Reliability Analysis of Hydraulic Transmission Oil Supply System of Power-Shift Steering Transmission with GO Methodology

GO methodology is a success-oriented method for system reliability analysis. There are components with multi-fault modes in repairable systems. It is a problem to use the existing GO method to make reliability analysis of such repairable systems. A new GO method for reliability analysis of such repairable systems with multifault modes was presented. Firstly, calculation equations of reliability parameters of operators which were used to describe components with multi-fault modes in reparable systems were derived based on Markov process theory. Then, this new GO method was applied in reliability analysis of a hydraulic transmission oil supply system( HTOSS) of a power-shift steering transmission at low and high speeds. Finally,Compared with fault tree analysis( FTA) and Monte Carlo simulation,the results show that this new GO method is correct and suitable for reliability analysis of repairable system with multi-fault modes.

Method of Electricity Supply Reliability Need Assessment for Multi-type Power Users Area

With electric power outage influence on different type users analyzed, indexes for assessing supply reliability need level is designed. Based on fuzzy evaluation method, a regional power supply reliability level assessment method which utilizes qualitative data is presented.

Multi-train modeling and simulation integrated with traction power supply solver using simplified Newton–Raphson method

Multi-train modeling and simulation plays a vital role in railway electrification during operation and planning phase. Study of peak power demand and energy consumed by each traction substation needs to be deter- mined to verify that electrical energy flowing in its railway power feeding system is appropriate or not. Gauss-Seidel, conventional Newton-Raphson, and current injection methods are well-known and widely accepted as a tool for electrical power network solver in DC railway power supply study. In this paper, a simplified Newton-Raphson method has been proposed. The proposed method employs a set of current-balance equations at each electrical node instead of the conventional power-balance equation used in the conventional Newton-Raphson method. This concept can remarkably reduce execution time and computing complexity for multi-train simulation. To evaluate its use, Sukhumvit line of Bangkok transit system （BTS） of Thai- land with 21.6-km line length and 22 passenger stopping stations is set as a test system. The multi-train simulation integrated with the proposed power network solver is developed to simulate 1-h operation service of selected 5-min headway. From the obtained results, the proposed method is more efficient with approximately 18 % faster than the conventional Newton-Raphson method and just over 6 % faster than the current injection method.

A preventive opportunistic maintenance method for railway traction power supply system based on equipment reliability

Conventional maintenance mode for the traction power supply system(TPSS)is to perform scheduled regular maintenance activities for power supply equipment,while such maintenance mode may result in undue maintenance tasks and low efficiency due to different degradation processes of different sorts of equipment.To address this problem,this paper introduces a preventive opportunistic maintenance(POM)method for TPSS based on equipment reliability.Firstly,a POM model is established by considering the equipment reliability degradation process based on Weibull distribution.Then,by considering the total power outage time in the planned operation cycle of TPSS as the optimization objective,the optimal maintenance scheme of TPSS is formulated by iterative method of maintenance strategies.The proposed method is verified by introducing practical maintenance strategies and fault record data of the traction transformer,circuit breaker and disconnector in an actual TPSS of a railway administration.Results show that the presented method can make full use of the existing fault data to develop a POM scheme for TPSS.It can improve maintenance efficiency and reduce power outage time,providing guidance to formulate scientific maintenance strategies for TPSS.

面向直流微网的光伏及固定-移动混合储能的双时间尺度容量配置策略

针对单一时间尺度下光储容量配置冗余或不足的缺点,考虑孤岛直流微网的供电可靠性指标,结合储能的动态运行特点及约束,基于典型负载曲线与光伏发电曲线,建立了双时间尺度光储容量配置模型。其中,储能系统建模提出了固定–移动储能混合储能模型,以应对短时间内光伏负载波动造成的电力缺口。仿真算例采用改进粒子群算法进行求解,结果验证了混合储能和双时间尺度的优越性,说明了容量配置模型的正确性与配置方案的可行性,可为孤岛直流系统光储容量配置提供参考。

Low Carbon Economic Dispatch of Integrated Energy System Considering Power Supply Reliability and Integrated Demand Response

