Design and high-power testing of offline conditioning cavity for CiADS RFQ high-power coupler

To validate the design rationality of the power coupler for the RFQ cavity and minimize cavity contamination,we designed a low-loss offline conditioning cavity and conducted high-power testing.This offline cavity features two coupling ports and two tuners,operating at a frequency of 162.5 MHz with a tuning range of 3.2 MHz.Adjusting the installation angle of the coupling ring and the insertion depth of the tuner helps minimize cavity losses.We performed electromagnetic structural and multiphysics simulations,revealing a minimal theoretical power loss of 4.3%.However,when the cavity frequency varied by110 kHz,theoretical power losses increased to10%,necessitating constant tuner adjustments during conditioning.Multiphysics simulations indicated that increased cavity temperature did not affect frequency variation.Upon completion of the offline high-power conditioning platform,we measured the transmission performance,revealing a power loss of 6.3%,exceeding the theoretical calculation.Conditioning utilized efficient automatic range scanning and standing wave resonant methods.To fully condition the power coupler,a 15°phase difference between two standing wave points in the condition-ing system was necessary.Notably,the maximum continuous wave power surpassed 20 kW,exceeding the expected target.

Probabilistic Global Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Continuously Varying Partial Shading Conditions on Autonomous PV Systems

A photovoltaic (PV) string with multiple modules with bypass diodes frequently deployed on a variety of autonomous PV systems may present multiple power peaks under uneven shading. For optimal solar harvesting, there is a need for a control schema to force the PV string to operate at global maximum power point (GMPP). While a lot of tracking methods have been proposed in the literature, they are usually complex and do not fully take advantage of the available characteristics of the PV array. This work highlights how the voltage at operating point and the forward voltage of the bypass diode are considered to design a global maximum power point tracking (GMPPT) algorithm with a very limited global search phase called Fast GMPPT. This algorithm successfully tracks GMPP between 94% and 98% of the time under a theoretical evaluation. It is then compared against Perturb and Observe, Deterministic Particle Swarm Optimization, and Grey Wolf Optimization under a sequence of irradiance steps as well as a power-over-voltage characteristics profile that mimics the electrical characteristics of a PV string under varying partial shading conditions. Overall, the simulation with the sequence of irradiance steps shows that while Fast GMPPT does not have the best convergence time, it has an excellent convergence rate as well as causes the least amount of power loss during the global search phase. Experimental test under varying partial shading conditions shows that while the GMPPT proposal is simple and lightweight, it is very performant under a wide range of dynamically varying partial shading conditions and boasts the best energy efficiency (94.74%) out of the 4 tested algorithms.

“风光发电+PCS系统”井口绿色在线计量探索

由于油田井场风光发电应用率较低,造成气井、注水井、长停井(温度、压力计量)无低价电源提供电能,无法井口在线计量,只能靠人工现场巡井采集数据;螺杆泵井、电泵井也没有实现,只能采用计量间分离器、储罐量空高和标罐的量油老旧方式计量产量,误差大,费时费力,安全性差。针对上述问题,研制“风光发电+PCS系统”井口绿色在线计量装置,借助胜利油田完善四化建设和风光大力投资东风,建设井场风光互补发电装置为其提供电源。井口流程具备油嘴套、放空设施,为在线测量装置安装和数据传输提供先提条件。与四化建设接轨,利用鲁胜公司安全生产综合管理平台和油气生产运行指挥系统(PCS系统),实现井口绿色在线实时计量采集数据,通过zigbee模块将数据上传至RTU→SCADA服务器→上传至PCS系统,直观显示到屏幕上,进行预警、统计分析,方案优化,形成“风光发电+PCS系统”井口绿色在线计量模式,实现井口绿色在线计量,结合区域生产现状,就近串并联,合理优化管网布设压减管线长度,取消计量站就近汇聚,减少用工和工作量,降低成本,改善工作环境。

Two-Dimensional Images of Current and Active Power Signals for Elevator Condition Recognition

