A power function model for simulating creep mechanical properties of salt rock

In this paper,a new micro-creep model of salt rock is proposed based on a linear parallel bonded model(LPBM)using the two-dimensional particle flow code(PFC2D).The power function weakening form is assumed to describe the variation of the parallel bonded diameter(PBD)over time.By comparing with the parallel-bonded stress corrosion(PSC)model,a smaller stress fluctuation and smoother creep strain−time curves can be obtained by this power function model at the same stress level.The validity and adaptability of the model to simulate creep deformation of salt rock are verified through comparing the laboratory creep test curves and the Burgers model fitting result.The numerical results reveal that this model can be capable of capturing the creep deformation and damage behavior from the laboratory observations.

Computational Precision of the Power Function for Conditional Tests of Assumptions of the Rasch Model

Draxler and Zessin [1] derived the power function for a class of conditional tests of assumptions of a psychometric model known as the Rasch model and suggested an MCMC approach developed by Verhelst [2] for the numerical approximation of the power of the tests. In this contribution, the precision of the Verhelst approach is investigated and compared with an exact sampling procedure proposed by Miller and Harrison [3] for which the discrete probability distribution to be sampled from is exactly known. Results show no substantial differences between the two numerical procedures and quite accurate power computations. Regarding the question of computing time the Verhelst approach will have to be considered much more efficient.

Modeling Distortion Signals of Power Grid Based on Wiener-G Functionals

The uniform mathematical model of distortion signals in power grid has been setup with the theory of Wiener-G Functional. Firstly,the Matlab simulation models were established. Secondly,the Wiener kernel of power load was found based on the Gaussian white noise as input. And then the uniform mathematical model of the power grid signal was established according to the homogeneous of the same order of Wiener functional series. Finally,taking three typical distortion sources which are semiconductor rectifier,electric locomotive and electric arc furnace in power grid as examples,we have validated the model through the Matlab simulation and analyzed the simulation errors. The results show that the uniform mathematical model of distortion signals in power grid can approximation the actual model by growing the items of the series under the condition of the enough storage space and computing speed.

高压管汇材料疲劳性能测试及P-S-N模型曲线的拟合

高压管汇作为压裂设备中的主要易损件之一,其失效危害较大。它的失效原因主要是疲劳、冲蚀、腐蚀或者材料缺陷引起的刺漏和爆裂,其中尤以疲劳失效最不可预估。目前,对于高压管汇材料的疲劳性能研究不够深入,为解决高压管汇材料疲劳寿命的准确描述问题,以某国产高压管汇材料为例,进行了一系列疲劳试验,并基于试验数据,采用多种分布模型和不同S-N模型进行拟合分析,得出综合评价拟合能力最强的P-S-N模型。结果表明,该材料在中长疲劳寿命区,Weibull三参数模型在7级应力水平下综合评价能力最好;在存活率分别为50%、90%、99%、99.9%时,指数S-N模型的拟合系数均大于0.98,拟合能力最好。得出的P-S-N模型曲线可以为高压管汇的疲劳寿命以及安全设计提供依据。

Exact Dynamic Modeling of PWM DC-to-DC Power Converters—Part II: Discontinuous Conduction Mode

This paper follows on from the first paper, Part I, where a general formulation of a describing function approach to frequency response determination of switched linear networks, such as PWM converters, was simplified and updated. The models assume a piecewise linear state space equation description of the system and results in a closed form solution for the sought after frequency response. In Part I, model derivation was demonstrated for the case of PWM converters operating in the continuous conduction mode (CCM). This operating mode does not feature any state dependent switching times. In this paper, Part II, frequency response models for any transfer function for PWM converters operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) are derived based on the theory presented in Part I. This operating model features state dependent switching times. The describing function models developed are exact and therefore, in terms of accuracy, are to be preferred over averaged models which are widely used. The example of a boost dc-to-dc converter operating in DCM is simulated to obtain the control to output and input to output frequency responses and are compared with the models derived here. Excellent agreement between the simulated and model responses was found. Matlab code implementing the analytical models is also presented which the user can adapt for any other PWM converter topology. The models derived here may be used as a basis from which simplified models may be derived while still preserving required accuracy.