Integrated energy system optimization scheduling can improve energy efficiency and low carbon economy.This paper studies an electric-gas-heat integrated energy system,including the carbon capture system,energy coupling equipment,and renewable energy.An energy scheduling strategy based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed to minimize operation cost,carbon emission and enhance the power supply reliability.Firstly,the lowcarbon mathematical model of combined thermal and power unit,carbon capture system and power to gas unit(CCP)is established.Subsequently,we establish a low carbon multi-objective optimization model considering system operation cost,carbon emissions cost,integrated demand response,wind and photovoltaic curtailment,and load shedding costs.Furthermore,considering the intermittency of wind power generation and the flexibility of load demand,the low carbon economic dispatch problem is modeled as a Markov decision process.The twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient(TD3)algorithm is used to solve the complex scheduling problem.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in the simulation case studies.Compared with TD3,SAC,A3C,DDPG and DQN algorithms,the operating cost is reduced by 8.6%,4.3%,6.1%and 8.0%.

基于熵值法-TOPSIS的配电网供电可靠性评价

提出一种基于熵值-TOPSIS算法的配电网可靠性评价方法。综合考虑配电网特点及指标适用程度,构建出适用性较强的配电网评价指标体系,采用熵值法计算指标权重,结合TOPSIS算法计算出配电网各指标发展现状及水平,找出配电网发展薄弱点,为后续配电网规划指明方向。

Comparative Study on Telecommunications Base Stations＇ Power Supply Systems on Remote Sites in the Northern Part of Cameroon

The TBS （telecommunications base stations） on remote sites in the northern part of Cameroon are mainly supplied by a system of two generating units. Only a few TBS located in the Waza and Benue National Parks are powered by a PV （photovoltaic） solar system to avoid any disturbance to wildlife. It is against this background that we decided to do a comparative study on these two systems. This study focuses on the reliability of electrical quantities, the environmental impact and the installation and operating costs of these two major systems namely the GU （generating unit） system comprising two generating units and the PV system. In conducting this study, we took a sample of TBS including those located in the Badjouma and Waza localities. After collecting data from mobile telephony operators, measurements of electrical quantities on the sites for twelve consecutive months and updating costs, their operation reveal indicators that are surprising, to say the least. Concerning the reliability index, the PV system is estimated at 99.9% as against 97.8% for the GU system. As for environmental impact, the mass of CO2 released by the GU system reached 1,707.5 tons in 25 years for a single TBS while the PV system produced no emissions. In addition to its contribution to climate change, the GU system pollutes its immediate environment through the spillage of waste and production of deafening noise. On the other hand, economic analysis shows mixed results. The GU system has a lower installation cost of $6,640 as against $174,550 for the PV system, whose investment cost is its main handicap. Regarding operating costs, the GU system peaks at $923,940 in 25 years while the PV system requires only $487,550 for the same duration.

基于GRA-K-means++算法的配电网供电可靠性水平评价

为有效衡量地区电网建设管理水平,差异化地对地区可靠性水平进行量化评价,提出了一种基于GRA-Kmeans++算法的配电网供电可靠性水平评价方法。首先,综合考虑外部因素与电网因素,构建地区配电网可靠性影响因素集。结合地区供电范围,基于灰色关联算法(grey relation analysis,GRA)分析可靠性影响因素与供电可靠性的关联度。然后,提出基于外部因素的地区加权聚类模型,选取外部因素的信息熵和关联度作为指标综合权重,结合带权重的K-means++算法对同等外部条件地区进行聚类,提出可靠性偏移度作为地区可靠性水平评价指标。随后结合电网因素的关联度评价指标,辨识影响地区可靠性偏低的关键因素,确定提升电网可靠性的建设管理方向。采用实际配电网数据进行算法验证,结果表明所提方法能够有效实现配电网可靠性水平评价,并为决策可靠性提升手段提供一定的理论依据。

Design and Application of Power Supply and Distribution System of Chang'e 4 Relay Satellite