In this paper, an improved two-dimensional convolution neural network(2DCNN) is proposed to monitor and analyze elevator health, based on the distribution characteristics of elevator time series data in two-dimensional images. The current and effective power signals from an elevator traction machine are collected to generate gray-scale binary images. The improved two-dimensional convolution neural network is used to extract deep features from the images for classification, so as to recognize the elevator working conditions. Furthermore, the oscillation criterion is proposed to describe and analyze the active power oscillations. The current and active power are used to synchronously describe the working condition of the elevator, which can explain the co-occurrence state and potential relationship of elevator data. Based on the improved integration of local features of the time series, the recognition accuracy of the proposed 2DCNN is 97.78%, which is better than that of a one-dimensional convolution neural network. This research can improve the real-time monitoring and visual analysis performance of the elevator maintenance personnel, as well as improve their work efficiency.

Consideration of the influence of supports in modeling the electromagnetic fields of 25 kV traction networks under emergency conditions

Single-phase 25 kV traction networks of electrified alternating current(AC)railways create electromagnetic fields(EMFs)with significant levels of intensity.The most intense magnetic fields occur when short circuits exist between the contact wire and rails or ground.Despite the short duration of exposure,they can adversely affect electronic devices and induce significant voltages in adjacent power lines,which is dangerous for operating personnel.Although numerous investigations have focused on modeling the EMF of traction networks and power lines,the challenge of determining the three-dimensional electromagnetic fields near metal supports during the flow of a short-circuit current through them is yet to be resolved.In this case,the field has a complex spatial structure that significantly complicates the calculations of intensities.This study proposes a methodology,algorithms,software,and digital models for determining the EMF in the described emergency scenarios.During the modeling process,the objects being studied were represented by segments of thin wires to analyze the distribution of the electric charge and calculate the intensities of the electric and magnetic fields.This approach was implemented in the Fazonord software,and the modeling results show a substantial increase in EMF levels close to the support,with a noticeable decrease in the levels as the distance from it increases.The procedure implemented in the commercial software Fazonord is universal and can be used to determine electromagnetic fields at any electrical power facility that includes live parts of limited length.Based on the proposed procedure,the EMF near the supports of overhead power lines and traction networks of various designs could be determined,the EMF levels at substations can be calculated,and the influence of metal structures located near traction networks,such as pedestrian crossings at railway stations,can be considered.

Generation of input spectrum for electrolysis stack degradation test applied to wind power PEM hydrogen production

Hydrogen production by proton exchange membrane electrolysis has good fluctuation adaptability,making it suitable for hydrogen production by electrolysis in fluctuating power sources such as wind power.However,current research on the durability of proton exchange membrane electrolyzers is insufficient.Studying the typical operating conditions of wind power electrolysis for hydrogen production can provide boundary conditions for performance and degradation tests of electrolysis stacks.In this study,the operating condition spectrum of an electrolysis stack degradation test cycle was proposed.Based on the rate of change of the wind farm output power and the time-averaged peak-valley difference,a fluctuation output power sample set was formed.The characteristic quantities that played an important role in the degradation of the electrolysis stack were selected.Dimensionality reduction of the operating data was performed using principal component analysis.Clustering analysis of the data segments was completed using an improved Gaussian mixture clustering algorithm.Taking the annual output power data of wind farms in Northwest China with a sampling rate of 1 min as an example,the cyclic operating condition spectrum of the proton-exchange membrane electrolysis stack degradation test was constructed.After preliminary simulation analysis,the typical operating condition proposed in this paper effectively reflects the impact of the original curve on the performance degradation of the electrolysis stack.This study provides a method for evaluating the degradation characteristics and system efficiency of an electrolysis stack due to fluctuations in renewable energy.