Exact Dynamic Modeling of PWM DC-to-DC Power Converters—Part I: Continuous Conduction Mode

A general approach is presented by which the exact frequency response of any transfer function of switched linear networks can be determined. This is achieved with a describing function approach using a state space equation formulation. This work presents a somewhat simplified set of equations to one previously given by one of the authors. To demonstrate application of the general formulation, the frequency responses of switched networks used as PWM DC-to-DC converters operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) under voltage mode control are derived. (The accompanying paper, Part II, will present results for converters operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM)). From the general sets of equations developed here, both the control to output and input source variation to output frequency responses are derived. The describing function approach enables exact frequency response determination, even at high frequencies where the accuracy using average models may be compromised. Confirmation of the accuracy of the derived models is provided by comparing the responses with those obtained using the commercial simulator PSIM on a PWM boost converter. The magnitude and phase responses are shown to match perfectly over the full range of frequencies up to close to half the switching frequency. Matlab code that implements the models is given such that the user can easily adapt for use with other PWM converter topologies.

数模—动模混合仿真系统的接口建模与稳定性分析

为满足现代电力系统实时仿真的发展需求,数模-动模混合仿真系统结合实时数字仿真和物理动态模拟仿真的优点,成为现代电力系统研究的重要仿真方法。接口系统是混合仿真系统设计中的核心与难点。为了深入分析混合仿真系统的稳定性,对接口系统各个组成环节进行建模得到系统开环传递函数,分别根据劳斯判据和奈奎斯特判据研究开环传递函数中不同参数对系统稳定性的影响。理论推导表明接口系统中滤波器截止频率、接口延时和阻抗模拟比对系统的稳定性影响较大,并通过所搭建的混合仿真系统进行实验,实验结果表明不同参数对系统的稳定性影响与理论推导一致。

基于低风速功率修正和损失函数改进的超短期风电功率预测

风电功率具有较强的波动性和随机性。为进一步提升风电功率的预测精度,提出一种基于低风速功率修正和损失函数改进的超短期风电功率预测模型。该模型采用卷积神经网络、自注意力机制和双向门控循环单元捕获风电功率序列的长期时序依赖关系。为了解决低风速下待风状态神经网络难以精确拟合的问题,模型通过预测风速并结合当前时段的风电功率对低风速段的预测功率进行修正。针对参数训练的稳定性问题,模型通过改进预测策略和共享权重,引入一种多元非线性的损失函数来提取序列间的关联性。结果表明,所提模型在多项误差指标中均优于对比模型,能够有效提升超短期风电功率的预测效果。

K-power双线性系统基于Laguerre函数的保结构模型降阶方法

针对K-power双线性系统,提出一种基于Laguerre函数的保结构模型降阶方法.该方法首先将K-power双线性系统转化为一般的双线性系统,再利用矩阵指数函数的Laguerre函数展开,计算出双线性系统交叉Gram矩阵的近似低秩因子,从而构造K-power双线性系统各子系统相应的投影变换,进而生成该系统的近似平衡系统.然后,通过截断较小的奇异值对应的状态,得到降阶模型.该降阶过程计算高效,且具有一定的自适应性.最后,数值实验验证了算法的有效性.

电场实时加载下煤层气解吸-扩散特性实验研究

为探究电场实时加载下煤层气解吸-扩散特性,揭示电场强化煤层气高效抽采的机理影响特征,设计并研发了可控电场强度下煤层气解吸-扩散实验系统;实验探究了电场加载下煤体的CH4和CO_(2)解吸-扩散变化特征,并通过幂函数扩散模型计算各场强作用下的CH4扩散系数。结果表明:不同吸附质在电场实时加载下煤层气解吸量均得到一定程度提升,但电场对CO_(2)解吸量影响特征更加明显,同时电场能够强化煤体瓦斯的初始解吸速度;与未加电场相比,特征场强为30、60、90 kV/m时CH4初始解吸速率提升了6.9%、15.3%、14.6%,而CO_(2)依次提升了3.4%、6.7%、9.2%;电场加载下煤体CH4幂函数扩散模型能够高度的与实验值相吻合,扩散系数具有随着加载场强的增大而逐渐增大变化特征,电场有利于煤中甲烷的解吸、扩散。