A 28 V-half-regulated power bus topology and an integrated PCDU (Power Conditioning and Distribution Unit) were adopted to meet the energy demand for the Chang'e 4 relay satellite.This paper first introduces the mission features and composition of the PSDS (Power Supply and Distribution System) for the Chang'e 4 relay satellite.Due to this satellite's unusual orbit,operational mode and project restrictions,special analysis and design was conducted on the PSDS from the perspective of weight-reduction,power management,and reliability and so on.Extreme low temperature storage of SA (Solar Array) was considered and how the antenna affects the SA was analyzed.A new kind of high-specific-energy 45 Ah (Ampere-hour) battery cell was used for the first time.To make sure that the satellite would successfully pass the long shadow zones,a 100% DOD (Depth of Discharge) experiment was carried out on the battery.Since the sunlight is almost always available and there are very few times for the battery to charge or discharge,battery care to extend its lifetime is also discussed.PCDU is a device that integrates power conditioning and power distribution in one unit.The PCDU on Chang'e 4 relay satellite can output more power with less weight because of the adoption of a 28 V-half-regulated power bus topology which was also used for the first time and used lighter material for its mechanical framework.Experiment under low temperature on PCDU was conducted as well and a hot backup equalizing charge technique which is beneficial to keep performance of the battery is illustrated.The power distribution module,which is a module of PCDU,enhances the power utilization security by utilizing a static impedance measurement and build-in-test to avoid possible short circuits.As for EED (Electrical Explosive Device) module,a protection plug was specially designed and three switches with different functions were connected in series to prevent the EED from exploding by error.In addition,the allowable minimum EED bus voltage for each EED was evaluated in case of low battery voltage caused by the possible postponement of the launching time.Complete verification experiments on the ground were conducted to confirm the correctness of the design and on-orbit test data conformed to the expected results and theoretical calculation.The power supply and distribution system has been working normally since the day the Chang'e 4 relay satellite was launched into space.

IEC 62368-1标准关于集成电路(IC)限流器的要求及应用

本文介绍了IC限流器用在PS3与PS2/PS1功率源隔离中起限制电流的要求及其应用。首先,比较不同IEC 62368-1版本对IC限流器可靠性试验的差异,总结IC限流器在最新标准中的应用。阐述满足标准所要求可靠性试验程序的IC限流器可以豁免单一故障测试,默认为受限制电源并划分到PS2功率源,降低防火防护要求,为测试领域提供技术参考。

集中式馈线自动化配电网供电可靠性评估

计及集中式馈线自动化的配电网可靠性评估尚存在较多研究空白,且多数研究仅计及故障停电的影响,在考虑预安排检修容量约束的情况下,计及负荷转供影响,结合馈线自动化的类型及运行逻辑,依据馈线自动化相关技术指标,对恢复供电过程中出现的负荷点进行详细分类,推导出不同类型负荷期望恢复供电时间和配电网供电可靠性指标计算公式。结合算例进行分析可知,不同终端配置下馈线系统平均停电持续时间SAIDI可减少0.95~1.08 h/(用户·a),说明了优化终端配置可有效提高配电网供电可靠性,证明了所提评估方法的准确性和实用性,并比较了不同终端配置对可靠性的影响。

基于二部图理论的区域综合能源系统站-网规划

针对现有区域综合能源系统站-网规划研究中未充分考虑规划方案的合理性和供电可靠性的问题,提出了一种基于二部图理论的区域综合能源系统站-网规划方法。首先,根据二部图理论建立了能源站选址定容-管网布局联合规划模型,在满足能源站容量上下限约束以及重要电负荷供电可靠性的基础上,实现能源站和管网布局总投资最小;其次,考虑能源站内设备间多能互补特性,建立了设备容量配置规划模型;最后,通过CPLEX求解器与粒子群算法相结合的方式对规划模型进行求解,并以典型电-热-气区域综合能源系统为例,验证了所提模型的合理性。

故障关联矩阵下弹性配电网可靠性评估

配电网弹性是指系统受到干扰后恢复原有状态的能力,而自然灾害的频发要求配电网不仅在正常条件下能够可靠运行,而且还能够在极端灾害出现时保持必要能力。据此,提出一种基于故障关联矩阵(fault incidence matrix,FIM)的弹性配电网可靠性评价方法。通过建立FIM,使用简化的矩阵代数、布尔运算即可实现配电系统可靠性、弹性和供电能力的显式解析计算,避免了评估过程中故障枚举的重复性搜索工作,节省了计算时间,并且可适用于结构复杂的配电网,易于扩展。最后结果表明:采用文中方法的计算时间仅为约0.055 s,相较于故障扩散算法和分块算法分别减少87%和75%的时间。