双级PCS中光伏侧控制仿真

在可再生能源发电系统中,储能功率调节系统(Power Conditioning System,PCS)将光伏发电系统产生的电能进行调节、转换和储存,以满足用户用电需求。储能PCS的光伏侧直接关系到母线电压,其控制效果直接影响光伏系统的性能和稳定性。故合理的光伏侧控制策略设计对于维护平稳母线电压有重要的意义。为了优化储能PCS的光伏侧控制策略,本文提出了一种恒功率的最大功率点跟踪方法。该方法利用恒功率控制和电导增量法等技术,对光伏系统进行建模和优化。通过对实际光伏系统的数据进行分析和仿真,证明了该方法在提高光伏系统效率和稳定性方面的有效性。

Load Management Scheme Using Air Conditioning Electric Power Consumption and Photovoltaic Power System Generation

In the last few decades, in the world and also in the European Union, considerable resources had been invested in the rapid development of renewable energy sources and distributed generation in general. At the same time, power consumption is continuously increasing, and consumers are becoming more complex, which ultimately requires new investments in the distribution network. Concept of smart grids is generally accepted as a possible solution. Smart grid is a concept with many elements, where monitoring and control of every element in the chain of production, transmission, distribution and final consumption enable much more efficient delivery and use of electricity. One of the elements of smart grid efficiency is the ability of real-time demand-supply balancing. This balancing is carried out by monitoring of consumption and redistribution of electricity among individual end users, according to their needs. The aim of this paper is creating algorithm for real-time load management using power measurements. Algorithm for real-time load management at the ETFOS （Faculty of Electrical Engineering in Osijek）, Croatia is created based on measurements of photovoltaic power plant production, the power consumption of air conditioning system and the faculty building total electricity consumption. Expected result of real-time re-dispatching of air conditioners consumption, depending on the level of electricity production in photovoltaic power plant is decreasing peak demand of the faculty.

Application of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation to Air-conditioning Competitive Power Analysis

As the conceptual design of air-conditioning is done using the theory of Quality Function Deployment (QFD),cus- tomer requirements should be understood and the product competitive power be analyzed as exactly as possible for new product de- signing.Lots of information in the process of this research is fuzzy and uncertain,but traditional QFD can not deal with it well. Fuzzy theory can solve the problem.So a fuzzy model for analyzing product competitive power is formulated in this paper to im- prove traditional QFD,after that it is applied to analyze air-conditioning competitive power.When air-conditioning competitive power is analyzed using this model,firstly the importance weight of the customer requirements o fair-conditioning is determined us- ing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) weighting process,then air-conditloning competitive power is evaluated using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.It is proved that the model is feasible and has good applicability.

嵌入式Power PC Linux环境下基于Net-SNMP的代理开发

在L inux for Power PC环境下,使用Net-SNMP软件开发工具开发了一个基于SNMP协议的代理,在该代理中将原有的标准M IB进行了私有M IB的扩展。详细给出了运用Net-SNMP开发工具在嵌入式PowerPC平台上开发代理进行私有M IB扩展的实现方法。

西门子PCS 7 的SOE功能的实现及应用

针对SIMATICPCS7集散型控制系统,详细介绍了其SOE系统的体系结构,实现SOE功能的硬件设置和软件组态要点。应用在某电站工程DCS系统中,成功实现了时间分辨率不大于1ms的时间顺序记录功能。

基于PCS功率越限判据的独立型微电网紧急控制策略

紧急控制作为微电网系统的最后一道防线,在系统受到大扰动以后,能够维持频率稳定,对微电网的稳定运行具有重要意义。文中分析了频率紧急控制策略以及轮次减载策略在微电网中存在的定值整定难、无法精准减载的问题,提出了一种基于储能变流器(PCS)输出功率越限判据的独立型微电网紧急控制策略:在外部扰动导致PCS输出功率越限时,通过计及电池荷电状态(SOC)的均衡控制策略计算PCS的越限功率,采用负荷精准减载方案精确切除负荷,并针对工程实施采用面向通用对象的变电站事件(GOOSE)通信技术、提出小步长趋势变化采样算法和防一点大数算法,提高了控制系统的响应速度,提升了大容量独立微电网运行的稳定性。通过新疆某独立型微电网项目工程案例验证了本方案的可行性和有效性。

