According to statistics, the average dust collection efficiency of flue gas emission in the large and medium- sized power plants in Zhejiang Province at present has attained higher than 97% which surpasses the 95% sta...According to statistics, the average dust collection efficiency of flue gas emission in the large and medium- sized power plants in Zhejiang Province at present has attained higher than 97% which surpasses the 95% standard as stipulated by the Ministry of Electric Power. The dust collection efficiency of the Beilungang Power Plant has already attained 99.92%. In recent years, Zhejiang Electric Power Corporation has stipulated that all the newly constructed generating units shall be equipped with high efficiency electrostatic precipitator (ESP) while the existing power plants shall speed up their renovation work for their dust collectors. In combination with the fourth stage project of the Taizhou Power Plant, the improvement work of the dust展开更多
Solar photovoltaic(PV)power represents one of the most promising future sources of energy in the world.Considered the cleanest form of energy,extensive research is being undertaken to widen its use.Notably,mega projec...Solar photovoltaic(PV)power represents one of the most promising future sources of energy in the world.Considered the cleanest form of energy,extensive research is being undertaken to widen its use.Notably,mega projects are being considered for installation in the Middle East and North Africa(MENA)region because of its high solar potential,with hopes of eventually feeding Europe from the PV electricity generated in this region and transported through high voltage direct current(DC)lines.However,current implementation of PV systems has shown that their reliability and efficiency depend upon surrounding environmental factors,such as the ambient temperature,wind,and rainfall,as well as soiling,pollution,and aging.The aim of this study was to investigate,through experimental tests,the effects of such factors on the power output of a grid connected PV station.The results showed that the output power and efficiency are deeply affected by various environmental factors,which are weather dependent.These findings may help us develop appropriate solutions to overcome these drawbacks.展开更多
<strong>Context and Background:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The product of the electr...<strong>Context and Background:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The product of the electromagnetic (EM) wave’s power </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> times its period </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">τ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, is the amount of energy conserved in EM wave’s absorption in matter. Whether </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is the amount of energy conserved in the emission of EM waves from matter is not assessed. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Motivation:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In this </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">research, we perform a computational study to explore the ability of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ</span></i> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to repr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">esent the amount of energy conserved in EM wave’s emission from</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> matter. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Hypothesis:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Since the magnitude of the power </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of emitted EM waves computed through Larmor’s formula for a rotating dipole is excessively small, we alternatively hypothesize that </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the law of conservation of energy can lead to a realistic estimation of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We estimate the power </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the anomalous microwave emission (AME), a well-characterized radiation generated in the interstellar medium (ISM) by spinning dust grains, and one </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">possible source of contamination of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">For our estimation of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, we assume the AME to be generated in a molecular cloud mostly populated by spinning silicate nanoparticles (SSNs) or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) spinning dust grains. Indeed, SSNs and PAHs are listed among the most probable sources of AME, and their characteristics are well-known. We discriminate between realistic and non-realistic values of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> based upon the magnitude of two parameters that depend on </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: the significant distance </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">z</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and the time of photon production </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The parameter z is the space interval from the spinning dust grain within which the spinning dust grain’s electric field is effective. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Using the information available for AME, SSNs and PAHs, we estimate the power </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> using both Larmor’s formula and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. We compare and comment the results obtained for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">z</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Our study highlights the effectiveness of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">over Larmor’s formula in providing a realistic value of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. This finding might have consequences in quantum technology of single photon detection and production.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
Sand/dust storms,a globally prevalent catastrophic weather phenomenon,can cause significant erosion to the climate and ecological environment.The high concentration of sand particles they carry not only impacts atmosp...Sand/dust storms,a globally prevalent catastrophic weather phenomenon,can cause significant erosion to the climate and ecological environment.The high concentration of sand particles they carry not only impacts atmospheric quality and poses a threat to human health,but also leads to soil sanding and environmental destruction.展开更多
文摘According to statistics, the average dust collection efficiency of flue gas emission in the large and medium- sized power plants in Zhejiang Province at present has attained higher than 97% which surpasses the 95% standard as stipulated by the Ministry of Electric Power. The dust collection efficiency of the Beilungang Power Plant has already attained 99.92%. In recent years, Zhejiang Electric Power Corporation has stipulated that all the newly constructed generating units shall be equipped with high efficiency electrostatic precipitator (ESP) while the existing power plants shall speed up their renovation work for their dust collectors. In combination with the fourth stage project of the Taizhou Power Plant, the improvement work of the dust
文摘Solar photovoltaic(PV)power represents one of the most promising future sources of energy in the world.Considered the cleanest form of energy,extensive research is being undertaken to widen its use.Notably,mega projects are being considered for installation in the Middle East and North Africa(MENA)region because of its high solar potential,with hopes of eventually feeding Europe from the PV electricity generated in this region and transported through high voltage direct current(DC)lines.However,current implementation of PV systems has shown that their reliability and efficiency depend upon surrounding environmental factors,such as the ambient temperature,wind,and rainfall,as well as soiling,pollution,and aging.The aim of this study was to investigate,through experimental tests,the effects of such factors on the power output of a grid connected PV station.The results showed that the output power and efficiency are deeply affected by various environmental factors,which are weather dependent.These findings may help us develop appropriate solutions to overcome these drawbacks.
文摘<strong>Context and Background:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The product of the electromagnetic (EM) wave’s power </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> times its period </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">τ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, is the amount of energy conserved in EM wave’s absorption in matter. Whether </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is the amount of energy conserved in the emission of EM waves from matter is not assessed. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Motivation:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In this </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">research, we perform a computational study to explore the ability of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ</span></i> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to repr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">esent the amount of energy conserved in EM wave’s emission from</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> matter. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Hypothesis:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Since the magnitude of the power </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of emitted EM waves computed through Larmor’s formula for a rotating dipole is excessively small, we alternatively hypothesize that </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the law of conservation of energy can lead to a realistic estimation of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We estimate the power </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the anomalous microwave emission (AME), a well-characterized radiation generated in the interstellar medium (ISM) by spinning dust grains, and one </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">possible source of contamination of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">For our estimation of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, we assume the AME to be generated in a molecular cloud mostly populated by spinning silicate nanoparticles (SSNs) or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) spinning dust grains. Indeed, SSNs and PAHs are listed among the most probable sources of AME, and their characteristics are well-known. We discriminate between realistic and non-realistic values of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> based upon the magnitude of two parameters that depend on </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: the significant distance </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">z</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and the time of photon production </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The parameter z is the space interval from the spinning dust grain within which the spinning dust grain’s electric field is effective. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Using the information available for AME, SSNs and PAHs, we estimate the power </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> using both Larmor’s formula and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. We compare and comment the results obtained for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">z</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Our study highlights the effectiveness of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pτ </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">over Larmor’s formula in providing a realistic value of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AME</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. This finding might have consequences in quantum technology of single photon detection and production.</span></span></span></span>
文摘Sand/dust storms,a globally prevalent catastrophic weather phenomenon,can cause significant erosion to the climate and ecological environment.The high concentration of sand particles they carry not only impacts atmospheric quality and poses a threat to human health,but also leads to soil sanding and environmental destruction.