beam pumping unit through RNN neural network and using the polished rod load for real-time closed-loop control of the power heater,which adjusts average output power,so as to decrease the power consumption.The experimental data show that the control method is entirely feasible.It not only ensures the oil production,but also improves the energy-saving effect of the pumping unit.

面向物联网的NB-IoT低功耗通信协议优化研究

文章深入研究物联网中的窄带物联网(Narrow Band Internet of Things,NB-IoT)技术,重点探讨基于省电模式(Power Saving Mode,PSM)机制的优化方法,分析NB-IoT的数学原理,研究一种基于PSM机制的动态调整算法,并利用MATLAB平台上的Simulink工具进行仿真实验。实验结果显示,相比传统方法,文章方法能显著降低平均功耗,在实际应用中具有有效性和稳定性。

直流-48 V叠光供电系统在通信机楼的应用分析

2022年中国电信提出“1248”双碳行动计划,目的是减少企业碳排放量,推动“双碳”目标的实现,而在此过程中,绿电使用占比和增速提升是达到“双碳”目标的必然路径,且绿电替代化石能源也是未来主要的发展趋势。现阶段绿电主要包括风电和光伏发电,获得绿电的途径主要有绿电交易和分布式光伏发电自发自用。目前光伏发电在各类通信局站已广泛应用,结合通信局站供电系统自身特点,对一种更加灵活高效的直流叠光供电系统进行了介绍,重点阐述其系统组成、结构及特点,并结合典型应用场景对经济效益及节能减排效果进行了分析。

燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电机组节能降耗措施分析

相较于燃煤机组,以天然气为燃料的燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电机组在节能、环保方面具有诸多优势。然而,在实际运行过程中,机组的设备、运行和检修等各方面仍蕴含着较大的节能降耗潜力,亟待挖掘。因此,在国家“双碳”目标的引领下,以上海某热电有限公司现有的2套9F燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电机组为例,从设备技术改造、运行方式优化和检修管理优化三方面出发,探讨了该类发电厂节能降耗的主要措施,以期为其他同类电厂提供参考。

基于IPSO-LSTM神经网络的光伏发电系统故障检测

光伏发电系统的故障检测对光伏发电系统的安全运行至关重要。为提高光伏发电系统的故障检测效率,提出一种基于改进粒子群算法优化长短期记忆(IPSO-LSTM)神经网络的故障检测方法。首先通过构建改进的粒子群算法优化双层LSTM网络,对光伏发电系统的发电功率进行实时预测;然后,将LSTM网络预测的发电功率和系统实际的发电功率的误差作为残差值,当残差值大于设定的故障检测阈值时,可以确定系统发生故障。试验结果表明:改进粒子群算法优化的LSTM神经网络比传统的LSTM网络的故障检测性能更优越。

Self-sustained Oscillation Pulsed Air Blowing System for Energy Saving

Currently, many studies have been made for years on dimensions of pneumatic nozzle, which influence the flow characteristic of blowing system. For the purpose of outputting the same blowing force, the supply pressure could be reduced by decreasing the ratio of length to diameter of nozzle. The friction between high speed air and pipe wall would be reduced if the nozzle is designed to be converging shape comparing with straight shape. But the volume flow and pressure, discussed in these studies, do not describe energy loss of the blowing system directly. Pneumatic power is an innovative principle to estimate pneumatic system’s energy consumption directly. Based on the above principle, a pulse blowing method is put forward for saving energy. A flow experiment is carried out, in which the high speed air flows from the pulse blowing system and continuous blowing system respectively to a plate with grease on top. Supply pressure and the volume of air used for removing the grease are measured to calculate energy consumption. From the experiment result, the pulse blowing system performs to conserve energy comparing with the continuous blowing system. The frequency and duty ratio of pulse flow influence the blowing characteristic. The pulse blowing system performs to be the most efficient at the specified frequency and duty ratio. Then a pneumatic self-oscillated method based on air operated valve is put forward to generate pulse flow. A simulation is made about dynamic modeling the air operated valve and calculating the motion of the valve core and output pressure. The simulation result verifies the system to be able to generate pulse flow, and predicts the key parameters of the frequency and duty ratio measured by experiment well. Finally, on the basis of simplifying and solution of the pulse blowing system’s mathematic model, the relationship between system’s frequency duty ratio and the dimensions of components is simply described with four algebraic equations. The system could be designed with specified frequency and duty ratio according to the four equations. This study provides theoretical basis for designing energy-saving air blowing system.