航天地面电源加速寿命试验研究

以某航天地面电源为研究对象,开展加速寿命试验研究。首先,介绍了加速寿命试验的特点、目的和优点;然后,阐述了加速试验的方法和流程;最后,对加速寿命试验的结果进行了分析。结果表明,与传统的可靠性试验相比,加速寿命试验可有效降低试验成本、提升试验效率,具有绝对优势。

国家区域医疗中心武汉协和重庆医院电气设计要点

以国家区域医疗中心华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院重庆医院(一期工程)为例,对医疗建筑电气设计的以下问题进行分析与探讨:供配电系统设计的变压器安装容量合理性分析、供配电系统可靠性分析、变压器能效等级选择及机房选址等;针对医疗建筑的电能质量问题提出解决方案;调研同类医疗项目存在的照明光环境问题,设计本项目的物联网智能照明光环境系统;总结本项目光储直柔微网系统设计要点。

LCC-HVDC背靠背系统降低电网短路电流应用研究

随着电网规模扩大,短路电流超过开关遮断能力问题日益突出,目前常用的措施包括电网解环及分区运行、母线分裂运行、选用高阻抗设备等。但电网解环、分区、母线分裂运行削弱了电网供电可靠性,使输变电设备容量不能充分利用且可应用空间越来越小;高阻抗设备无法彻底解决短路电流问题还会降低系统稳定水平,增加网损。文中提出在短路电流超过开关遮断能力且无法通过更换开关或改变运行方式满足短路电流要求的变电站采用LCC-HVDC背靠背系统替代部分或全部交流变压器,既保证供电可靠性和供电能力又能有效抑制短路电流过大,以辽宁营口电网为例对该方案进行可行性研究和经济性分析,指出该方案在未来将有较大的应用潜力。

基于碳化硅电源的双芯智能电能表的可靠性测试研究

基于碳化硅电源的双芯智能电能表是新技术在工程领域特别是电力行业的重要尝试。针对其缺少可靠性检测标准的问题,文中根据现有智能电能表运行环境,同时结合碳化硅开关电源和双芯智能电能表特点,通过对电能表各项应力分析,提出了其可靠性检测方案及相应具体方法。提出的检测方案对于确定基于碳化硅开关电源的双芯智能电能表整机的可靠性指标具有十分重要的指导意义,从而实现提升智能电网技术水平,保障电网安全稳定运行的目的。

面向高可靠性的钻石型配电网及其派生结构分析

“双碳”背景下,新型配电系统将向着适应高比例可再生能源接入的方向发展。为满足新型配电系统高可靠性、高供电能力的要求,上海市根据自身配电网建设提出了钻石型配电网,然而当前针对该网架的研究较少。本文首先介绍了钻石型配电网的结构,并在此基础上提出了双工—钻石型配电网,之后根据钻石型配电网特殊结构生成故障隔离、恢复策略,建立了考虑高比例可再生能源接入的可靠性评估算法,建立了含分布式电源的配电系统分时段最大供电能力模型。最后通过具体算例,分析了大规模可再生能源接入的影响,比较了开关站单环网、钻石型配电网、双工型配电网在可靠性、供电能力上的差异,验证了钻石型配电网及本文提出的双工型配电网的优越性。

智算时代一体化电源应用分析

AI算力需求的爆发给智算数据中心系统建设带来高功率、散热难、转型困难等挑战。探讨了一体化电源系统的技术革新及其在提升智算中心使用效率、建设效率、运行可靠性与安全性方面发挥的作用。提出了一体化电源解决方案,并结合实际案例分析,证明该方案在系统集成性、稳定性、可靠保护机制以及对数据中心整体安全策略方面具有显著的优势,其智能化管理平台支持实时监测、数据分析与决策,对于预防潜在风险、提高应急响应速度具有重要意义。