海上风电与海洋牧场融合发展趋势与技术挑战

[目的]在“双碳”目标及“海洋强国”战略背景下,以海上风电为代表的海洋可再生能源和以海洋牧场为代表的海洋资源融合发展是未来海洋资源开发利用的新方向、新形势、新机遇。文章针对海上风电与海洋牧场融合发展模式及关键技术进行了综述分析,以向国内相关研究和工程项目提供技术参考。[方法]以我国海洋资源融合开发需求为导向,分析海上风电与海洋牧场融合全球发展趋势,明确我国风渔融合发展的现状与短板;在此基础上,重点剖析了海上风电与海洋牧场融合发展的融合模式、装备设计、工程案例及关键技术问题,最后对我国海上风电与海洋牧场融合发展进行了未来展望。[结果]通过对海上风电与海洋牧场融合发展模式及关键技术问题进行梳理分析,阐明了瓶颈问题及技术挑战,指出了未来突破方向,为我国海上资源综合开发利用提供了科学指导和参考依据。[结论]文章说明了海上风电与海洋牧场融合发展的必要性和可行性,提出了我国海上风电与海洋牧场融合的可行途径。

基于投资组合高阶矩分析的电力系统灵活性评估

针对现有灵活性指标形式主要集中于低阶统计量,仅能反映系统灵活性的平均水平与集中程度,而忽视了灵活性的高阶特征这一问题,引入投资组合高阶矩分析理论对电力系统灵活性进行刻画,以揭示系统灵活性的调节潜力与风险。首先,通过分析投资组合的均值-方差-偏度-峰度模型(mean-variance-skewness-kurtosismodel,MVSK Model),给出了灵活性单元组合的定义,基于多元Copula函数构建考虑空间相关性的灵活性单元概率模型。其次,基于灵活性单元组合的各阶矩建立灵活性评估指标,并给出基于核密度估计与蒙特卡洛模拟的指标计算方法。最后,通过FTS-213测试系统与德国某电网的历史数据对所提指标进行了测算和验证。算例表明所提指标能够反映系统灵活性调节能力的平均水平、稳定程度、潜力与风险,且能量化评估灵活性资源种类与投建地区对系统灵活性的影响,为后续的灵活性资源规划提供理论支持。

轿车子午线轮胎高速均匀性纵向谐波力的研究

对轿车子午线轮胎高速均匀性纵向谐波力进行研究。结果表明:轮胎纵向波动力1阶谐波(TFV1H)幅值随着轮胎速度的增大而增大,并呈几何式增长趋势;轮胎TFV1H幅值和速度的关系可用幂函数模型表示;不同轮胎的幂函数模型的2个系数不同,但其具有较好的线性关系;可以将轮胎TFV1H幅值和速度的关系确定为只有1个待定常数的幂函数模型。

机场高填方工程沉降特性及预测模型研究

本文以某大型机场高填方工程为研究对象,通过系统的沉降监测与分析,深入研究了机场高填方工程的沉降特性,并对比了多种沉降预测模型的适用性。研究结果表明:(1)填筑体沉降呈现明显的空间分布特征,跑道区域沉降最大;(2)沉降速率随时间逐渐减小,表明填筑体逐步趋于稳定;(3)分层沉降监测揭示了填筑体内部沉降的深度依赖性;(4)在对比的三种预测模型中,幂函数模型整体拟合效果最佳,R2值普遍高于双曲线和对数函数模型;(5)基于幂函数模型的30年总沉降预测结果显示,最大沉降量和最大差异沉降均满足设计要求。研究成果为机场高填方工程的沉降控制和预测提供了科学依据和技术支持。

基于多保真度模型的高比例新能源配电网潮流不确定性表征方法

在能源生产和消费低碳化转型的背景下,如何量化源-荷不确定性的影响,高效、准确地实现配电网潮流不确定性表征,对配电网的安全、可靠运行具有重要意义。该文从计算效率和准确性两方面出发,将现有基于概率潮流的不确定性表征方法分为高、低保真度模型两类,综合分析了两种方法存在的问题。在此基础上,提出一种基于多保真度模型的高比例新能源配电网潮流不确定性表征方法,以实现潮流状态变量矩信息的高精度估计与概率分布函数的刻画。在矩信息估计方面,提出结合高、低保真度模型特点的最优输入样本数量分配方法,在给定总计算负担下实现了输出变量矩信息的无偏估计。在概率分布函数刻画方面,提出基于综合启动函数的概率分布函数刻画方法,利用多保真度模型提供的先验信息,提升概率分布函数拟合的准确性。通过118节点配电网的仿真计算,验证所提方法的有效性。