Optimal energy saving in DC railway system withon-board energy storage system by using peak demand cutting strategy

A problem of peak power in DC-electrified railway systems is mainly caused by train power demand during acceleration.If this power is reduced,substation peak power will be significantly decreased.This paper presents a study on optimal energy saving in DC-electrified railway with on-board energy storage system(OBESS) by using peak demand cutting strategy under different trip time controls.The proposed strategy uses OBESS to store recovered braking energy and find an appropriated time to deliver the stored energy back to the power network in such a way that peak power of every substations is reduced.Bangkok Mass Transit System(BTS)-Silom Line in Thailand is used to test and verify the proposed strategy.The results show that substation peak power is reduced by63.49% and net energy consumption is reduced by 15.56%using coasting and deceleration trip time control.

Environmental life cycle assessment of Indian coal-fired power plants

Coal is the backbone of the Indian power sector. The coal-fired power plants remain the largest emitters of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and substantial amounts of nitrogen oxides, which are associated with climate and health impacts. Various CO2 mitigation technologies （carbon capture and storage--CCS） and SO2/NOx mitigation technologies （flue gas desulfurization and selective catalytic reduction） have been employed to reduce the environmental impacts of the coal-fired power plants. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the feasibility of various mitigation technologies employed. This paper attempts to perform environmental life cycle assessment （LCA） of Indian coal-fired power plant with and without CO2, SO2 and NOx mitigation controls. The study develops new normalization factors for India in various damage categories, using the Indian emissions and energy consumption data, coupled with the emissions and particulate emission to come up with a final environmental impact of coal-fired electricity. The results show a large degree of dependence on the perspective of assessment used. The impact of sensitivities of individual substances and the effect of plant efficiency on the final LCA results is also studied.

泵-蓄能器-增压器叠加供液的快速锻造液压机组配置及成本研究

本文对采用泵-蓄能器-增加器叠加供液的节能型快速锻造液压机组相关配置及成本进行研究,以实际生产过程中一火次开坯锻造成材为例,分析计算手动开坯、自动常锻锻造及自动快锻摔圆工序所需的压力油量,结合机组的实际装机情况,计算出机组所需的蓄能器、气罐、增压器的容积;分析两种类型快速锻造液压机组的液压系统主要部件的组成及差异,并进行设备成本估算。两种类型机组基本性能相近,投资成本差别在可接受范围内。节能型快速锻造液压机组具有实际及推广应用价值。

Multi-train modeling and simulation integrated with traction power supply solver using simplified Newton–Raphson method

Multi-train modeling and simulation plays a vital role in railway electrification during operation and planning phase. Study of peak power demand and energy consumed by each traction substation needs to be deter- mined to verify that electrical energy flowing in its railway power feeding system is appropriate or not. Gauss-Seidel, conventional Newton-Raphson, and current injection methods are well-known and widely accepted as a tool for electrical power network solver in DC railway power supply study. In this paper, a simplified Newton-Raphson method has been proposed. The proposed method employs a set of current-balance equations at each electrical node instead of the conventional power-balance equation used in the conventional Newton-Raphson method. This concept can remarkably reduce execution time and computing complexity for multi-train simulation. To evaluate its use, Sukhumvit line of Bangkok transit system （BTS） of Thai- land with 21.6-km line length and 22 passenger stopping stations is set as a test system. The multi-train simulation integrated with the proposed power network solver is developed to simulate 1-h operation service of selected 5-min headway. From the obtained results, the proposed method is more efficient with approximately 18 % faster than the conventional Newton-Raphson method and just over 6 % faster than the current injection method.

Prediction and Analysis on Short-term Load of Power System Based on LSTM

Effective short-term prediction of regional voltage load is of great significance to the implementation of energy saving and emission reduction policies in China.Accurate prediction of real-time demand voltage can reduce power waste and carbon emissions,make outstanding contributions to delaying global climate warming,and is conducive to global environmental protection and sustainable development.On the short-term load forecasting of power system,a variant model of RNN-LSTM is tested in this paper.It effectively solves the problem of gradient explosion and disappearance caused by large amount of data input in classical RNN.On the basis of this model,optimization experiments are carried out under different super parameters to achieve better prediction results.The experimental results show that the accuracy of test set reaches 99.8%,which proves that the method proposed in this paper has certain reference value.

Key Problems of Cold Power Spinning of Ti-15-3 Alloy

The key problems of cold power spinning of Ti-15-3 alloy are studied. Reasonable billet preparation methods are presented to improve crystal structure and avoid crack of billet. Influences of original wall thickness, reduction rate and feed rate on expanding in diameter are analyzed and some methods to prevent expanding in diameter are given.

Modified Packing Algorithm for Dynamic Energy-Saving in Cloud Computing Servers

Since the raising of the cloud computing, the applications of web service have been extended rapidly. However, the data centers of cloud computing also cause the problem of power consumption and the resources usually have not been used effectively. Decreasing the power consumption and enhancing resource utilization become main issues in cloud computing environment. In this paper, we propose a method, called MBFDP （modified best fit decreasing packing）, to decrease power consumption and enhance resource utilization of cloud computing servers. From the results of experiments, the proposed solution can reduce power consumption effectively and enhance the utilization of resources of servers.