基于PowerPC的主动雷达信号处理软件的设计与实现

介绍了Power PC处理器的主要特点,设计并实现了基于Power PC平台的主动雷达信号处理算法软件。通过引入局部性原理对Power PC的存储器山分析,改善了软件的时间和空间局部性,优化了软件的性能,提高了软件运行的实时性。

基于PowerPC的远程数据实时采集系统设计

结合数据采集在雷达技术中的应用,介绍了一种基于Power PC的远程数据实时采集、运行状态及故障监视系统的设计方法。介绍了系统整体架构,给出了硬件原理框图和软件设计概要。经测试表明,该设计能实时准确的采集远程数据,运行稳定可靠,满足了设计的技术指标,效果良好。

基于POWER PC通用处理器的CPU模块设计

POWER PC通用处理器是一种低功耗超标量的RISC处理器。本文描述了基于POWER PC通用处理器的CPU模块的基本体系结构,并以Motorola通用处理器POWER PC603e为例,阐述了CPU模块的实现方法。

现代高性能处理器PowerPC620与Alpha21164的核心技术分析

ＰｏｗｅｒＰＣ６２０和Ａｌｐｈａ２１１６４是当今世界上两种高性能的处理器，它们的实现体现了两种截然不同的高性能处理器设计思想，故从体系结构、指令流水线、指令调度规则、转移处理、存储系统等角度对他们作一详细分析。

Distributed power conditioning unit of large-scale space solar power station

In this paper,a multi-bus distributed Power Conditioning Unit(PCU)is proposed for the Space Solar Power Station with large scale photovoltaic(PV)array and power levels reaching MW level.In this unit,there are multiple independent PV arrays.In each PV array,there are multiple independent PV subarrays.In this paper,a V-P droop control method with adaptive droop coefficient is proposed,which modifies the droop intercept based on the bus voltage deviation and the power per unit value of the PV array.This method ensures the accuracy of bus voltage and achieves proportional distribution of power between PV arrays based on the proposed topology structure in this paper.When the load changes or the output power of the PV array fluctuates,this method can ensure that power is distributed proportionally.The principle and control method of the proposed droop control method is analyzed in this paper.The effectiveness of the method is verified through MATLAB/Simulink simulation and experiment.Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve power distributed proportionally when load changes and PV output power fluctuates,reduce bus voltage error caused by line impedance and differences in rated power of different PV arrays,and improve the performance of PV power generation system applied to space.

基于PowerPC+FPGA实现导航雷达信号网络传输

文章采用MPC8377E与Altera公司Stratix系列的FPGA设计一种导航雷达信号网络传输设备,将导航雷达信号无损实时转换为网络数据,通过千兆网络进行传输,有利于远程终端多节点显示和跟踪处理。

基于Power PC的小型无人机飞行控制系统设计

为了满足小型无人机飞行控制系统可靠性和实时性的需要,本文以PowerPC系列微控制器MPC565为核心,结合相关外围器件共同构成了高性能小型无人机飞行控制系统。并且详细阐述了该系统的设计思想及其基本构成,着重说明了各个模块的功能及采用的关键技术。经测试验证,该系统实时性好、可靠性高,满足实际需求。

基于混合调制技术H桥级联PCS的研究

针对应用于中压储能系统的H桥级联功率调节系统(PCS)提出了一种混合脉宽调制(PWM)方法。该调制方法综合高频PWM技术和最近电平逼近(NLM)技术的优点,在保证较高质量多电平输出波形的同时可降低功率器件开关频率,有利于降低开关损耗。此外,根据电压排序进行各功率单元工作模式的选择,可以调整各功率单元储能电池的充放电状态,控制简单,容易实现。在此详细分析了混合PWM技术的工作原理及实现方法,搭建了5级H桥级联PCS储能系统实验平台,实验结果表明所提调制方法及均衡控制能实现良好的交流多电平输出波形和储能电池的均衡控制,具有一定的工程应用价值。