采用改进MPC提高储能系统电压暂态特性研究

储能系统通过换流器实现并网运行,常规换流器因为其开关频率低,在采样、计算环节存在延时导致储能系统暂态特性差,甚至引起整个电网不稳定。本文采用模型预测控制MPC(model predictive control)来实现储能系统功率快速响应,避免延时影响。引入功率权重价值函数在有功、无功MPC控制中,计算储能换流器输出电压最优值。针对因为滤波电感参数偏移导致的MPC模型不准确问题,本文采用电感误差补偿控制来提高模型精度。通过Matlab/Simulink仿真和实验来验证本文所提方案可提高储能系统暂态特性,有效消除误差对MPC控制性能的影响。

基于轻量化Transformer模型的多变量风电功率预测

风电功率预测对电力调度和新能源管理极为重要。为准确高效预测多变量风电功率,提出一种基于轻量化Transformer(Light Transformer)的风电功率预测方法。首先,采用滚动序列建模方法,确定输入数据,然后采用Transformer预测模型,改进和精简原始结构,在前馈网络模块中使用GeLU激活函数来代替传统的ReLU激活函数,提升模型的质量,轻量化网络结构,利用多头注意力机制,加快模型训练速度,提升预测模型精度。

Wind Farm Coordinated Control for Power Optimization

以降低风电场尾流损失、优化风场出力为目标,设计基于Laguerre函数非线性预测控制（nonlinear modelpredictive control,NLMPC）方案的风场集群控制器。该控制器应用风场动态尾流模型,通过NLMPC统一调整风场内各机组转速以提升风场功率。在控制器设计中,使用有效风速预测误差校正对预测模型失配及超短期风速预测误差进行补偿,引入Laguerre函数降低滚动时域优化计算负担并分析了控制器对风速预测误差的鲁棒性能。仿真研究表明,集群控制器能够在不同风速条件下提升风场功率、降低优化计算负担,且对风速预测模型失配与风场自然风速预测误差具有鲁棒性。

中国要素错配的时空演变研究

随着中国经济进入高质量发展阶段,提高要素配置效率成为当前发展的重要任务之一。基于多部门一般均衡模型,引入时空异质产出弹性生产函数,考虑资本、电力资源和异质性技能劳动力,量化分析2009—2021年中国284个地级以上城市要素错配的时空演化特征。研究发现:要素错配程度和方向存在较大时空异质性,资本、高技能劳动力和中等技能劳动力呈配置过度状态,电力资源和低技能劳动力呈配置不足状态。高技能劳动力配置呈空间收敛趋势,其他类型要素配置呈空间扩大趋势。资本和电力资源配置空间差异扩大源于西部地区配置过度加剧,低技能劳动力配置空间差异扩大源于西部地区配置不足加剧,中等技能劳动力配置空间差异较大源于东北地区配置不足严重。资本配置过度增加的城市数量大于配置不足增加的城市数量,电力资源配置过度增加的城市数量远大于配置不足减少的城市数量,高技能劳动力配置不足和配置过度的城市数量大幅下降,中等技能、低技能劳动力配置不足的城市数量增加。资源型城市要素错配问题比非资源型城市严重,尤其是成长型、成熟型资源城市。

基于黑猩猩算法的风光蓄火联合发电系统优化调度

为了提高风光蓄火联合发电系统的经济效益,降低弃风弃光量,以联合发电系统的收益最大为优化目标,全面考虑系统约束条件,建立了风光蓄火联合发电系统优化调度模型,采用黑猩猩优化算法(Chimp Optimization Algorithm,COA)对调度模型进行求解。将该模型用于我国西南地区某联合发电系统的优化调度,结果表明,通过COA算法对联合发电系统的优化,增加了风电、光伏的出力,这样既提高了联合发电系统的经济效益,同时又减少了对环境的影响。将COA算法与GWO算法、PSO算法和GA算法进行比对,其收敛代数、计算时间、最大发电收益均优于其他对比算法,验证了COA算法在对联合发电系统优化调度时的优势。